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opennotspecifiedApr 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)

FIGURE 1. Life history of Nhambikuara mima: 1a) egg, 1b) black patches present on egg two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 8a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 1a based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0542; 1b, 2a, b, 3a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Premating isolation is determined by larval rearing substrates in cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. X. Age-specific dynamics of adult epicuticular hyrdocarbon expression in response to different host plants

Analysis of sexual selection and sexual isolation in Drosophila mojavensis and its relatives has revealed a pervasive role of rearing substrates on adult courtship behavior when flies were reared on fermenting cactus in preadult stages. Here, we assessed expression of contact pheromones comprised of epicuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) from eclosion to 28 days of age in adults from two populations reared on fermenting tissues of two host cacti over the entire life cycle. Flies were never exposed to laboratory food and showed significant reductions in average CHC amounts consistent with CHCs of wild-caught flies. Overall, total hydrocarbon amounts increased from eclosion to 14–18 days, well past age at sexual maturity, and then declined in older flies. Most flies did not survive past 4 weeks. Baja California and mainland populations showed significantly different age-specific CHC profiles where Baja adults showed far less age-specific changes in CHC expression. Adults from populations reared on the host cactus typically used in nature expressed more CHCs than on the alternate host. MANCOVA with age as the covariate for the first six CHC principal components showed extensive differences in CHC composition due to age, population, cactus, sex, and age × population, age × sex, and age × cactus interactions. Thus, understanding variation in CHC composition as adult D. mojavensis age requires information about population and host plant differences, with potential influences on patterns of mate choice, sexual selection, and sexual isolation, and ultimately how these pheromones are expressed in natural populations. Studies of drosophilid aging in the wild are badly needed.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Closely related parasitic plants have similar host requirements and related effects on hosts

The performance of root hemiparasites depends strongly on host species identity, but it remains unknown whether there exist general patterns in the quality of species as hosts for hemiparasites and in their sensitivity to parasitism. In a comparative approach, the model root-hemiparasites Rhinanthus minor and R. alectorolophus were grown with 25 host species (grasses, forbs and legumes) at two nutrient levels. Hosts grown without parasites served as a control. Host species identity strongly influenced parasite biomass and other traits and both parasites grew better with legumes and grasses than with forbs. The biomass of R. alectorolophus was much higher than that of R. minor with all host plants and R. alectorolophus responded much more strongly to higher nutrient availability than R. minor. The performance of the two species of Rhinanthus with individual hosts was strongly correlated, and it was also correlated with that of R. alectorolophus and the related Odontites vulgaris in previous experiments with many of the same hosts, but only weakly with that of the less closely related Melampyrum arvense. The negative effect of R. minor on host biomass was less strong than that of R. alectorolophus, but stronger relative to its own biomass, suggesting that it is more parasitic. The impact of the two parasites on individual hosts did not depend on nutrient level and was correlated. Several legumes and grasses were tolerant of parasitism. While R. minor slightly reduced mean overall productivity, R. alectorolophus increased it with several species, indicating that the loss of host biomass was more than compensated by that of the parasite. The results show that closely related parasites have similar host requirements and correlated negative effects on individuals hosts, but that there are also specific interactions between pairs of parasitic plants and their hosts.

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 5–10 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant

FIGURES 5–10. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock. Male (5–7): 5. Dorsal view; 6. Lateral View; 7. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Female (8–10): 8. Dorsal view; 9. Lateral View; 10. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Legend: abm, abdominal marking; m, scutum posterior macula; tb, metatibia.

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 11–17 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant

FIGURES 11–17. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock, genitalia. Male (11–12): 11. Lateral view; 12. Posterior view. Female (13–17): 13. Dorsal view; 14. Ventral view. Proctiger (15–17): 15. Dorsal view; 16. Lateral view; 17. Ventral view. Legend: ap, apodeme of the epiproct; c, cercus; ep, epandrium; epi, epiproct; ext, apico-lateral extensions of the epiproct; hyp, hypoproct; s8, sternite 8; s9, sternite 9 (internal); sct, sub-epandrial sclerite; st, surstylus; t6, 7 and 8, tergites 6, 7 and 8.

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 3–4 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant

FIGURES 3–4. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock, puparium: 3. Dorsal view, inset shows apical view of spiracular plate; 4. Lateral view. Legend: bt, posterior breathing tube; ds, dorsal scar; p, pit; so, spiracular opening; tr, transverse ridge.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Database of the list for associations between host plants and fruit flies

Insects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species-rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Immune assay data for Lycaeides melissa larvae reared on different host plants and with/without egg microbes

1. Maternally transmitted microbes are ubiquitous. In insects, maternal microbes can play a role in mediating the insect immune response. Less is known about how ecological factors, such as resource use, interact with maternal microbes to affect immunity. 2. In the context of a recent colonization of a novel host plant by the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa), we investigated the interaction between host plant use and vertically transmitted, extracellular egg-associated microbes in determining the strength of the insect immune response. 3. We reared larvae on two different host plant species: a native host Astragalus canadensis and a novel host Medicago sativa. Egg-associated microbes were removed through a series of antimicrobial egg washes prior to hatching. Immune response was measured through three assays: standing phenoloxidase (PO), total PO, and melanization. 4. We detected strong effects of microbial removal. Egg washing resulted in larvae with an increased immune response as measured by total PO- contrary to reports from other taxa. The effect of washing was especially strong for larvae consuming the native host plant. 5. This result may explain why consumption of the egg casing is not a universal behaviour in insects, due to negative effects on larval immunity.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Plant pathogen-mediated rapid acclimation of a host-specialized aphid to a non-host plant

