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1,456 results for “parallelism”
Data set for "Pose-estimation methods for underactuated cable-driven parallel robots"
<p>See the attached readme file</p>
Data from: How parallel is parallel evolution? A comparative analysis in fishes
Evidence of phenotypic parallelism is often used to infer the deterministic role played by natural selection. However, variation in the extent or direction of divergence is often evident among independent evolutionary replicates, raising the following question: just how parallel, overall, is parallel evolution? We answer this question through a comparative analysis of studies of fishes, a taxon where parallel evolution has been much discussed. We first ask how much of the among-population variance in phenotypic traits can be explained by different "environment" types, such as high predation versus low predation or benthic versus limnetic. We then use phenotypic change vector analysis to quantify variation in the direction (vector angles) and magnitude (vector lengths) of environment-associated divergence. All analyses show high variation in the extent of parallelism—from very high to very low, along with everything in between—highlighting the importance of quantifying parallelism rather than just asserting its presence. Interestingly, instances of low extents of parallelism represent important components of divergence in many cases, promising considerable opportunities for inferences about the factors shaping phenotypic divergence.
Epidermal Growth Factor signaling promotes sleep through a combined series and parallel neural circuit
<p>Sleep requires sleep-active neurons that depolarize to inhibit wake circuits. Sleep-active neurons are under the control of homeostatic mechanisms that determine sleep need. However, little is known about the molecular and circuit mechanisms that translate sleep need into the depolarization of sleep-active neurons. During many stages and conditions in <i>C. elegans</i>, sleep requires a sleep-active neuron called RIS. Here, we defined the transcriptome of RIS to discover that genes of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway are expressed in RIS. With cellular stress, EGFR directly activates RIS. Activation of EGFR signaling in the ALA neuron has previously been suggested to promote sleep independently of RIS. Unexpectedly, we found that ALA activation promotes RIS depolarization. Our results suggest that ALA is a drowsiness neuron with two separable functions. (1) It inhibits specific behaviors such as feeding independently of RIS, (2) and it activates RIS. Whereas ALA plays a strong role in surviving cellular stress, surprisingly, RIS does not. In summary, EGFR signaling can depolarize RIS by an indirect mechanism through activation of the ALA neuron that acts upstream of the sleep-active RIS neuron as well as through a direct mechanism using EGFR signaling in RIS. ALA-dependent drowsiness rather than RIS-dependent sleep bouts appears to be important for increasing survival following cellular stress, suggesting that different types of behavioral inhibition play different roles in restoring health.</p>
DNA breathing initiated DNA parallel circuits with nanopore readout
<p>Fluorescence and nanopore current data are provided here accompanying the publication.</p>
Figure 3 in Parallelism in secondary loss of sex from a heterogonic life cycle on different host plants in the Andricus mukaigawae complex (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with taxonomic notes
Figure 3. The life cycles, gall shape of unisexual generation, and suggested changes in the Andricus mukaigawae complex.
Data for: Predation risk and the evolution of a vertebrate stress response: parallel evolution of stress reactivity and sexual dimorphism
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Predation risk is often invoked to explain variation in stress responses. Yet, the answers to several key questions remain elusive, including: 1) how predation risk influences the evolution of stress phenotypes, 2) the relative importance of environmental versus genetic factors in stress reactivity, and 3) sexual dimorphism in stress physiology. To address these questions, we </span></span>explored variation in stress reactivity (ventilation frequency) in a post-Pleistocene radiation of live-bearing fish, where Bahamas mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia hubbsi</i>) inhabit isolated blue holes that differ in predation risk. Individuals of populations coexisting with predators exhibited similar, relatively low stress reactivity as compared to low-predation populations. We suggest that this dampened stress reactivity has evolved to reduce energy expenditure in environments with frequent and intense stressors, such as piscivorous fish. Importantly, the magnitude of stress responses exhibited by fish from high-predation sites in the wild changed very little after two generations of laboratory rearing in the absence of predators. By comparison, low-predation populations exhibited greater among-population variation and larger changes subsequent to laboratory rearing. These low-predation populations appear to have evolved more dampened stress responses in blue holes with lower food availability. Moreover, females showed a lower ventilation frequency, and this sexual dimorphism was stronger in high-predation populations. This may reflect a greater premium placed on energy efficiency in live-bearing females, especially under high predation risk where females show higher fecundities. Altogether, by demonstrating parallel adaptive divergence in stress reactivity, we highlight how energetic trade-offs may mould the evolution of the vertebrate stress response under varying predation risk and resource availability.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 3 in Parallel evolution in molar outline of murine rodents: the case of the extinct Malpaisomys insularis (Eastern Canary Islands)
Figure 3. Morphological differentiation of the dental outline among murine rodents. A, upper molars. Group means on CA1 and 2. Dotted lines show the fossil lineages leading from Progonomys hispanicus to Occitanomys and to Stephanomys, and from Pr. cathalai to Paraethomys. Outlines correspond to some group means. B, upper molars, CA1 and 3. C, lower molars, CA1 and 2. For locality and sample abbreviations see Table 1.
