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Fig. 3 in Polyclinum constellatum (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), an emerging non-indigenous species of the Mediterranean Sea: integrated taxonomy and the importance of reliable DNA barcode data Abstract

Fig. 3: A) Whole zooid of Polyclinum constellatum, showing a clear division into thorax, abdomen and post-abdomen with a long vascular stolon. ab, abdomen; pa, post-abdomen; th, thorax; vs, vascular stolon; B) Zooid with evident pharynx, rectum, anus and four embryos incubated in the atrial cavity. The funnel-shaped oesophagus, the smooth stomach and the twisted gut loop are visible in the abdomen. The post-abdomen shows the heart at its terminal end, as well as several rounded testicular follicles and the ovary, with the gonoducts running parallel to the rectum. an, anus; e, embryos; gd, gonoducts; gl, gut loop; oe, oesophagus; ov, ovary; h, heart; r, rectum; st, stomach; tf, testicular follicles; C) Magnification of the oral siphon with six pointed lobes (arrows) and six longitudinal muscle bands (indicated with numbers 1-6); D) Branchial sac with 18 rows of stigmata and narrow languets of the dorsal lamina (arrows); E) Magnification of the pharynx, with minute papillae (arrows) at the level of the transverse vessels; F) Magnification of the six-lobed anus (lobes indicated with numbers 1-6).

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Fig. 1 in Polyclinum constellatum (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), an emerging non-indigenous species of the Mediterranean Sea: integrated taxonomy and the importance of reliable DNA barcode data Abstract

Fig. 1: Map of the Mediterranean Sea showing the literature records (black rhombuses) of P. constellatum and the new findings (red dots). performed in a final reaction volume of 25 μl contain- nus was reconstructed with the online software PHYML ing: 1X reaction buffer with 1 mM final concentration of v3.0 (http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/phyml-sms/) (Guin- MgCl 2 (Takara Bio Inc.), 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 0.3 μM don & Gascuel, 2003), which also includes the automatof each primer and 1.25 Units of PrimeStar HS (Takara ic model selection algorithm SMS (Smart Model Selec- Bio Inc.). Amplification conditions were: 30 cycles with tion). The best-fit substitution model was selected using denaturation for 10 s at 98°C, annealing for 15 s at 46°C the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Bootstrap val- or 50°C, extension for 1 min 30 s at 72°C; a final elonga- ues, indicating node reliability, were based on 100 reption step of 5 min at 72°C. licates. The sequence dataset used for this phylogenetic PCRs with the DreamTaq polymerase were performed reconstruction is reported in Supplementary Table S1 and in a final volume of 25 μl containing: 1X reaction buffer was extracted from the phylogenetic dataset published in with 2 mM final concentration of MgCl 2 (Thermo Fish- Tabudravu et al. (2019). It includes representative species er Scientific), 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 0.4 μM of each of of the Polyclinidae family plus Eudistoma and Pseudodithe two primers, and 1.25 Units of DreamTaq polymerase stoma species chosen as outgroups for their morphologi- (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The amplification conditions cal similarities with Polyclinidae. were as follows: an initial denaturation for 3 min at 95°C, then 34 amplification cycles (denaturation for 30 s at 95°C; annealing for 30 s at 46-50°C; extension for 1 min Results 30 s at 72°C) followed by a final elongation step of 5 min at 72°C. Morphological analyses The obtained amplicons were purified with the DNA Clean&Concentrator kit (Zymo Research) and directly The colonies collected in Taranto harbour and Hersequenced according to the Sanger method by Microsynth aklion marina were all morphologically identified as P. AG (Switzerland). The sequence quality check, compar- constellatum based on the following features: colonies isons and alignment were carried out with Geneious ver. without sand in/outside, zooids arranged in systems, 5.5.7.2 (Kearse et al., 2012). The sequences obtained post-abdomen (without vascular stolon) shorter than the were deposited in the GenBank database (see Accession thorax and abdomen combined, pharynx with 16-18 rows numbers MT873559 and OL597608). For comparative of stigmata, more than 15 stigmata per row, and a 6-lobed analyses, homologous sequences of the genus Polycli- anus. These characteristics are in accordance with the key num were searched for in the non-redundant nucleotide of Polyclinum species edited by Kott (1963) and they are database (nr-nt db, on 21st September 2021) of the NCBI also reported in the description of the species made by (National Center for Biotechnology Information) by En- Van Name (1945). trez text search, and by BLASTn (Altschul et al., 1990) using our P. constellatum sequences as the query. Uncorrected pairwise distances were calculated with PAUP 4.0a (Swofford, 2002), while a Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the genus Polyclinum ge-

