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68 results for “Avialae”
Fig. 23 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 23. The Ichthyornis dispar (A) premaxillae and (B) frontal/nasal contact (YPM 1459 and YPM
Fig. 21 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 21. The braincase of Ichthyornis dispar (YPM 1728) in right lateral view. This part of YPM
Fig. 20 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 20. The braincase of Ichthyornis dispar (YPM 1728) in left lateral view. This part of YPM
MPM-334-1: Fossil basicranium and endocranial volumes and CT-stack (Enantiornithes, Avialae)
<p>Among terrestrial vertebrates, only crown birds (Neornithes) rival mammals in terms of relative brain size and behavioural complexity. Relatedly, the anatomy of the avian central nervous system and associated sensory structures, such as the vestibular system of the inner ear, are highly modified with respect to those of other extant reptile lineages. However, a dearth of three-dimensional Mesozoic fossils has limited our knowledge of the origins of the distinctive endocranial structures of crown birds. Traits such as an expanded, flexed brain, a ventral connection between the brain and spinal column, and a modified vestibular system have been regarded as exclusive to Neornithes. Here, we demonstrate all of these 'advanced' traits in an undistorted braincase from an Upper Cretaceous enantiornithine bonebed in south-eastern Brazil. Our discovery suggests that these crown bird-like endocranial traits may have originated prior to the split between Enantiornithes and the more crownward portion of avian phylogeny over 140 million years ago, while coexisting with a remarkably plesiomorphic cranial base and posterior palate region. Altogether, our results support the interpretation that the distinctive endocranial morphologies of crown birds and their Mesozoic relatives are affected by complex trade-offs between spatial constraints during development.</p>
MPM-334-1: Fossil basicranium and endocranial volumes and CT-stack (Enantiornithes, Avialae)
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Fig. 44 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 44. An element from YPM 1775 that bears comparison to a pygostyle but which differs markedly from the morphology of that element in YPM 1732 (compare fig. 43).
Fig. 13 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 13. The holotype specimen of Ichthyornis (Guildavis) tener (YPM 1760). The holotype is a partial sacrum comprised of crushed portions of (A) the midsacral series (in dorsal view) and (B) the anterior end (in oblique ventrolateral view).
Fig. 7 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)
Fig. 7. Size and stratigraphic position of individuals referred to Ichthyornis dispar interpreted as variable sampling through time of a constant size range for a single species. Data points represent total humerus length of the indicated specimen(s) in millimeters. The relative size of specimens without data points, those lacking complete humeri, was estimated (i.e., YPM 1738, 1765, SMM 2139, USNM 22820, TMM 42522–1, and Cenomanian specimens, SMNH P2077.67, SMNH P2077.111, SMNH P2077.112, SMNH P2487.5). Shaded region indicates size variation interpreted as constant through time.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.