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FIGURES 33–38 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 33–38. Light micrographs, showing colonies and chloroplast information of living diatoms. Fig. 33. Serratifera parkii. Fig. 34. Serratifera punctata. Fig. 35. Serratifera rhombica. Fig. 36. Serratifera sourniae. Fig. 37. Serratifera takanoi. Fig. 38. Stauroforma rinceana. Scale bar in Fig. 35, 20 µm; all other scale bars, 10 µm.

FIGURES 211–216 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 211–216. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella boltonii (Oval specimens, wild material). Figs 211–214. External views. Figs 215–216. Internal views. Figs 211–216. Material from Sandwich Harbor lagoon, Namibia.

FIGURES 191–198 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 191–198. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella boltonii (type material SZCZCH1528, culture). Figs 191–192. External views, showing apically elliptical areolae, the presence of small granules located on the vimines (indicated by arrow) and branched volae (indicated by arrowhead), projecting from apical side of areolae. Fig. 193. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 194. Oblique external view, showing two rows of areolae located on mantle. Fig. 195. Close up of external valve, showing foot pole APF ornamented by lateral projections (indicated by arrow). Fig. 196. Close up of internal valve, showing foot pole APF composed by four vertical rows of one to two round pores. Fig. 197. Oblique external valve, showing four rows of areolae on mantle and the presence of mantle plaques (indicated by arrow). Fig. 198. Girdle view, showing plain and open copulae (indicated by arrow).

FIGURES 21–32 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 21–32. Light micrographs, showing colonies and chloroplast information of living diatoms. Fig. 21. Opephora pacifica. Figs 22–27. Plagiostriata baltica. Fig. 28. Pseudostaurosira madagascariensis. Fig. 29. Serratifera andersonii. Fig. 30. Serratifera sp. (S. cf. andersonii). Fig. 31. Serratifera brevis. Fig. 32. Serratifera clavata. Scale bars, 10 µm.

FIGURES 184–190 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 184–190. Scanning electron micrographs of Cratericulifera crinigera (type material HK506, culture). Fig. 184. External view, showing crater-like (indicated by arrow) external opening of areolae. Fig. 185. Girdle view, showing one row of areola on valve mantle. Fig. 186. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 187. Apical pore field, showing the depression (indicated by arrow) of apical pore field externally. Fig. 188. Internal apical pore field, composed by three round pores. Fig. 189. Girdle view, showing valvocopula perforated by two horizontal rows of poroids, upper one larger (indicated by arrowhead) and lower one smaller (indicated by arrow), and copulae as well bearing two horizontal rows of poroids, the size of which are similar (indicated by arrows). Fig. 190. External and internal valve views.

FIGURES 205–210 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 205–210. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella boltonii (clavate to elliptical specimens, wild material). Figs 205–208. External views. Figs 209–210. Internal views. Figs 205–206, 209–210. Material from Sandwich Harbor lagoon, Namibia. Figs 207–208. Material from Kraalbaai, South Africa.

FIGURE 2 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURE 2. The first part of the small-celled clade cut from the whole phylogenetic tree (Fig. S1). Taxa in bold are newly described species. Support values greater than 50 (ML) and 0.5 (BI) are shown at nodes.

FIGURES 269–274 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 269–274. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella panicellus (other specimens and wild material). Figs 269–270, 273. External views. Figs 271–272, 274. Internal views. Figs 273–274. Wild material from Sandwich harbor, Namibia.

FIGURES 222–227 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 222–227. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella arenaria (type material s0393, culture), Fig. 222. External view, showing apically-elliptical areolae. Fig. 223. Close up of central part for the specimen in fig. 222, showing volae projecting from apical side of areola, and often two oppositely pointing volae per areola. Fig. 224. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 225. Close up of central part of specimen in fig. 224, showing branched volae. Fig. 226. Girdle view, showing plain copulae and wider valvocopulae. Fig. 227. Complete frustules.

FIGURES 247–252 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 247–252. Scanning electron micrographs of Gedaniella flavovirens (cultures), showing variations of the number of areolae on mantle and structure of the linking spines within different populations. Note the detail of linking spines in Figs 248 and 249; in Fig. 248, linking spines have simple expanded ends which anchor the two neighbouring cells, whereas in Fig. 249 the spines have serrated margins. In all populations the connecting spines have some form of lateral projection directed both above and below the plane of the valve face, in some cases even completely occluding the mantle areolae. Fig. 247. Clone SZCZCH1276, Resko Lake, Baltic Sea, Poland. Fig. 248. Clone SZCZCH1268, Resko Lake, Baltic Sea, Poland. Fig. 249. Clone SZCZM1465, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Fig. 250. Clone SZCZCH1277, Dalian, Yellow Sea, China. Fig. 251. Clone SZCZCH154, Gdansk, Baltic Sea, Poland. Fig. 252. Clone CCMP2653, Chile, South Pacific.

