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90 results for “Balancing selection”
Data from: Balancing selection for aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus is maintained through interference competition with, and fungivory by insects
The role of microbial secondary metabolites in the ecology of the organisms that produce them remains poorly understood. Variation in aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is maintained by balancing selection, but the ecological function and impact on fungal fitness of this compound are unknown. We hypothesize that balancing selection for aflatoxin production in A. flavus is driven by interaction with insects. To test this, we competed naturally occurring aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic fungal isolates against Drosophila larvae on medium containing 0–1750 ppb aflatoxin, using quantitative PCR to quantify A. flavus DNA as a proxy for fungal fitness. The addition of aflatoxin across this range resulted in a 26-fold increase in fungal fitness. With no added toxin, aflatoxigenic isolates caused higher mortality of Drosophila larvae and had slightly higher fitness than non-aflatoxigenic isolates. Additionally, aflatoxin production increased an average of 1.5-fold in the presence of a single larva and nearly threefold when the fungus was mechanically damaged. We argue that the role of aflatoxin in protection from fungivory is inextricably linked to its role in interference competition. Our results, to our knowledge, provide the first clear evidence of a fitness advantage conferred to A. flavus by aflatoxin when interacting with insects.
Data from: Antagonistic versus non-antagonistic models of balancing selection: characterizing the relative timescales and hitchhiking effects of partial selective sweeps
Antagonistically selected alleles-–those with opposing fitness effects between sexes, environments, or fitness components-–represent an important component of additive genetic variance in fitness-related traits, with stably balanced polymorphisms often hypothesized to contribute to observed quantitative genetic variation. Balancing selection hypotheses imply that intermediate-frequency alleles disproportionately contribute to genetic variance of life-history traits and fitness. Such alleles may also associate with population genetic footprints of recent selection, including reduced genetic diversity and inflated linkage disequilibrium at linked, neutral sites. Here, we compare the evolutionary dynamics of different balancing selection models, and characterize the evolutionary timescale and hitchhiking effects of partial selective sweeps generated under antagonistic versus nonantagonistic (e.g., overdominant and frequency-dependent selection) processes. We show that the evolutionary timescales of partial sweeps tend to be much longer, and hitchhiking effects are drastically weaker, under scenarios of antagonistic selection. These results predict an interesting mismatch between molecular population genetic and quantitative genetic patterns of variation. Balanced, antagonistically selected alleles are expected to contribute more to additive genetic variance for fitness than alleles maintained by classic, nonantagonistic mechanisms. Nevertheless, classical mechanisms of balancing selection are much more likely to generate strong population genetic signatures of recent balancing selection.
Data from: Experimental evolution reveals balancing selection underlying coexistence of alternative male reproductive phenotypes
Heritable alternative reproductive phenotypes (ARPs), which differ in traits associated with competition for mates, occur across taxa. If polymorphism in the genes underlying ARPs is maintained by balancing selection, selection should return ARP proportions to their equilibrium if that equilibrium is perturbed. Here, we used an experimental evolution approach to directly test this prediction in male Rhizoglyphus robini, in which two heritable morphs occur: armoured fighters and more female-like, benign scramblers. Using selection lines nearly fixed for male morph, we constructed replicate populations consisting of 50% or 94% fighters, and allowed them to evolve for 14 generations in two types of environment: simple or spatially complex. We found that in both types of populations, the proportion of fighters converged on values within a narrow range of 0.70-0.83, although the rate of convergence was slower in the complex environment. Our results thus demonstrate balancing selection acting on polymorphism(s) underlying ARPs
Data for: Evaluating Different i*-based Approaches for Selecting Functional Requirements while Balancing and Optimizing Non-Functional Requirements: A Controlled Experiment
<p>This dataset is associated with the study published in <em>Information and Software Technology</em>, Volume 106, February 2019, Pages 68-84. The study investigates the effectiveness of an alternative automated i* post-processed model for requirements engineering. The primary objective of the study was to provide empirical evidence that requirement engineers may perform better at selecting Functional Requirements (FRs) while optimizing and balancing Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) using this post-processed model, compared to the original i* model.</p> <p>The data in this dataset was used for the analyses presented in the publication and includes the inputs required to evaluate the performance of requirement engineers in selecting FRs and optimizing NFRs. It provides the basis for comparing the decision-making efficiency and accuracy in FR selection, as well as the optimization process for NFRs in both the original and automated post-processed i* models.</p>
Long-term balancing selection for pathogen resistance maintains trans-species polymorphisms in a planktonic crustacean
<p>Data related to the manuscript "Long-term balancing selection for pathogen resistance maintains trans-species polymorphisms in a planktonic crustacean"</p>
Data from: An experimental test of the mutation-selection balance model for the maintenance of genetic variance in fitness components
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Data from: Macronutrient balance mediates the growth of sexually selected weapons but not genitalia in male broad-horned beetles
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Data from: The opportunity for balancing selection in experimental populations of Caenorhabditis elegans
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Data from: Balancing selection maintains sex determining alleles in multiple-locus complementary sex determination
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Data from: Experimental evolution reveals balancing selection underlying coexistence of alternative male reproductive phenotypes
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Data from: Antagonistic versus non-antagonistic models of balancing selection: characterizing the relative timescales and hitchhiking effects of partial selective sweeps
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Data from: Evolution of quantitative traits under a migration-selection balance: when does skew matter?
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Data from: Balancing selection for aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus is maintained through interference competition with, and fungivory by insects
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Data for: Immigration counter-acts local micro-evolution of a major fitness component: migration-selection balance in free-living song sparrows
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Ancient balancing selection maintains incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in yeast (Figure creation)
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Pumilio2 and Staufen2 selectively balance the synaptic proteome
GEO Series GSE173596. Rattus norvegicus. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The Effect of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor on Gait, Balance, and Bone Metabolism in Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02228005. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Influence of Selected Lower Limb Biomechanical Variables on Pain, Disability and Balance in Women With PFPS.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05842200. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Therapeutic Intervention Through Selective Functional Movement Assessment on Pain, Function, Balance and Gait in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05871775. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Tandem CTCF sites function as insulators to balance spatial chromatin contacts and topological enhancer-promoter selection [II]
GEO Series GSE136328. Mus musculus. 44 samples. Type: Other.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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