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FIGURE 3 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 3. Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov., showing intra- and interpopulational variation in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) pattern in preservative. Two upper specimens are from Mt. Ayanganna: ROM 39637 (upper left, female 28.3 mm SVL) and ROM 39638 (upper right, female 27.9 mm SVL). Lower specimen is the holotype (female 27.3 mm) from Maringma Tepui. Photos by PJRK.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 1. Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov. A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1986, 27.3 mm SVL). B: Ventral view of the holotype in life. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype. Photos by PJRK.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 6. Graph showing correlation between HL3 and BEL with standard errors for adult female specimens of Anomaloglossus tepuyensis (green triangles) and A. megacephalus sp. nov. (orange circles). Abbreviations are defined in the text. The graph clearly shows that the head of A. megacephalus sp. nov. is proportionally longer that the head of A. tepuyensis.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 5. Comparison of Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov. and the similar A. tepuyensis and A. parkerae. A: Dorsal view of preserved specimens of (from left to right) A. megacephalus sp. nov. (IRSNB 1986, 27.3 mm SVL), A. tepuyensis (MHNLS 17401, 23.3 mm SVL) and A. parkerae (MHNLS 11089, 23.2 mm SVL). B: Comparison between midline distance from snout tip to an imaginary line between anterior arm insertions and the same distance reported posteriorly from the same imaginary line in A. megacephalus sp. nov. and A. tepuyensis. In most A. megacephalus specimens (left, IRSNB 1986, 27.3 mm SVL) the distance reaches or surpasses the anterior insertion of thigh, whereas in all specimens of A. tepuyensis examined (right, MHNLS 17401, 23.3 mm SVL), the distance fails to reach the thigh. Photos by PJRK.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 2. Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov. A: Ventral views of left hand (left) and left foot (right) of the female holotype (IRSNB 1986, 27.3 mm SVL). Scale bars are 2 mm. B: ROM 39638, female paratype (27.9 mm SVL), from Mt. Ayanganna. Photos by PJRK (A) and AL (B).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana

FIGURE 4. Map of the eastern Pantepui region showing the known distributions of Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov. (circles): 1 = type locality, Mount Maringma, Guyana; 2 = Mount Ayanganna, Guyana. The type locality of A. tepuyensis is indicated by a triangle. Maps elaborated after a radar image of South America by NASA/JPL/NIMA available at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03388.

FIGURE 7 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Allobates flaviventris. Star = type locality of A. flaviventris. Closed circle = Fazenda Experimental Catuaba. Open circle = literature record of A. flaviventris (as Allobates sp. A; Köhler & Lötters 1999).

FIGURE 5 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Allobates flaviventris from Fazenda Bonal, Acre, Brazil (UFAC 4650, holotype). (A, B) Waveform and spectrogram, respectively, of two bouts. (C, D) Waveform and spectrogram, respectively, of a single bout, evidencing multi-pulsed notes.

FIGURE 6 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 6. Reproductive behavior of Allobates flaviventris. (A) Calling male, UFAC 4658 (note the presence of dark throat), and (B) gelatinous egg mass attached to fallen leaves in the forest floor at Fazenda Bonal, Acre, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 3. Ventral view of hand (left) and foot (right) of holotype of Allobates flaviventris (scale bar 5 mm).

FIGURE 4 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 4. Ventral view of hand of Allobates trilineatus UFAC-RB 4703 showing Finger III swollen (scale bar 5 mm).

FIGURE 2 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 2. Right hand of males Allobates flaviventris (UFAC-RB 4669, 4670, 4675 and 4676) showing third finger not swollen (not to scale).

FIGURE 1 in A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia

FIGURE 1. Allobates flaviventris, in life. (A, B) male specimen, UFAC 4631; (C, E) male, UFAC 4671; and (D, F) female, UFAC 4675. All specimens from the type locality, Fazenda Bonal, Acre, Brazil.

FIGURE 8 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Living tadpoles of Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, showing color in life and position of spiracle (indicated by black arrows).

FIGURE 7 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Oral discs of Allobates grillisimilis tadpoles from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, collected in January 2008. (A) Oblique and (B) ventral views of oral disc of tadpole at developmental stage 27. (C) Tadpole at stage 38, photographed on dark background, emphasizing distribution and length of papillae. (D) A second tadpole at stage 38, photographed on white background, emphasizing relative length of tooth rows. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 30779, holotype, male) (A) Right hand and (B) Right foot.

FIGURE 6 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Tadpole of Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, collected from an egg clutch in January 2008. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of preserved tadpole in developmental stage 27 (INPA-H 30827), used in the detailed description (see text).

FIGURE 2 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Color in life of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of holotype (INPA-H 30779), a male collected in Borba, on the right bank of the lower Madeira River, in January 2008. (C) Lateral view of a calling male from type locality (note white vocal sac and multiple dark transverse bars on thighs and shanks). (D) Lateral view of a female photographed at the same locality. (E) Calling male photographed in Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil. (F) Ventral views of male (left) and female (right) Allobates grillisimilis, from the type locality (note the lack of color dimorphism on ventral surfaces of body). Photos by A.P. Lima (A–D, F) and P.I. Simões (E).

FIGURE 1 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Inset: relative location of sampling area in northern South America. Red triangles: distribution of Allobates grillisimilis in central Brazilian Amazon. Solid dots: location of permanent grids maintained by the Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research-PPBio (http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br), and sites where intensive studies focusing on diurnal frogs have been conducted at least three times, where the new species was not recorded. Open dots: sites sampled for diurnal frogs in one or two consecutive years by the authors, where the new species was not recorded. (B) Detailed view of sites of occurrence of Allobates grillisimilis emphasizing their location in the northwestern Madeira-Tapajós interfluve, State of Amazonas. 1: Nova Olinda do Norte; 2: Type locality in the outskirts of Borba; 3: Rio Paraconi, in Maués; 4: Igarapé Tabacal, a tributary of Rio Paraconi, also in Maués.

FIGURE 3 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views of Allobates grillisimilis holotype (INPA-H 30779, male). (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral, and (F) lateral views of Allobates sp nov. allotype (INPA- H 30780, female). Both individuals have incisions on ventral surface of thighs, made during removal of muscle tissue samples. Scratches on dorsum of both individuals were caused by manipulation.