The development and validation of an Inhomogeneous Wind Scheme for Urban Street, part C: parallel CFD simulations
<p>The CFD simulation results of parallel scenerios.</p>
Data for "A massively parallel double selection workflow for the evolution of molecular switches based on surface-display in Escherichia coli" by Givelet, et al., 2023
<p>Data related to a publication on "A massively parallel double selection workflow for the evolution of molecular switches based on surface-display in Escherichia coli"</p> <p> </p> <p>The data contains</p> <p>- FACS data for the images (organized in folders)<br> - images (tiff and jpg)<br> - sequence data (fasta)<br> - one video (mov)</p>
Interaction between mutation type and gene pleiotropy drives parallel evolution in the laboratory
<p><span>What causes evolution to be repeatable is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Pleiotropy, i.e. the effect of an allele on multiple traits, is thought to enhance repeatability by constraining the number of available beneficial mutations. Additionally, pleiotropy may promote repeatability by allowing large fitness benefits of single mutations via adaptive combinations of phenotypic effects. Yet, this latter evolutionary potential may be reaped solely by specific types of mutations able to realize optimal combinations of phenotypic effects while avoiding the costs of pleiotropy. Here, we address the interaction of gene pleiotropy and mutation type on evolutionary repeatability in a meta-analysis of experimental evolution studies with <em>Escherichia coli</em>. We hypothesize that single-nucleotide polymorphisms are principally able to yield large fitness benefits by targeting highly pleiotropic genes, whereas indels and structural variants provide smaller benefits and are restricted to genes with lower pleiotropy. By using gene connectivity as proxy for pleiotropy, we show that nondisruptive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in highly pleiotropic genes yield the largest fitness benefits, since they contribute more to parallel evolution, especially in large populations, than inactivating SNPs, indels and structural variants. Our findings underscore the importance of considering genetic architecture together with mutation type for understanding evolutionary repeatability.</span></p>
Randomised Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis:Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sub-Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02092961. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 11. Publications: 0.
Prevention, Randomized, Open Label, Active Control, Parallel Assignment, Safety/Efficacy Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00381615. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Parallel Group, Placebo-Controlled, Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy Study of OPC-14117 in HIV Dementia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002148. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Comparative Study and a Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-label, Long-term Study of SYR-472 (25 mg) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02512068. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The RENEW Trial: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Masked, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Adaptive Phase 3 Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Subjects With Dry Eye Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03879863. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Using a Systematic Review in Clinical Decision Making: a Pilot Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02414360. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
An Open-label, Non-randomized, Parallel Group Study in Subjects With Mild and Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency and Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01767103. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel, Group Dose-Response, Study of E2014 in Patients WIth Spasmodic Torticollis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00165776. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A 4-week, Randomized, Rater-blinded, Parallel Study to Evaluate Quetiapine in Improving Sleep Quality of Schizophrenia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00642369. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Assessment of Root Parallelism Following Orthodontic Treatment in Adolescent vs Adult Patients Treated With Maxillary First Premolar Extraction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04139174. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.