Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 5. Phalli with vesica everted, Phtheochroa schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. – C–D. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations: gs = gonopore sclerotization; ld = left diverticulum; rd = right diverticulum; svd = small ventral diverticulum; vpp = ventral phallic process. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 10 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 10. Distribution of the Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. species complex based on examined material.

Fig. 1 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale.

Fig. 9 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood tree (built with MEGA6) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values at the nodes are bootstrap support values based on 500 replicates.

Fig. 4 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 4. Ventral phallic process of Phtheochroa spp., ventral view. A–C. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – D–E. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. D. Holotype. E. Paratype. – F–G. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. F. Paratype. G. Holotype. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype. J. Paratype. Scale bar = 100 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 6 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 6. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – C–D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations: dd = dorsal diverticulum; vd = ventral diverticulum; other abbreviations as in Fig. 5. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 7 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 7. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – C–D. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, holotype. A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations as in Figs 5–6. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 2 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 2. Male genitalia (without phalli) of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. B. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, holotype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 3 in Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Fig. 3. Transtilla of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov., Bulgaria, Rila Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, paratype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale.

opencc-zeroMay 2021View details →

Warming acts through earlier snowmelt to advance but not extend alpine community flowering

Large-scale warming will alter multiple local climate factors in alpine tundra, yet very few experimental studies examine the combined yet distinct influences of earlier snowmelt, higher temperatures and altered soil moisture on alpine ecosystems. This limits our ability to predict responses to climate change by plant species and communities. To address this gap, we used infrared heaters and manual watering in a fully factorial experiment to determine the relative importance of these climate factors on plant flowering phenology, and response differences among plant functional groups. Heating advanced snowmelt and flower initiation, but exposed plants to colder early-spring conditions in the period prior to first flower, indicating that snowmelt timing, not temperature, advances flowering initiation in the alpine community. Flowering duration was largely conserved; heating did not extend average species flowering into the latter part of the growing season but instead flowering was completed earlier in heated plots. Although passive warming experiments have resulted in warming-induced soil drying suggested to advance flower senescence, supplemental water did not counteract the average species advance in flowering senescence caused by heating or extend flowering in unheated plots, and variation in soil moisture had inconsistent effects on flowering periods. Functional groups differed in sensitivity to earlier snowmelt, with flower initiation most advanced for early-season species and flowering duration lengthened only for graminoids and forbs. We conclude that earlier snowmelt, driven by increased radiative heating, is the most important factor altering alpine flowering phenology. Studies that only manipulate summer temperature will err in estimating the sensitivity of alpine flowering phenology to large-scale warming. The wholesale advance in flowering phenology with earlier snowmelt suggests that alpine communities will track warming, but only alpine forbs and graminoids appear able to take advantage of an extended snow-free season.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with species richness in alpine plant communities

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, i.e. ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesized to co-vary with species richness. This means that species richness is taken as a surrogate of genetic diversity in conservation planning, though their relationship has not been properly evaluated. We tested whether the genetic and species levels of biodiversity co-vary, using a large-scale and multi-species approach. We chose the high-mountain flora of the Alps and the Carpathians as study systems and demonstrate that species richness and genetic diversity are not correlated. Species richness thus cannot act as a surrogate for genetic diversity. Our results have important consequences for implementing the CBD when designing conservation strategies.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes

• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history. • We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination. • A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments. • While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role. • Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2010View details →

FIGURE 4. Gammarus shirazinus n in tacea, Amphipoda) from warm springs in the south-east pre-alpine area of the Zagros, Iran: habitats with physiological challenges. Zootaxa, 2546, 31-51.

FIGURE 4. Gammarus shirazinus n. sp., holotype, ♂, 22 mm., from Pole-Berenji spring, S of Shiraz. A: pereopod 5, B: pereopod 6, C: pereopod 7, D: urosomites, E: epimeral plates, and F: uropod 3.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Competitors alter selection on alpine plants exposed to experimental climate change

Investigating how climate change alters selection regimes is a crucial step towards understanding the potential of populations to evolve in the face of changing conditions. Previous studies have mainly focused on understanding how changing climate directly influences selection, while the role of species' interactions has received little attention. Here, we used a transplant experiment along an elevation gradient to estimate how climate warming and competitive interactions lead to shifts in directional phenotypic selection on morphology and phenology of four alpine plants. We found that warming generally imposed novel selection, with the largest shifts in regimes acting on specific leaf area and flowering time across species. Competitors instead weakened the selection acting on traits that was imposed directly by warming. Weakened or absent selection in the presence of competitors was largely associated with the suppression of absolute means and variation of fitness. Our results suggest that although climate change can impose strong selection, competitive interactions within communities might act to limit selection and thereby stymie evolutionary responses in alpine plants facing climate change.