FIGURE 4. Orleanesia yauaperyensis Barbosa Rodrigues. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence stem. C in Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Orleanesia (Laeliinae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)

FIGURE 4. Orleanesia yauaperyensis Barbosa Rodrigues. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence stem. C. Flower in frontal view. D. Details of perianth parts. E–F. Floral sheaths. G. Gynostemium posterior view. H. Gynostemium lateral view. I. Anther dorsal view. J. Anther ventral view. K. Pollinias (A.H. Krahl 359). Illustrated by A.H. Krahl.

FIGURE 3 in Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Orleanesia (Laeliinae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)

FIGURE 3. Map of the geographic distribution of Orleanesia based upon herbarium specimens. Symbols accompanied by asterisk (*) indicate information extracted from previous publications.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Orleanesia (Laeliinae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)

FIGURE 2. Character reconstruction over the majority consensus tree of Bayesian inference obtained from the morphological character matrix from which homoplasies (white circles) and homologies (black circles) can be inferred. Characters numbers are listed in Table 1. The optimization of character states was done with unambiguous changes only through the Winclada program.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Orleanesia (Laeliinae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)

FIGURE 1. Majority consensus tree of Bayesian inference with posterior probabilities followed by bootstrap support (>50%) from the analysis of maximum parsimony of the nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK) regions combined together with the characters of the morphological matrix. In detail, the topology of Bayesian inference showing relative branch lengths.

FIGURE 3. The 50 in Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis

FIGURE 3. The 50% majority-rule consensus trees of the MrBayes posterior sample from the molecular (left) and morphological (right) analyses. Numbers at nodes indicate clade support (parsimony bootstrap│ Bayesian posterior probability), with only bootstrap values ≥ 75 % and posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 being shown. Black dots indicate species placed outside of the named, morphologically-coherent groups indicated by shaded boxes (see text). Patterned shading indicates morphological groupings that receive no support. Node labels are the same in the two trees, although where the species composition of each clade differs by one or more species, the prime symbol (′) is appended to the clade label.

FIGURE 4. The 50 in Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis

FIGURE 4. The 50% majority-rule consensus of the MrBayes posterior tree sample based on DNA sequence data combined with morphological characters. Numbers at nodes indicate parsimony bootstrap│ Bayesian posterior probabilities that are ≥ 75 % and ≥ 0.95, respectively. Shaded boxes indicate morphologically-coherent, well-supported clades mentioned in the text. Asterisks indicate species whose phylogenetic placement is unsupported.

FIGURE 1 in Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis

FIGURE 1. Morphological variation in the Relhania group of genera. A: Re. speciosa ("Re. calycina clade"), perennial shrublet with large, solitary, sessile capitula and pungent, parallel-veined leaves; B: Nestlera biennis ("short-lived clade"), biennial with linear leaves bearing stalked glands; C: Oedera capensis ("compound-headed clade"), perennial with capitula congested into a compound secondary head, individual heads discernable by their centripetal floral maturation; D: Rhynchopsidium pumilum ("short-lived clade"), annual with linear leaves bearing stalked glands; E: Re. pungens ("Re. calycina clade"), perennial with large, solitary capitula and acute, parallelveined leaves; F: Oedera viscosa ("glabrous-leaved clade"); perennial with glabrous, subterete, fleshy, densely glandular-punctate leaves and multiple small capitula; G: Re. spathulifolia ("Re. fruticosa clade"); perennial with obtuse, white-felted leaves; H: Comborhiza virgata, perennial with fasciculate foliage covered with slender-stalked glands; and I: Rosenia glandulosa ("Rosenia clade"); perennial with fasciculate leaves bearing pillar-shaped glands. All photographs N.Bergh.

FIGURE 2. The 50 in Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis

FIGURE 2. The 50% majority-rule consensus of the MrBayes posterior tree sample based on combined nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data, including all accessions. Numbers at nodes indicate clade support (parsimony bootstrap│ Bayesian posterior probability); only bootstrap values ≥ 75 % and posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are indicated. Asterisks indicate species that were not placed within one of the named clades. Shaded boxes indicate the named clades; these represent morphologically-coherent groups mentioned in the text.

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FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree with bootstrap values inferred from trnL-F in Revisit of European-Asiatic connections in Tayloria rudolphiana (Splachnaceae, Bryophyta) based on molecular data and new morphological evidence

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree with bootstrap values inferred from trnL-F sequences (accession numbers after each species name obtained from Genbank) based on Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony analyses. Values above the branches indicate bootstrap (>50%) and numbers below the branches indicate PP values of Bayesian.