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Fig. 5 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 5: Lepidonotus tenuisetosus, redrawn from Wehe (2006): A. Cephalic region, dorsal view. B. Second right elytron. C. Macrotubercles. D. Fringing papillae. E. Neurochaetae. Lepidonotus carinulatus, redrawn from Barnich & Fiege (2003): F. Cephalic region, dorsal view. G. Third right elytron. H. Lateral margin showing macrotubercles, digitiform papillae and fringing papillae. I. Neurochaetae. Lepidonotus carinulatus, redrawn from Wehe (2006): J. Cephalic region, dorsal view. K. Second right elytron. L. Macrotubercle. M. Carinate microtubercles and pigmentation. N. Digitiform papillae. O. Fringing papillae. P. Upper neurochaetae. Q. Lower neurochaetae.

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Fig. 2 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 2: Lepidonotus tenuisetosus. A. Whole body, dorsal view. B. Whole body, ventral view. C. Anterior region (without elytra), dorsal view. D. Anterior region (pharynx everted), dorsal view. E. Anterior region (pharynx everted), ventral view. F. Anterior region (pharynx everted), lateral view. G. Second elytra. H. Tenth elytron. I. Detail of fringing papillae from the tenth elytron. J. Detail of macrotubercles from the tenth elytron. K. Detail of microtubercles from tenth elytron.

Fig. 7 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 7: A, Prosthiostomum siphunculus; B, Pleioplana okusi. The arrow points the sperm mass. Abbreviations to the figures: cg, cement glands; dLv, Lang's vesicle duct; fp, female gonopore; i, intestine; Lv, Lang´s vesicle; mp, male gonopore; pv1, prostatic vesicle 1; pv2, prostatic vesicle 2; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; u, uterus; v, vagina. Scale bars: A: 200 µm; B: 200 µm.

Fig. 8 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 8: Pleioplana okusi. A, sagittal section of the prostatic vesicle; B, sagittal section of the ovary; C-D, sagittal section of the vagina and female atrium. The arrows point the sperm mass. Abbreviations to the figures: ch, tubular chamber of the prostatic vesicle; ed, ejaculatory duct; fg, female gonopore; o, ovary; pi, epidermal pigment; pp, penis papilla; pv, prostatic vesicle. Scale bars: A: 100 µm; B: 50 µm; C: 30 µm; D: 50 µm.

Fig. 5 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 5: Cryptocelis sinopae sp. nov. Sagittal reconstruction of reproductive system. Abbreviations to the figures: cg, cement gland; cmw, cirrus muscular wall; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; fa, female atrium; fg, female gonopore: gf, musculo-glandular fold; ma, male atrium; mb, muscular bulb; mg, male gonopore; pv, prostatic vesicle; se, secretory epithelium; vd, vas deferens; vf, vaginal fold. Scale bar: 1000 µm.

Fig. 3 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 3: Cryptocelis sinopae sp. nov. A, sagittal section of the male copulatory organ (vas deferens and prostatic vesicle); B, sagittal section of the ejaculatory duct, the arrow points the projection of the ejaculatory duct into the proximal prostatic vesicle; C, sagittal section of the male copulatory organ (cirrus and male atrium); D, sagittal section of the male copulatory apparatus (cirrus); E and E´, sagittal sections of the musculo-glandular folds; F, transversal diagram of the male atrium. Abbreviations to the figures: co, cirrus opening; cr, cirrus; ed, ejaculatory duct; gce, glandular cells; gf, musculo-glandular fold; gf 1, right musculo-glandular fold; gf 2, left musculo-glandular fold; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; ppv, proximal prostatic vesicle; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: A: 100 µm; B: 30 µm; C: 200 µm; D: 200 µm; E: 200 µm; E΄: 30 µm.

Fig. 1 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 1: Map of the coast of Turkey and the Black Sea showing the sampling site of the biodiversity studies carried out in the area, chronologically ordered. 1, Czerniavsky (1880); 2, Jacubowa (1909); 3, Murina et al. (1995); 4, Bulnes et al. (2009); 5, Bulnes (2010); 6, Çinar (2014); 7, Gözcelioğlu (2011); 8, Teker et al. (2017); 9, this study; M1, Liman-İskele; M2, Gazi Kayası; M3, Asma Kaya; M4, İnceburun-Başoz; M5, Üzümlü Dere.

