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Fig. 14 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 14. Hemipenis of Geophis bellus, new species. Everted organ of holotype shown in sulcate and asulcate views, ×10. The drawing is a composite, based on left hemipenis except that the lobes are added from right organ (see footnote 15). The relatively large capitulum is nearly acalyculate, with weak calyces being confined to the small lobes.

Fig. 17 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 17. Hemipenis of Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger. Left organ of FMNH 43727 from Colombia (no other data) shown left to right in sulcate and asulcate view, ×5.9.

Fig. 8 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 8. Type locality of Atractus darienensis, at 500m base camp in forest on northern end of the Serranía de Pirre (see fig. 7). Early dry season (January 14, 1966); within two weeks after this photograph, the saturated ground surface dried and there was abundant leaf fall, with the forest seeming to be nearly 50% deciduous. The crest of the serranía supports dense cloud forest (illustrated in Myers, 1982).

Fig. 9 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 9. Heads of three new species of Panamanian Atractus, all holotypes ×3.8. A. A. darienensis. B. A. hostilitractus. C. A. imperfectus.

Fig. 7 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 7. Northern end of the Serranía de Pirre, as seen looking SSE from a distance of 15–20 km at El Real, 20 m elevation (December 1965). The twin breastlike peaks were determined by altimeter to be 960 m and 1000 m (from left to right); the still higher prominence (1110 m) farther south is Cerro Cituro (wrongly identified on some maps as ''Cerro Pirre'', which lies still farther south at about 1550 m). Arrow indicates general region of the type locality of Atractus darienensis—a temporary base camp at 500 m elevation, established prior to exploring higher reaches of the serranía. See figure 8.

Fig. 6 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 6. Atractus darienensis, new species. The holotype in life (KU 110274). The reflective scale surfaces cause the color pattern to be less evident in life than in preservative (compare with fig. 1B).

Fig. 3 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 3. Heads of Panamanian Atractus; holotypes shown ×5, except ×2.7 for one large species. A. A. clarki Dunn and Bailey (MCZ 28800). B. A. darienensis, new species (KU 110274). C. A. hostilitractus, new species (AMNH 130330). D. A. imperfectus, new species (MCZ 50213). E. A. depressiocellus, new species (AMNH 119876).

Fig. 4 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 4. The second known specimen of Atractus clarki (MCZ 133013), from an unspecified locality in the Colombian Chocó, ×1.2.

Fig. 1 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 1. Panamanian Atractus: Holotypes in dorsal view. A. A. clarki Dunn and Bailey (MCZ 28800), ×1.0. B. A. darienensis, new species (KU 110274), ×0.8. C. A. depressiocellus, new species (AMNH 119876), ×0.4. D. A. hostilitractus, new species (AMNH 130330), ×0.8. See figure 10 for a fifth Panamanian species (Atractus imperfectus, new species).

Fig. 2 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 2. Panamanian Atractus: Holotypes in ventral view. A. A. clarki. B. A. darienensis. C. A. depressiocellus. D. A. hostilitractus. Specimens shown ×0.4–1.0 as given individually in figure 1. See figure 10 for the fifth Panamanian species (Atractus imperfectus).

FIGURE 10 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 10. SEM micrograph of the damaged egg of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Egg full length with anterior end upper left. B. Anterior end showing hexagonal chorionic pattern becoming elongated toward micropyle (arrow). C. Close-up of hexagonal patterning at midbody. D. Close-up of rectangle in C. E. Micropyle (arrow) and adjoining chorion removed from egg.

FIGURE 7 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 7. Drone of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 4 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 4. Worker of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Forewing (arrow indicates termination of radius on leading edge of wing). B. Outer surface of metatibia and metatarsus. C. Inner surface of metatibia and metatarsus.

FIGURE 3 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 3. Worker of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Dorsal detail of head and mesosoma. B. Facial view. C. Integumental sculpture of mesosomal dorsum.

FIGURE 17 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 17. Nest of Melipona favosa (Fabricius) in the base of a large Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae), in La Guajira, Colombia (photographs by M.S. Engel). A. Worker at entrance made of mud in a radiating pattern. B. Detail of guard at nest entrance. C. Worker departing nest entrance.

FIGURE 1 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of La Guajira Department and neighboring areas in northern Colombia, with inset showing location of map within Colombia (rectangle). Pink outline defines the territory of the Wayuú, the dots the location where nests of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species, were found, with the green dot representing the type locality. Map produced using the SimpleMappr tool (Shorthouse, 2010).

FIGURE 6 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 6. Queen of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Facial view. B. Dorsal detail of head and mesosoma. C. Outer surface of metatibia and metatarsus.

FIGURE 9 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 9. Male terminalia of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Sternum VI. B. Sternum VII. C. Genital capsule (left half is dorsal, right half is ventral).

FIGURE 2 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 2. Worker of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 5 in Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 5. Queen of Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.