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429 results for “Bacterial infection”
Data from: Livestock abundance predicts vampire bat demography, immune profiles, and bacterial infection risk
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Increasing adult density compromises survival following bacterial infections in Drosophila melanogaster
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Host biomarkers and combinatorial scores for the detection of serious and invasive bacterial infection in pediatric patients with fever without source
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Data from: Temperature variation, bacterial diversity, and fungal infection dynamics in the amphibian skin
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Non-adapted bacterial infection suppresses plant reproduction
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Data from: Dynamics of the CD9 interactome during bacterial infection of epithelial cells by proximity labelling proteomics
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Idiosyncratic effects of bacterial infection on female fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster
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Starvation increases susceptibility to bacterial infection and promotes systemic pathogen proliferation in Drosophila melanogaster females
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Data from: Negative interactions and virulence differences drive the dynamics in multispecies bacterial infections
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Data from: MHC class I expression dependent on bacterial infection and parental factors in whitefish embryos (Salmonidae)
Ecological conditions can influence not only the expression of a phenotype, but also the heritability of a trait. As such, heritable variation for a trait needs to be studied across environments. We have investigated how pathogen challenge affects the expression of MHC genes in embryos of the lake whitefish Coregonus palaea. In order to experimentally separate paternal (i.e. genetic) from maternal and environmental effects, and determine whether and how stress affects the heritable variation for MHC expression, embryos were produced in full-factorial in vitro fertilizations, reared singly, and exposed at 208 degree days (late-eyed stage) to either one of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that differ in their virulence characteristics (one increased mortality, while both delayed hatching time). Gene expression was assessed 48 h postinoculation, and virulence effects of the bacterial infection were monitored until hatching. We found no evidence of MHC class II expression at this stage of development. MHC class I expression was markedly down-regulated in reaction to both pseudomonads. While MHC expression could not be linked to embryo survival, the less the gene was expressed, the earlier the embryos hatched within each treatment group, possibly due to trade-offs between immune function and developmental rate or further factors that affect both hatching timing and MHC expression. We found significant additive genetic variance for MHC class I expression in some treatments. That is, changes in pathogen pressures could induce rapid evolution in MHC class I expression. However, we found no additive genetic variance in reaction norms in our study population.
Data from: Maternal allocation of carotenoids increases tolerance to bacterial infection in brown trout
Life-history theory predicts that iteroparous females allocate their resources differently among different breeding seasons depending on their residual reproductive value. In iteroparous salmonids there is typically much variation in egg size, egg number, and in the compounds that females allocate to their clutch. These compounds include various carotenoids whose functions are not sufficiently understood yet. We sampled 37 female and 35 male brown trout from natural streams, collected their gametes for in vitro fertilizations, experimentally produced 185 families in 7 full-factorial breeding blocks, raised the developing embryos singly (n = 2960), and either sham-treated or infected them with Pseudomonas fluorescens. We used female redness (as a measure of carotenoids stored in the skin) and their allocation of carotenoids to clutches to infer maternal strategies. Astaxanthin contents largely determined egg colour. Neither egg weight nor female size was correlated with the content of this carotenoid. However, astaxanthin content was positively correlated with larval growth and with tolerance against P. fluorescens. There was a negative correlation between female skin redness and the carotenoid content of their eggs. Although higher astaxanthin contents in the eggs were associated with an improvement of early fitness-related traits, some females appeared not to maximally support their current offspring as revealed by the negative correlation between female red skin colouration and egg carotenoid content. This correlation was not explained by female size and supports the prediction of a maternal trade-off between current and future reproduction.
Antimicrobial treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections and syndromes from national/standard treatment guidelines in African Union member states
<p>A compilation of antimicrobial treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections and syndromes for adult and pediatric patients from national/standard treatment guidelines in African Union member states</p>
Data and code for Mechanisms of damage prevention, signalling, and repair impact the ability of Drosophila to tolerate enteric bacterial infection
<p>Data and code for</p> <p>Prakash, A., Monteith, K. M., & Vale, P. F. (2021). Mechanisms of damage prevention, signalling, and repair impact the ability of Drosophila to tolerate enteric bacterial infection. <em>bioRxiv</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Identifying volatile metabolite signatures for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory tract infection using electronic nose technology: a pilot study
<p>Datasets for the <strong>Identifying volatile metabolite signatures for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory tract infection using electronic nose technology: a pilot study. </strong></p>
Persistent Bone Marrow Hemozoin Accumulation Confers Survival Advantage Against Bacterial Infection via Myd88-Cell Intrinsic Signaling
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Data from: Consumption of carotenoids not increased by bacterial infection in brown trout embryos (Salmo trutta)
Carotenoids are organic pigment molecules that play important roles in signalling, control of oxidative stress, and immunity. Fish allocate carotenoids to their eggs, which gives them the typical yellow to red colouration and supports their resistance against microbial infections. However, it is still unclear whether carotenoids act mainly as a shield against infection or are used up during the embryos' immune defence. We investigated this question with experimental families produced from wild-caught brown trout (Salmo trutta). Singly raised embryos were either exposed to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens or sham-treated at one of two stages during their development. A previous study on these experimental families reported positive effects of egg carotenoids on embryo growth and resistance against the infection. Here, we quantified carotenoid consumption, i.e. the active metabolization of carotenoids into compounds that are not other carotenoid types, in these infected and sham-infected maternal sib groups. We found that carotenoid contents mostly decreased during embryogenesis. However, these decreases were neither linked to the virulence induced by the pathogen nor dependent on the time point of infection. We conclude that egg carotenoids are not significantly used up by the embryos' immune defence.