Fig. 4 in Benthic hydrozoan assemblages as potential indicators of environmental health in a mediterranean marine protected area Abstract

Fig. 4: Two-dimensional nMDS representation of the similarity (Bray-Curtis) of hydrozoan assemblages among samples in the winter campaign. Samples displayed according to stations (numbers) and sampling depth (a), anthropogenic impact (b) and substrate type (c).

Fig. 2 in Benthic hydrozoan assemblages as potential indicators of environmental health in a mediterranean marine protected area Abstract

Fig. 2: Species numbers according to depth strata and total depth integrated species numbers in the study area.

Fig. 8 in Population dynamics and predatory impact of the alien jellyfish Aurelia solida (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Bizerte Lagoon (southwestern Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 8: Path diagram of the interaction between the abiotic (temperature, salinity) and biotic parameter (chlorophyll biomass, mesozooplankton and Aurelia solida) in Bizerte lagoon in 2013 and 2014.

Fig. 6 in Population dynamics and predatory impact of the alien jellyfish Aurelia solida (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Bizerte Lagoon (southwestern Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 6: Prey selectivity of Aurelia solida in Bizerte Lagoon during the present study; Har = Harpacticoids; Biv = bivalve larvae; Gas = gastropods larvae; Lar = larvaceans; Fis = Fish larvae; Cru = crustacean larvae; Cal = Calanoids; Cla = Cladocerans.

Fig. 5 in Population dynamics and predatory impact of the alien jellyfish Aurelia solida (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Bizerte Lagoon (southwestern Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 5: Relation between Aurelia solida bell diameter (cm) and (A) the prey in the gut contents and (B) the prey diversity.

Fig. 6 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 6: Sagittal sections of the reproductive system of A, Echinoplana celerrima; B, Leptoplana mediterranea; C, Leptoplana tremellaris. Abbreviations to the figures: cb, cirrus bulb; cg, cement glands; cr, cirrus; ed, ejaculatory duct; mp, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: A: 500 µm; B: 200 µm; C: 500 µm.

Fig. 4 in Population dynamics and predatory impact of the alien jellyfish Aurelia solida (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Bizerte Lagoon (southwestern Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 4: Variation of the diet composition of Aurelia solida in Bizerte Lagoon in (A) 2013 and (B) 2014; (n) number of analyzed specimens.

Fig. 7 in Population dynamics and predatory impact of the alien jellyfish Aurelia solida (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Bizerte Lagoon (southwestern Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 7: Seasonal variation of Aurelia solida (A-B) feeding rate (prey consumed medusae-1) and (C-D) predation impact (% prey standing stock consumed day-1) in Bizerte Lagoon in 2013-2014.

Fig. 4 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 4: Cryptocelis sinopae sp. nov. A-C, sagittal section of the female reproductive system; D, sagittal section of the uterus and vas deferens; E, sagittal section of an oocyte; F, sperm cells immersed in body parenchyma. The black arrows point sperm cells. Abbreviations to the figures: cg, cement glands; ev, external vagina; fa, female atrium; i, intestine; iv, internal vagina; mg, male gonopore; mv, median vagina; ov, oviduct; vd, vas deferens; vf, vaginal fold. Scale bars: A: 100 µm; B: 100 µm; C: 100 µm; D: 100 µm; E: 30 µm; F: 15 µm.

Fig. 2 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 2: Cryptocelis sinopae sp. nov. A, dorsal view of fixed specimen; B, detail of the spermatophores (arrow); C, sagittal section of the dorsal body wall; D, sagittal section of the ventral body wall; E, sagittal section of the ventral body wall at genital openings' area; F, sagittal section of the marginal body wall. Abbreviations to the figures: bm, basement membrane; bw, body wall; cm, circular muscle layer; e, eyes; eo, eosinophilic glands; gbw, body wall around the genital area; gc, marginal glandular cell (glandular corpuscles [Bock, 1923]); lm, longitudinal muscle layer; mbw, marginal body wall; mci, marginal cilia; me, marginal eye; mml, marginal muscle layer; mrh, marginal rhabdites; tm, transversal muscle fibres. Scale bars: A: 2 mm, B: 1 mm; C: 50 µm; D: 50 µm; E: 200 µm; F: 20 µm.

Fig. 9 in The polyclad fauna (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) of the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea, Turkey) with a description of a new species of Cryptocelis Lang, 1884 Abstract

Fig. 9: Diagrams of the external morphology of: A, Cryptocelis sinopae; B, Echinoplana celerrima; C, Leptoplana mediterranea; D, Leptoplana tremellaris; E, Pleioplana okusi; F, Prosthiostomum siphunculus. Scale bars: A-F, 3 mm.