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FIGURE 18 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 18. Impatiophila longifolia Fu & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype, #00508) and female (paratype, #00572): A, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); B, caudoventral part of epandrium; C, surstylus (caudal view); D, tenth sternite; E, phallic organs (dorsal view); F, phallic organs (lateral view); G, oviscapt (lateral view); H, oviscapt (ventral view).

FIGURE 11 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 11. The strict consensus tree of 1382 most parsimonious cladograms. This tree was obtained under the constraints of tree topology shown in Fig. 10 by a grafting analysis with 25 morphological characters. Synapomorphies inferred from ACCTRAN character optimization are indicated on each branch: solid circle, non-homoplastic change; open circle, homoplastic (parallel and/or reversal) change; bar, change inconsistent with DELTRAN inference (not shown). Bootstrap value (more than 50%) is indicated beside each branch. * Morphologically grafted species.

FIGURE 10. A in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 10. A backbone constraint topology. Branches with ≥ 50% ML bootstrap percentages in the molecular phylogeny (Fig. 9) were retained. This constraint was used for searching of parsimony trees in a grafting analysis with morphological characters. Numbers beside each node are posterior probability and bootstrap percentage (separated by a slash).

FIGURE 15 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 15. Impatiophila eretmosternata Fu & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype, #00515) and female (paratype, #00310): A, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); B, caudoventral part of epandrium; C, surstylus (caudal view); D, tenth sternite; E, phallic organs (dorsal view); F, phallic organs (lateral view); G, oviscapt (lateral view); H, oviscapt (ventral view).

FIGURE 14 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 14. Impatiophila convergens Fu & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype, #00311) and female (paratype, #00540): A, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); B, caudoventral part of epandrium; C, surstylus (caudal view); D, tenth sternite; E, phallic organs (dorsal view); F, phallic organs (lateral view); G, oviscapt (lateral view); H, oviscapt (ventral view).

FIGURE 2. Collection sites. 1 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 2. Collection sites. 1, along the way from Lage Village, Baiba Town, Linzhi County to Hanmi Village, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang; 2, Hanmi Village; 3, along the way from Hanmi to the seat of Beibeng Town; 4, the seat of Beibeng Town; 5, from the seat of Beibeng Town to Yarang Village, Motuo Town, Motuo County, Xizang; 6, from Yarang to the seat of Motuo County; 7, Tongmai Village, Yigong Town, Bomi County, Xizang; 8, Hutiaoxia Town, Shangri-la County, Yunnan; 9, Liangjiaren (site 2) in Hutiaoxia Town; 10, Cangshan National Nature Reserve, Dali, Yunnan; 11, Yangbi County, Yunnan; 12, Jiujiezi, Mt. Gaoligong, Baoshan, Yunnan; 13, Baihualing Village, Mangkuan Town, Longyang District; Baoshan, Yunnan; 14, Hesong Village, Xiding Town, Menghai County, Yunnan; 15, Yixiang Town, Simao District, Pu'er, Yunnan; 16, Mt. Huanglianshan, Luchun County, Yunnan; 17, Wenjing Town or Jinping Town, Jingdong County, Yunnan; 18, Qiongzhusi, Kunming, Yunnan; 19, Mt. E'mei, Emeishan City, Sichuan; 20, Haoping, Taibaishan National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi; 21, Shennongjia Forestry District, Shiyan, Hubei; 22, Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Guilin, Guangxi; 23, Chitou, Nantou, Taiwan, China.

FIGURE 9 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 9. Bayesian tree of Impatiophila. Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap percentages (BP) are shown (separated by a slash) for branches supported by BPs ≥ 50%.

FIGURE 7 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 7. Neighbor-joining tree of the COI DNA sequences of BVDs. Label of each operational taxonomic unit (OUT) is given in the format of "voucher number (collection site code, sex)" (see Table 1 and Fig. 2 for the details of the code of each collection site). Two new species, I. viasericaria and I. chiasmosternata spp. nov., are framed with dashed line in the parts A and B of the tree, respectively. Numbers beside nodes are bootstrap percentages.

