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Figure 1. L in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 1. L. militaris (female) after seven days of submergence in brine showing the unpreserved internal organs.
Fig. 12 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'
Fig. 12. Tegument variation in Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. A. Tridimensional alveolar microsculpture of the elytra in S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.. B. Rivose microsculpture on the external side of metaventrite in S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., humeral carina, feature present also in S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1869) and in about two-fifths of the studied specimens of S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920).
Dung beetle community 2017/18
<b>Description: </b><p>Dung beetle community at SAFE and LOMBOK rivers 2017/8</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/85"><b>Effects of habitat modification and fragmentation on dung beetle biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 216433953.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>SaBC (Research licence Access licence number JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (63))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3906441">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_LOMBOK_Rivers_Dung_Beetle_2017_2018.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_LOMBOK_Rivers_Dung_Beetle_2017_2018.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Dung beetle community dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Beetles)</p><p>Description: Abundance of beetle species at pitfall traps baited with human faeces</p><p>Number of fields: 56</p><p>Number of data rows: 144</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE & LOMBOK Rivers (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date trap set to date collected (48 hours) (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Caccobius_bawangensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_dayacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_renaudpauliani</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_agnus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_ramosiceps</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_sinicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_doriae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._deliensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._liliputanus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._limbatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._nr._aff._rutilans</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._peninsularis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._rutilans</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aphodiodes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._aurifex</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._batillifer</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._borneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._brendelli</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._cervicapra</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._deflexicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._dux</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._fujiii</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._incisus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_agg.</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._kawaharai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._laevis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._mulleri</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._nigriobscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._rutilans_aborneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._obscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._pacificus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._pastillatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._pavidus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._rorarius</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._rudis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._rugicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._semiaureus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._semicupreus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._trituber</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._vulpes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>O._waterstradti</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_dytiscoides</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_masumotoi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_maurus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_sparsus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_striatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Proagoderus_watanabei</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Sisyphus_thoracicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Synapsis_ritsemae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Yvescambefortius_sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2017-04-10 to 2018-04-05</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._hidakai] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._liliputanus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._limbatus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._peninsularis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._rutilans] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aurifex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendelli</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._indacorius_agg.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus mulleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._nr._aff._rutilans] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans aborneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br></div><p></p>
Figure 1 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 1. Geographical localization of Chapada dos Guimarães (Pantanal–Cerrado Border), Mato Grosso, Brazil and its sampled sites.
Figure 1 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 1 Map indicating the location of the study area within the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The detail illustrates the spatial organization of the plots following the RAPELD protocol. Plots 1, 7, 8, and 9 – Typical savanna, Plots 2, 4, 5, and 10 – Open savanna, Plot 3 – Gallery forest, Plot 6 – Deciduous forest.
Figure 2 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 2 Sample-size-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves (q = 0) of dung beetles collected with pitfall traps in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP), state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The numbers in parentheses are the sample size and the observed Hill numbers for each reference sample. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 5 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 5 Mantel correlogram between dung beetle community and pairwise distance of plots in the four plant formations of the Serra Azul State Park (SASP), state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Positive significant values indicate a positive autocorrelation, while significant negative values have the opposite interpretation. Significant values are represented by red circle.
Figure 4 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 4 Rank abundances of dung beetles compared among the four plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP), state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The letters indicate the more abundant species: (A) Eurysternus caribaeus, (B) Dichotomius aff. carbonarius, (C) Onthophagus aff. hirculus, (D) Eurysternus nigrovirens, (E) Canthon aff. simulans, (F) Onthophagus buculus, (G) Oxysternon palemo, (H) Canthon fortemarginatus, (I) Canthidium aff. barbacenicum.
Figure 3 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 3 Proportions of the three guilds of dung beetle by abundance and richness compared among the four plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP), summing both trap types (pitfall, FIT).
Figure 6 from: Silva JL, Silva RJ, Fernandes IM, Sousa WO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ (2020) Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e58960
Figure 6 Ordination (PCoA) of the beetle assemblages in each plant formation in Serra Azul State Park (SASP), state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, with the vectors of spatial attributes (dbMEM).
