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Fig. 7 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig. 7. Known distribution of Mesozoic multituberculates on Gondwana. Base map at 125 m.y.a. (latest Barremian) from Scotese (2021).

Fig. 2. Left p4 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig. 2. Left p4 in dentary fragment, NMV P216655, holotype of the cimolodontan multituberculate Corriebaatar marywaltersae Rich, Vickers-Rich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, and Fitzgerald, 2009, Flat Rocks locality, Eumeralla Formation, Barremian, Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia; stereopairs in buccal (A1) and lingual (A2) views.

Fig. 4 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig. 4. MicroCT scans of left dentary with p4 in situ, NMV P252730, of the cimolodontan multituberculate Corriebaatar marywaltersae Rich, VickersRich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, and Fitzgerald, 2009, Flat Rocks locality, Eumeralla Formation, Barremian, Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia. The two parts (anterior fragment in brown, posterior fragment in lime green) that compose the specimen, in lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D), anterior (E), and posterior (F) views, with dentary semi-transparent in A2–F2. Abbreviations: cp, coronoid process; d, diastema; irc, interradicular crest; lia, lower incisor alveolus (turquoise); lirf, root fragment (dark yellow) in lower incisor alveolus; m1a, lower first molar alveoli; m1mrf, root fragment (dark yellow) in mesial alveolus of m1; m2a, lower second molar alveoli; maf, mandibular foramen; masf, masseteric fossa; mc, mandibular canal (deep red); mf, mental foramen; ms, mandibular symphysis; p4, lower fourth premolar (bright yellow); p4r, lower fourth premolar root (dark yellow); pr, pterygoid rim; pf, pterygoid fossa; ps, pterygoid shelf; tg, temporal groove.

Fig 6 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig 6. Interpretation of molar alveolar structure in dentary, NMV P252730, of the cimolodontan multituberculate Corriebaatar marywaltersae Rich, Vickers-Rich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, and Fitzgerald, 2009, Flat Rocks locality, Eumeralla Formation, Barremian, Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia. Partial left dentary in dorsomedial view with p4 digitally extracted (A1), outlines of interpreted alveoli for p4 (yellow), m1 (purple), and m2 (blue) (A2). Medial (A3) and lateral (A4) views of dentary with computer-simulated mold-making compound overlying the partially preserved alveoli of m1 and m2 and filling the voids. A3 and A4 are views of entire specimen to provide context, dentary semi-transparent in A4. Simulated mold-making compound enlarged (A5) showing the parts that filled the voids of the partially preserved alveoli. Abbreviations: m1aa, m1 accessory alveolus; m1da, m1 distal alveolus; m1ma, m1 mesial alveolus; m2ba, m2 buccal alveoli; m2la, m2 lingual alveoli; p 4da, p4 distal alveolus; p4ma, p4 mesial alveolus; smc, simulated mold-making compound. Note that m1da divides as it descends ventrally (contrast view in A1, A2 with that in A5). more parsimonious interpretation to be that there is only olus) and markedly concave beneath the molars (the apex of one molar behind m1 and that, tentatively, the lower dental the concavity situated beneath m2), with the beginnings of formula is 1.0.1.2. Assuming that C. marywaltersae had a convexity that formed the ventral margin of the ascending only two molars and acknowledging that poor preservation process posteriorly. Although the strongly downturned asprecludes accurate measurement, we estimate the length of pect posteriorly gives the visual impression of a potential anm1 to have been approximately 1.86 mm and the length of gular process more posteriorly, we conclude that an angular m2 to have been approximately 1.74 mm. It thus appears that process was not present because: (i) the area posterior to the m2 was approximately 94% the length of m1. downturned area is clearly broken and the more posterior re- The dentary of NMV P252730 is rodentiform and in- gions of the ascending ramus are not preserved; (ii) whereas cludes virtually all of the horizontal ramus and anterior parts most Mesozoic mammaliaforms exhibit a flat or convex venof the ascending process. As such, it does not preserve the tral margin, such a strong concavity ventral to the cheekposterior aspects of the masseteric fossa laterally or the pter- teeth is known to occur in species of several other Mesozoic ygoid fossa medially, most of the coronoid process (dorsally and Paleogene mammaliaform genera (e.g., Galulatherium, and posteriorly), the pterygoid fovea, the condylar process, Krause et al. 2003; O'Connor et al. 2019; Volaticotherium, or the condyle. In lateral outline, in addition to the dorsally Meng et al. 2006), particularly multituberculates (e.g., Alloconcave diastema described above, it is noteworthy that the cosmodon, Fox 2005; Heishanobaatar, Kusuhashi et al. ventral margin of the dentary is sinuous, being strongly con- 2010; Meniscoessus, Archibald 1982; Microcosmodon, Fox vex anteroventrally (anteroventral to the lower incisor alve- 2005; Taeniolabis, Granger and Simpson 1929; Zofiabaatar,

Fig. 1 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig. 1. Reconstruction of left p4 in dentary fragment, NMV P216655, holotype of the cimolodontan multituberculate Corriebaatar marywaltersaeRich, Vickers-Rich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, and Fitzgerald, 2009, Flat Rocks locality, Eumeralla Formation, Barremian, Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views. Artwork by Peter Trusler.