FIGURE 13 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 13. Impatiophila parvula Fu & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (paratype, #00270) and female (paratype, #00612): A, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); B, caudoventral part of epandrium; C, surstylus (caudal view); D, tenth sternite; E, phallic organs (dorsal view); F, phallic organs (lateral view); G, oviscapt (lateral view); H, oviscapt (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, aed b p = aedeagal basal process, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, epand a = epandrial apodeme, gon = gonopod, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, sur = surstylus. Scale lines = 0.1 (solid lines) or 0.05 mm (dashed lines).

FIGURE 6. Characters 15–25 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 6. Characters 15–25: female terminalia. A–L, oviscapt valve of Impatiophila unicolorata (A, lateral view; B, ventral view; #01439), I. viasericaria (C, lateral view; D, ventral view; #01406), I. latipennata (E, lateral view; F, ventral view; #00303), I. magnimaculata (G, lateral view; #01572), I. curvivalva (H, enlarged apical portion in lateral view; I, lateral view; #00097), I. tumidivalva (J, lateral view; #00376) and I. bifurcata (K, lateral view; L, ventral view; #01127); M, N, spermatheca (lateral view) of I. yapingi (M, ♀ from Kunming, Yunnan, China) and I. actinia (N, ♀ from Chitou, Taiwan).

FIGURE 5. Characters 8–14 in A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species

FIGURE 5. Characters 8–14: male terminalia. A–F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view) of Impatiophila securiformis (A, #01501), I. longifolia (B, #00508), I. motuoensis (C, #00273), I. epubescens (D, #00280), I. pentamaculata (E, ♂ from Jizushan, Dali, Yunnan, China) and Lissocephala sabroskyi (F, ♂ from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia); G–J, phallic organs (lateral view) of I. curvivalva (G, H; #00089) and I. menba (I, J; #00307).

FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny constructed from 427 in A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae)

FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny constructed from 427 bp region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for ingroup taxa, Myotrioza with locality data and host associations from Eremophila (Erem.) and Myoporum (Myop.).

FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogeny constructed from 427 in A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae)

FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogeny constructed from 427 bp region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for the Myotrioza from Eremophila and Myoporum comprising a broad sampling of in-group and 5 out-group taxa. The number of putative species are shown for uncorrected pairwise percent divergences (Table 1) at 2%, 3–5%, 5–6% and 8%.

FIGURE 5 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 5. Comparison of the (A) Madascincus "polleni" phenotype (Ankarana, clade 2) and (B) Madascincus stumpffi (uniform color morph from Forêt d'Ambre).

FIGURE 4 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 4. Paratype specimen of Madascincus arenicola sp. nov. (ZSM 2076/2007) in life. (A) dorsolateral view, (B) detail of anterior body and head.

FIGURE 7 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic trees of the "Madascincus polleni species complex": Bayesian analyses inferred from single gene data-set of (A) nuclear DNA (RAG2 gene) and (B) mitochondrial DNA (ND1 gene), and (C) Bayesian tree inferred from the combined analysis of both ND1 and RAG2, with posterior probabilities followed by the bootstrap support values>50% from Maximum Parsimony analysis.

FIGURE 3 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 3. Schematic drawings of dorsal and lateral views of the type specimens of (A, B) Madascincus polleni (holotype MNHN 1895.210); (C, D) M. intermedius (lectotype SMF 16027), and (E, F) M. stumpffi (holotype SMF 16019). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 6. Distribution maps of the different taxa forming the "Madascincus polleni species complex". Colored circles represent localities with voucher specimens and DNA sequences included in the present phylogenetic analyses, whereas black dots represent collection vouchers specimens that have been only used for the morphological study (see appendix for the exact localities).

FIGURE 1 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 1. Number of scincine skink species described per decade in Madagascar. The dark line represents the cumulated data. Dataset based on the species recognised by Glaw & Vences (2007), with addition of two species subsequently described by Köhler et al. (2009, 2010).

FIGURE 2 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

FIGURE 2. Schematic drawings of the holotype of Madascincus arenicola sp. nov. (ZSM 1565/2008); (A) dorsal, (B) ventral and (C) lateral view of the right side of the head, (D) detail of right eye. Scale bars = 1 mm.