Data from: Brood ball-mediated transmission of microbiome members in the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Insects feeding on plant sap, blood, and other nutritionally incomplete diets are typically associated with mutualistic bacteria that supplement missing nutrients. Herbivorous mammal dung contains more than 86% cellulose and lacks amino acids essential for insect development and reproduction. Yet one of the most ecologically necessary and evolutionarily successful groups of beetles, the dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) feeds primarily, or exclusively, on dung. These associations suggest that dung beetles may benefit from mutualistic bacteria that provide nutrients missing from dung. The nesting behaviors of the female parent and the feeding behaviors of the larvae suggest that a microbiome could be vertically transmitted from the parental female to her offspring through the brood ball. Using sterile rearing and a combination of molecular and culture-based techniques, we examine transmission of the microbiome in the bull-headed dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. Beetles were reared on autoclaved dung and the microbiome was characterized across development. A ~1425 bp region of the 16S rRNA identified Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Comamonadaceae as the most common bacterial families across all life stages and populations, including cultured isolates from the 3rd instar digestive system. Finer level phylotyping analyses based on lepA and gyrB amplicons of cultured isolates placed the isolates closest to Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia stuartii, Pusillimonas sp., Pedobacter heparinus, and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Scanning electron micrographs of brood balls constructed from sterile dung reveals secretions and microbes only in the chamber the female prepares for the egg. The use of autoclaved dung for rearing, the presence of microbes in the brood ball and offspring, and identical 16S rRNA sequences in both parent and offspring suggests that the O. taurus female parent transmits specific microbiome members to her offspring through the brood chamber. The transmission of the dung beetle microbiome highlights the maintenance and likely importance of this newly-characterized bacterial community.
Data from: Developmental and ecological benefits of the maternally transmitted microbiota in a dung beetle
To complete their development, diverse animal species rely on the presence of communities of symbiotic microbiota that are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring. In the dung beetle genus Onthophagus, newly hatched larvae acquire maternal gut symbionts by the consumption of a maternal fecal secretion known as the pedestal. Here, we investigate the role of pedestal symbionts in mediating the normal development of Onthophagus gazella. Through the stepwise removal of environmental and maternal sources of microbial inoculation, we find that pedestal microbiota can enhance both overall growth and developmental rate in O. gazella. Further, we find that the beneficial effects of symbionts on developmental outcomes are amplified in the presence of ecologically relevant temperature and desiccation stressors. Collectively, our results suggest that the pedestal may provide an adaptive function by transmitting beneficial microbiota to developing dung beetle larvae and that the importance of microbiota for developmental and fitness outcomes may be context dependent.
Data from: Linking species thermal tolerance to elevational range shifts in upland dung beetles
Climate warming has been proposed as the main cause of the recent range shifts seen in many species. Although species' thermal tolerances are thought to play a key role in determining responses to climate change, especially in ectotherms, empirical evidence is still limited. We investigate the connection between species' thermal tolerances, elevational range and shifts in the lower elevational limit of dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Aphodiidea) in an upland region in the northwest of England. We measured thermal tolerances in the laboratory, and used current and historical distribution data to test specific hypotheses about the area's three dominant species, particularly the species most likely to suffer from warming: Agollinus lapponum. We found marked differences between species in their minimum and maximum thermal tolerance and in their elevational range and patterns of abundance. Overall, differences in thermal limits among species matched the abundance patterns along the elevation gradient expected if distributions were constrained by climate. A. lapponum abundance increased with elevation and this species showed lower maximum and minimum thermal limits than Acrossus depressus, for which abundance declined with elevation. Consistent with lower tolerance to high temperature, we recorded an uphill retreat of the low elevation limit of A. lapponum (177 m over 57 years) in line with the increase in summer temperature observed in the region over the same period. Moreover, this species has been replaced at low and mid-elevations by the other two warm-tolerant species (A. depressus and Agrilinus ater). Our results provide empirical evidence that species' thermal tolerance constrains elevational ranges and contributes to explain the observed responses to climate warming. A mechanistic understanding of how climate change directly affects species, such as the one presented here, will provide a robust base to inform predictions of how individual species and whole assemblages may change in the future.