Fig. 5 in Second specimen of Corriebaatar marywaltersae from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia confirms its multituberculate affinities

Fig. 5. Reconstruction of partial left dentary with p4 in situ, NMV P252730, of the cimolodontan multituberculate Corriebaatar marywaltersae Rich, Vickers-Rich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, and Fitzgerald, 2009, Flat Rocks locality, Eumeralla Formation, Barremian, Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia. Specimen in lateral (A1), dorsal/occlusal (A2), and medial (A3) views. Size and shape of base of crown of lower incisor indicated by black dashed lines. Estimate of size and position of symphyseal area indicated by gray hatching in A2 and A3. Buccal view of distal portion of p4 (A4), illustrating abraded distobuccal wear facet, the lower limit of which is indicated by white dashed line. Buccal ridges are preserved as elliptical troughs of enamel surrounded by the abraded wear surface. Arrow indicates the slightly curved orientation of wear striations and the direction of palinal movement of p4 relative to the upper dentition. Artwork by Peter Trusler.

Figure 1 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 1. Map of Victoria, Australia, showing the fossil locations within the Melbourne Zone. Location 1. Yea, Ghin Ghin Road, Limestone Road (37° 12.38' S, 145° 25.39' E). Location 2. Matlock, Frenchmans Spur (37° 25.82' S, 146° 77.24' E.), the type location of Salopella australis and S. caespitosa (Tims and Chambers, 1984). Source: adapted from Moore et al. (1998: fig. 2).

Figure 2. Salopella australis displaying parallel parent axes dichotomising into much shorter daughter axes that are terminated with elongate sporangia, delineated with a in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 2. Salopella australis displaying parallel parent axes dichotomising into much shorter daughter axes that are terminated with elongate sporangia, delineated with a constriction just above dark sporogeneous region. All from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, erect parent axes parallel to each other, dichotomising into two elongate sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. Re-photographed here; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 32, fig. 4) and Tims (1980: fig. 4.1.9). Specimen NMV P50014. B, forked dichotomy terminated by sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. And to the right hand side of the forked axis is another long axis, which based on its orientation may also be part of the same plant. Constriction at arrow, lower arrow at dichotomy and double arrow at two aligned axes. Specimen NMV P33219. C, close-up of fructification in A, sporangia barely extend beyond the confines of their subtending axes, with slight constriction present above sporogeneous region (at arrow). Specimen NMV P50014. D, E, holotype, part and counterpart. On part, constriction at arrow in sporangium. On counterpart, both parent axes are parallel to each other (at dotted arrow). Re-photographed here, originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 32, figs. 1, 2). Specimens NMV P50008.1 and NMV P50008.2, respectively. F, Gen. et sp. indet. – short daughter axes terminated in elongate sporangia. The cortex may be absent from subtending axes, with only the central line visible. The lack of cortex prevents assigning to S. australis as width of subtending axis to sporangial width is required. Originally photographed by Tims (1980: fig. 4.1.13). Specimen NMV P50010.2. G, S. australis, with two short daughter axes, with constriction at arrow of the sporangium, which is the same width as its subtending axis. Specimen NMV P202886.

Figure 6 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 6. Line-drawings of Victorian early land plants with longer than wider sporangia. A, Salopella australis from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P50014.B, Gen. et sp. indet. from Limestone Road, Yea. Originally placed in S. australis but branching architecture clearly differs. Specimen NMV P157323. C, Salopella laidae sp. nov. from Limestone Road, Yea. NMV P50011. D, Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P202987. E, Salopella caespitosa from Ghin Ghin Road, Yea. Specimen NMV P235941.

Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil's Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1.

Figure 3 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2.

Figure 5 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 5. Salopella laidae sp. nov. (holotype) NMV P50011.1 and NMV P50011.2, part and counterpart, respectively, with counterpart reversed to be in the same orientation as part specimen. From location 4 (Brackley's cutting) on Limestone Road, Yea. A, double isotomous dichotomy visible, terminated with eight elongate sporangia, five visible. At lower arrow central line and at F, folding of tissue. On sporangium seven?sporogenous region highlighted. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers, 1984: pl. 32, fig. 3 and text-fig. 2C. B, arrow at daughter axis missing on part present.

Figure 2 in Cretaceous marine amniotes of Australia: perspectives on a decade of new research

Figure 2. Diagrammatic map of Cretaceous rock outcrops on the Australian continent with state borders and specific locality references for fossil occurrences discussed in the text (developed from Kear and Hamilton-Bruce, 2011).