opengpl-3.0-or-laterDec 2022View details →

Data and code associated with the manuscript: Three centuries of snowpack decline at an Alpine pass revealed by cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry

This dataset contains the data as well as the Matlab codes needed to reproduce the results in the following manuscript: Guralnik, B., Tremblay, M.M., Phillips, M., Sellwood, E.L., Gribenski, N., Presl, R., Haberkorn, A., Sohbati, R., Shuster, D.L., Valla, P., Jain, M., Schindler, K., Wallinga, J., and Hippe, K., Three centuries of snowpack decline at an Alpine pass revealed by cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry.  Briefly, this manuscript presents novel datasets of cosmogenic paleothermometery (quartz He-3) and luminescence photochronometery (feldspar IRSL), whose pairing constrains the temperature and insolation history of three bedrock outcrops at the Gotthard Pass in Switzerland over the last ~15,000 years.  The data include (1) measured concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10, C-14, and He-3 in quartz, (2) stepwise degassing experiments on proton irradiated quartz grains that are used to determine sample-specific He-3 diffusion kinetics, (3) best-fit multiple diffusion domain (MDD) models to the proton-induced He-3 diffusion experiments, (5) Natural radioactivity and calculated feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (ISRL) dose rates, (6) feldspar ISRL depth profiles, and (7) high-resolution microrelief surface scans and analysis. The code includes scripts necessary to reproduce the figures and results associated with this manuscript. The code is organized by figure into subfolders, and any data needed to reproduce a figure should be included in that folder. All original codes are distributed under the GNU General Public License. Codes written by others and utilized here are redistributed under their original license according to the terms and conditions therein, and are provided in the folder 'external.' Any questions about original Matlab codes published here should be directed to Benny Guralnik, benny.guralnik@gmail.com.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes

The datasets in this repository include plant community surveys, hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf and canopy level, leaf trait data, and soil chemistry data collected at five sites along an elevation gradient of 2400m-3500m in the Chilean Andes (33°S, 70°W). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental drivers of community assembly processes along the elevation gradient.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Repository: Rayleigh-wave attenuation and phase velocity maps of the greater Alpine region from ambient noise

Repository organized by Henrique Berger Roisenberg for the paper Roisenberg et al. (2024). The files are organized as follows: Folders: -dispersion_curves: inside this folder there is a .zip file that contains all the dispersion curves calculated; -attenuation: comprising three files with the results of attenuation calculations, i.e., the attenuation values, the grid, and the periods; -c: comprising three files with the results of phase velocity calculations, i.e., the phase velocity values, the grid, and the periods; -scripts:  contains two python scripts, one called 'figures' to plot the figure 1, 4, and 6 of the paper, and another called 'alparray_computations' to perform the computations with the original alparray data, using seislib, resulting on the figures 2, 3, and 5 of the paper. Inside the folder 'inputs' there are three folders that serve as input for the figures of the paper, to be used in the scripts. These are: -raster:  contains the topography raster used to plot the map of the study area; -shapefiles: contains the shapefiles used in the regionalization analysis; -station locations:  contains the latitudes and longitudes of the stations used in this study.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Metabarcoding analysis provides insight into the link between prey and plant intake in a large alpine cat carnivore, the snow leopard

Species of the family Felidae (a group represented by cats) are thought to be obligate carnivores, specialized for hunting and consuming other animals. However, the detection of plants in the feces of felids raises questions about the role of plants in their diet. This is particularly true for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), a big cat native to central and South Asia's high mountains. Our study aimed to comprehensively identify the prey and plants consumed by snow leopards as well as six other sympatric mammals. We applied DNA metabarcoding methods on 126 fecal samples collected from the Sarychat-Ertash Nature Reserve in Kyrgyzstan. We found that among the three most common plant families in snow leopard feces, Tamaricaceae (genus Myricaraia) was consumed often by snow leopards. The genus Myricaria frequently appeared in samples lacking any animal prey DNA, indicating that snow leopards might have consumed this plant especially when their digestive tracts were empty. We also observed a significant difference in plant composition between male and female snow leopards, and potentially between sampling seasons. We provide a comprehensive overview of the prey and plants detected in the feces of snow leopards and sympatric mammals. We believe our findings will help in formulating hypotheses and guiding future research to understand the adaptive significance of plant-eating behavior in felids and animal-plant relationships in the ecosystem.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Fig. 7. Box plots comparing average counts per 10 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 7. Box plots comparing average counts per 10 HPF of granulocytes, mononuclear cells, and thrombocytes between positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) 45- day-old Alpine swift nestlings sampled in 2022.