Data from: A mimicked bacterial infection prolongs stopover duration in songbirds – but more pronounced in short- than long-distance migrants
1) Migration usually consists of intermittent travel and stopovers, the latter being crucially important for individuals to recover and refuel to successfully complete migration. Quantifying how sickness behaviours influence stopovers is crucial for our understanding of migration ecology and how diseases spread. However, little is known about infections in songbirds, which constitute the majority of avian migrants. 2) We experimentally immune-challenged autumn migrating passerines (both short- and long-distance migrating species) with a simulated bacterial infection. Using an automated radio-telemetry system in the stopover area, we subsequently quantified stopover duration, 'bush-level' activity patterns (0.1-30m) and landscape movements (30-6000m). 3) We show that compared to controls, immune-challenged birds prolonged their stopover duration by on average 1.2 days in long-distance and 2.9 days in short-distance migrants, respectively (100 – 126 % longer than controls, respectively). During the prolonged stopover, the immune-challenged birds kept a high 'bush-level' activity (which was unexpected) but reduced their local movements, independent of migration strategy. Baseline immune function, but not blood parasite infections prior to the immune challenge, had a prolonging effect on stopover duration, particularly in long-distance migrants. 4) We conclude that a mimicked bacterial infection does not cause lethargy, per se, but restricts landscape movements and prolongs stopover duration, and that this behavioural response also depends on the status of baseline immunity and migration strategy. This adds a new level to the understanding of how acute inflammation affect migration behaviour and hence the ecology and evolution of migration. Accounting for these effects of bacterial infections will also enable us to fine-tune and apply optimal migration theory. Finally it will help us predicting how migrating animals may respond to increased pathogen pressure by global change.
Experimental evolution reveals sex-specific dominance for surviving bacterial infection in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Males and females are subjected to distinct kinds of selection pressures, often leading to the evolution of sex-specific genetic architecture, an example being sex-specific dominance. Sex-specific dominance reversals (SSDRs), where alleles at sexually antagonistic loci are at least partially dominant in the sex they benefit, have been documented in Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and beetles. Another interesting feature of many sexually reproducing organisms is the asymmetric inheritance pattern of X chromosomes, which often leads to distinct evolutionary outcomes on X chromosomes compared to autosomes. Examples include, the higher efficacy of sexually concordant selection on X chromosomes, and X chromosomes being more conducive to the maintenance of sexually antagonistic polymorphisms under certain conditions. Immunocompetence is a trait that has been extensively investigated for sexual dimorphism with growing evidence for sex-specific or sexually antagonistic variation. X chromosomes have been shown to harbour substantial immunity-related genetic variation in the fruit-fly, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Here, using interpopulation crosses and cytogenetic cloning, we investigated sex-specific dominance and the role of the X chromosome in improved post-infection survivorship of laboratory populations of <i>D. melanogaster</i> selected against pathogenic challenge by <i>Pseudomonas entomophila</i>. We could not detect any contribution of the X chromosome to the evolved immunocompetence of our selected populations as well as to within population variation in immunocompetence. However, we found strong evidence of sex-specific dominance related to surviving bacterial infection. Our results indicate that alleles that confer a survival advantage to the selected populations are, on average, partially dominant in females but partially recessive in males. This could also imply a sex-specific dominance reversal for overall fitness, given the putative evidence for sexually antagonistic selection affecting immunocompetence in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. We also highlight sex-specific dominance as a potential mechanism of sex differences in immunocompetence, with population-level sex differences primarily driven by sex differences in heterozygotes.</p>
Bacterial supergroup specific 'Cost' of Wolbachia infections in Nasonia vitripennis
<p><i>Wolbachia </i>is known to alter host reproductive biology for its benefit. It also introduces both positive and negative fitness effects in the vast majority of its host population. Here we describe the effect of maintenance of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection in the parasitoid host <i>Nasonia</i> <i>vitripennis</i>. We have separated the two <i>Wolbachia</i> infections in <i>N. vitripennis</i> to get single lines of <i>Wolbachia </i>supergroup A and supergroup B. We compare the effect of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection on various life-history traits between uninfected, single A, single B, and double infection strains. Contrary to the previous reports, our results suggest that there is a "cost" associated with the maintenance of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection where traits like progeny family size, fecundity, and longevity in females, while the number of copulations performed by males is compromised in <i>Wolbachia</i> infected strains. The double infection of <i>Wolbachia</i> has more detrimental impacts on the host as compared to single infections. The findings of this study raise important questions on the mechanism of survival and maintenance of these reproductive parasites in arthropod hosts.</p>
The Jak/Stat pathway mediates disease tolerance during systemic bacterial infection in Drosophila
<p>Data and code for </p> <p>Prakash, A., Bonnet, M., Monteith, K. M., & Vale, P. F. (2021). The Jak/Stat pathway mediates disease tolerance during systemic bacterial infection in Drosophila. <em>bioRxiv</em>.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.