Figure 1 in Cretaceous marine amniotes of Australia: perspectives on a decade of new research

Figure 1. Stratigraphical distribution of Australian Cretaceous marine amniote taxa updated from Kear (2003). Australian standard microplankton (dinoflagellate) zonation is modified from Partridge (2006) to accommodate the emended geological timescale of Gradstein et al. (2012). Taxon ranges indicate named species (black bars) or indeterminate occurrences assigned to higher-level taxa (open bars).

Figure 3 in Cretaceous marine amniotes of Australia: perspectives on a decade of new research

Figure 3. Marine amniote fossils from Cretaceous strata in Australia. A, elasmosaurid premaxillary palate (SAM P40510) exposing the vomerine contact and intracranial sinus. B, spectacular mounted skeleton (QM F18041) of the new polycotylid popularly dubbed the 'Richmond pliosaur'. C, partially disarticulated 'juvenile' postcranium referred to Umoonasaurus demoscyllus. Both scapulae (outlined) and an in situ gastrolith mass are indicated. D, 'Umoonasaurus-like' propodial from the late Aptian Darwin Formation, Northern Territory. E, CT rendering of an exceptionally preserved 'juvenile' Platypterygius australis cranium and mandible (AM F98273). Image compilation: Ben Hill (Adelaide). F, articulated humerus and distal forelimb elements (AM F107444) of a 'juvenile' Platypterygius australis. G, ophthalmosaurian phalanx (WAM 99.1.4) from the late Cenomanian Geale Siltstone, Western Australia. Image: Mikael Siversson (Western Australian Museum). H, mosasaurid ulna (UWA 37092) with antebrachial foramen and intermedium contact indicated. I, cranium of Bouliachelys suteri (SAM P41106) in lateral view. J, articulated cranium and carapace of Bouliachelys suteri (SAM P40525) in dorsal view. Scale bars represent 20 mm in A, G, H; 500 mm in B; 100 mm in C, J; and 50 mm in D–F, I. Abbreviations: abf – antebrachial foramen; dfi – distal facet for the intermedium; ics – intracranial sinus; gst – gastrolith mass; hpx – hooked premaxillae; lea – lateral exposure of angular; pmj – premaxillary, maxillary, and jugal contacts; rbe – reduced basioccipital extracondylar area; rze – position of radial zeugopodial element; scp – scapulae.

Figure 1 in Quantifying scientific significance of a fossil site: the Gogo Fossil sites (Late Devonian, Western Australia) as a case study

Figure 1. Map showing area covering the Gogo Formation site localities (geology taken from Long and Trinajstic, 2010, figure 1).

Figure 5 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 5: Partial m/z 178, 202 and 228 mass chromatograms showing the distribution of common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aromatic fraction.

Figure 3 in New specimens of ektopodontids (Marsupialia: Ektopodontidae) from South Australia

Figure 3. Chunia spp. teeth: a-d. Chunia illuminata, Woodburne and Clemens, 1986. a. right maxilla. QM F10641, mirror-imaged to show angle of face, Tedford Locality; b. M1 SAM P29081, White Sands Basin; c. SAM P17997, (type) M2 Tedford Locality; d. M3 SAM P33944, Tedford Locality, Lake Palankarinna, Ditjimanka Local Fauna; e. Chunia omega Woodburne and Clemens, 1986, half of M3? (type) SAM P23065, Tom O's Quarry, Lake Tarkarooloo, Tarkarooloo Local Fauna. Abbreviations: mel, metaconule; pastl, parastyloph; pr, protocone; prl, protoloph; 3, cusp 3; 5, cusp 5.

Figure 4 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 4: Partial m/z 191 and 217 mass chromatograms used in calculation of sterane/hopane ratio. A ratio of 0.03 indicates that a very significant proportion of overall biomass in the lake was derived from bacteria.

Figure 6 in New specimens of ektopodontids (Marsupialia: Ektopodontidae) from South Australia

Figure 6. Ektopodontid spp.; comparison of first upper molars. a. Chunia illuminata SAM P29081 (left); b. Ektopodon serratus SAM P13847 (left); c. Ektopodon stirtoni SAM P22504 (right); d. Ektopodon litolophus SAM P30176 (right); e. Ektopodon tommosi NMV P48750-1 (left); f. Ektopodon tommosi SAM P19962 (right); g. Ektopodon ulta (from Megirian et al. 2004:719, fig. 15A); h. Ektopodon paucicristatus (from Rich et al. 2006:137, fig. 3D). Scale bar approximately 1 cm, for a-d; others about same scale. Abbreviations: ca, canine alveolus; fo, infraorbital foramen; mjs, maxillojugal suture; pastl, parastyloph.