Polyphagous aphids often consist of host-specialized lineages which have greater fitness on their native hosts than on others. The underlying causes are important for understanding of the evolution of diet breadth and host shift of aphids. The cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is extremely polyphagous with many strict host-specialized lineages. Whether and how the lineage specialized on the primary host hibiscus shifts to the secondary host cucumber remains elusive. We found that the hibiscus-specialized lineage suffered high mortality and gave birth to very few nymphs developing into yellow dwarfs on fresh cucumber leaves, and did not inflict any damage symptoms on cucumber plants. The poor performance did not improve with prolonged exposure to cucumber; however, it did significantly improve when the cucumber leaves were pre-infected with a biotrophic phytopathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. More importantly, the hibiscus-specialized lineage with two-generation feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber leaves performed as well as the cucumber-specialized lineage did on fresh cucumber leaves, and inflicted typical damage symptoms on intact cucumber plants. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) indicated that the hibiscus-specialized lineage did not ingest phloem sap from fresh cucumber leaves but succeeded in ingesting phloem sap from pre-infected cucumber leaves, which explained the performance improvement of the hibiscus-specialized lineage on pre-infected cucumber leaves. This study revealed a new pathway for the hibiscus-specialized lineage to quickly acclimate to cucumber under the assistance of the phytopathogen. We considered that the short feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber may activate expression of effector genes that are related to specific host utilization. We suggest to identify host-specific effectors by comparing proteomes or/and transcriptomes of the hibiscus-specialized lineage before and after acclimating to cucumber.

FIGURE 12 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURE 12. Folded leaves of Acer pictum Thunb. var. mono (Maxim.) Maxim. ex Franch by P. gorosoe sp. nov. in Korea National Arboretum, Gwangreung forest, Pocheon, Korea.

FIGURES 3–6 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURES 3–6. Heads of Patania spp. from Korea. 3a–d. P. harutai, male (specimen no. 1044, slide no. INU-7588). 4a–d. ditto, female (specimen no. 1045, slide no. INU-7589). 5a–d. P. gorosoe sp. nov., male (holotype, specimen no. 1039, slide no. INU-7583). 6a–d. ditto, female (paratype, specimen no. 1040, slide no. INU-7584).

FIGURES 1–2 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURES 1–2. Adults of Patania spp. from Korea. 1a. P. harutai, male (specimen no. 1044, slide no. INU-7588). 1b. ditto, female (specimen no. 1043, slide no. INU-7587). 2a. P. gorosoe sp. nov., male (holotype, specimen no. 1039, slide no. INU-7583). b. ditto, female (paratype, specimen no. 1040, slide no. INU-7584). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURES 8 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURES 8. Male genitalia of Patania gorosoe sp. nov. from Korea. 8a. Genital capsule (paratype, slide no. INU-8007). 8b. 8th segment of abdomen. 8c. Aedeagus. 8d. Vesica. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 9–10 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURES 9–10. Female genitalia of Patania spp. from Korea. 9. P. harutai, specimen no. 1043, slide no. INU-7587. 10. P. gorosoe sp. nov., paratype, specimen no. 1040, slide no. INU-7584.

FIGURE 11 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants

FIGURE 11. Wing venation of Patania gorosoe sp. nov. from Korea (paratype, male, slide no. INU-8155).

FIGURES 3–12 in Host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Morocco

FIGURES 3–12. Endemic host plants of Tephritiddae: 3, Centaurea monticola Boiss. ex DC.; 4, Cirsium maroccanum Petr.; 5, Cladanthus scariosus (Ball.) Oberpr. & Vogt; 6, Cynara humilis L.; 7, Echinops fontqueri Pau (= Echinops spinosissimus subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Greuter).; 8, Galactites duriaei Dur., 9, Ptilostemon rhiphaeus (Pau & Font Quer) Greuter; 10, Santolina pectinata Lag.; 11, Origanum compactum Benth.; 12, Origanum grosii Pau & Font Quer.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Tang C-T, Mikó I, Nicholls JA, Schwéger S, Yang M-M, Stone GN, Sinclair F, Bozsó M, Melika G, Pénzes Z (2016) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53: 77-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.9890

Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (http://protege.stanford.edu/) using the OWL Manchester syntax. : Explanation note: Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (http://protege.stanford.edu/) using the OWL Manchester syntax.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Tang C-T, Mikó I, Nicholls JA, Schwéger S, Yang M-M, Stone GN, Sinclair F, Bozsó M, Melika G, Pénzes Z (2016) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53: 77-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.9890

URI table (Seltmann et al. 2013) containing anatomical terms, definitions and uniform resource identifiers of Hymenoptera specific classes in the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (http://hymao.org). : Explanation note: URI table (Seltmann et al. 2013) containing anatomical terms, definitions and uniform resource identifiers of Hymenoptera specific classes in the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (http://hymao.org).

opennotspecifiedOct 2017View details →

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations

FIGURE 4. Labels of Neotropical Phyllocnistis types found in museums. (A) P. abatiae; (B) P. aurilinea; (C) P. baccharidis; (D) P. bourquini; (E) P. citrella; (F) P. dorcas; (G) P. drimiphaga; (H) P. helios; (I) P. jupiter; (J) P. kawakitai; (K) P. maxberryi; (L) P. meliacella; (M) P. norak; (N) P. ohshimai; (O) P. ourea; (P) P. perseafolia; (Q) P. petronellii; (R) P. phoebus; (S) P. puyehuensis; (T) P. rotans; (U) P. sciophanta; (V) P. selene; (W) P. sexangula; (X) P. tethys; (Y) P. tropaeolicola; (Z) P. wygodzinskyi; (AA) P. xylopiella.