Data from: A link between heritable parasite resistance and mate choice in dung beetles
Parasites play a central role in the adaptiveness of sexual reproduction. Sexual selection theory suggests a role for parasite resistance in the context of mate choice, but the evidence is mixed. The parasite-mediated sexual selection (PMSS) hypothesis derives a number of predictions, among which that resistance to parasites is heritable, and that female choice favours parasite resistance genes in males. Here we tested the PMSS hypothesis using the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus, a species that can be heavily parasitised by Macrocheles merdarius mites, which are known to affect adult survival. We investigated the heritability of resistance to M. merdarius, as well as whether female O. taurus impose a mating bias against males susceptible to mite infestation. Female choice for parasite resistance is difficult to disentangle from the possibility that females are simply choosing less parasitised males due to naturally selected benefits of avoiding contracting those parasites. This is especially likely for ectoparasites, such as mites. We tackled this problem by performing a mate choice trial first, and then measuring a male's resistance to mite infestation. Resistance to mite infestation exhibited significant levels of additive genetic variance. Although we found no relationship between mating success and parasite resistance, males with greater resistance to infestation mated for longer. If females control copula duration, given that short copulations often result in mating failure, female choice could act on parasite resistance.
Data from: Dung beetles reduce livestock gastrointestinal parasite availability on pasture
Anthelmintics are widely used to control gastrointestinal parasites of livestock. However, the residues of these compounds, particularly the macrocyclic lactones, are excreted largely unmetabolised in faeces, where they may have toxic effects on dung-colonising insects. Impoverishment of the coprophagous beetle community impairs the process of dung recycling and, as a result, may enhance the persistence of dung-dwelling helminth parasitic stages. To test this possibility, a large-scale field trial was conducted in south-west England. The availability of infective parasite helminth larvae (L3) was investigated on the herbage around 240 artificial 1 kg dung pats that had been constructed from the faeces of beef cattle with naturally acquired strongyle infections. Herbage up to 15 cm surrounding each pat was sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after deposition. Pats were subject to enhanced, natural or no dung beetle colonisation and uncontrolled or enhanced rainfall. Under uncontrolled rainfall conditions, 2 weeks after pat deposition, significantly more L3 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle colonisation than from pats that were not colonised. However, by week 8, significantly fewer L3 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle colonisation compared to uncolonised pats. Under conditions of enhanced rainfall, pats yielded significantly more L3 than under uncontrolled rainfall conditions, and there were no differences in recovery from herbage around pats with enhanced, natural, or no beetle colonisation. The data suggest that over the duration of a summer grazing season, temperate habitat dung colonizing insect communities, which include mainly small endocoprid dung beetles of the genus Aphodius, can reduce the development and survival of livestock gastrointestinal parasites on pastures, but that this can be overridden by the effect of high rainfall. Synthesis and applications. The work demonstrates that conservation of dung beetle populations in temperate climates is important in livestock management, not only for their essential role in dung degradation and nutrient cycling, but because their activity can also reduce the survival and availability of gastrointestinal parasites on pastures.
Data from: A costly chemical trait: phenotypic condition dependence of cuticular hydrocarbons in a dung beetle
Chemical traits are increasingly recognised as important cues used in mate choice. For example, the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of insects have been shown to influence mating success in a range of taxa. Less is known, however, about how CHCs are expressed in proportion to an individual's condition, and consequently whether CHCs can function as condition dependent signals of quality. We investigated this question using the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. CHCs are subject to sexual selection in this species through mate choice. A dietary manipulation revealed condition dependence of CHC expression for both sexes: dietary restriction decreased overall CHC production and altered the composition of CHCs. Furthermore, CHC production was associated with a measure of condition in beetles fed a limited diet but not those fed ad libitum. These results implicate a resource cost to CHC production that is likely to result in trade-offs with other fitness components in this species, as these respond similarly to a dietary restriction. The CHC profiles showed sexual dimorphism: males produced more CHCs and the sexes differed in the blend of compounds they produced. There was evidence for a male dimorphism in the CHC profile, in line with the presence of the alternative reproductive tactics (minor sneaks and major fighters) in this species. However, rather than mimicking a female CHC profile, minor males differed more from females than major males. Our results suggest that CHCs are a costly trait in O. taurus that has the potential to act as a condition dependent signal of quality.
FIGURE 4 in New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
FIGURE 4. Frontolateral view of Onthophagus xiphias Solís & Kohlmann, sp. nov. (holotype).
FIGURE 2 in New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus of Onthophagus notiodes Solís & Kohlmann, sp. nov. (holotype).
FIGURE 1 in New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Copris tridentatus Solís & Kohlmann, sp. nov. (holotype).
FIGURE 6 in New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Trichillum arcus Solís & Kohlmann, sp. nov. (holotype).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.