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611 results for “Body mass”
FIGURE 2 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 2. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of the ungulates in the local palaeocommunities and NAP % in the pollen records of the localities with (1.1.) minimum NAP %, (1.2.) maximum NAP % and (1.3.) mean NAP %.
FIGURE 1 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 1. The localities included in this study from England and Ireland (1.1) and from Germany (1.2). The maps (1.1) and (1.2) are not to the same scale.
FIGURE 4 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 4. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of Bovidae, Equus ferus and Rhinocerotidae from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names. Bison from Mauer is B. schoetensacki; from other localities, B. priscus.
FIGURE 4. Body mass estimate regressions for Agerinia roselli. 1 in New dental material and redescription of Agerinia roselli (Primates, Adapiformes) from Les Saleres (early Eocene, NE Iberian Peninsula)
FIGURE 4. Body mass estimate regressions for Agerinia roselli. 1, derived from the area of the M1; 2, derived from the area of the M2. Black dots represent different molars of A. roselli. Black line indicates regression based on extant prosimian data from Egi et al. (2004).
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND COMPLIANCE LEVEL OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN POST-TRANSFERENCE TREATMENT ANTI TUBERCULOSIS IN HOSPITAL dr. M HAULUSSY AMBON
<p>Tuberculosis is the most common multi-systemic infection, with various types of manifestation and clinical description, lung is the most common location for developing tuberculosis disease (WHO, 2018). As many as 58% of cases of pulmonary TB occur in 3 (three) countries such as Southeast Asia. Based on profile Service Health Maluku Province, in 2021 number of invention Pulmonary TB cases Service Health (Health Office) of Maluku Province to end in 2019 it reached 6,379 people or by 0.35 percent of total population in the province the largest as 1.8 million people.This research uses a quantitative observational design with a cross sectional approach. With sample use systematic type Purposive sampling of 83 respondents. Data analysis using linear regression. Results test statistics show the most influential variable to level pulmonary tuberculosis treatment is a level indicator compliance with level significance sig 0.000. Based on the results of the Multiple Linear Regression analysis, it shows that with a p-value of 0.00 0 < 0.05, H 1 is accepted, so it is concluded that there is a simultaneous influence quality of life as well as the level of compliance of TB lung sufferers And body mass index on post treatment tb lung at DR M Haulussy Ambon Regional Hospital.</p>
Fig. 1 in Estimating body mass in New World ''monkeys'' (Platyrrhini, Primates), with a consideration of the Miocene platyrrhine, Chilecebus carrascoensis
Fig. 1. Cladogram from molecular phylogenies (Canavez et al., 1999; von Dornum and Ruvolo, 1999) of platyrrhine primates used in the phylogenetically corrected regressions of body mass on morphometric variables. This cladogram is a synthetic topology of these two phylogenetic analyses. The topologies for the two analyses were congruent for overlapping taxa, with two exceptions. First the Callicebus/Cacjao/ Chiropotes/Pitehca clade was basal to all other Platyrrhini in von Dornum and Ruvolo (1999), but was allied with the Ateles/Bachyteles/Lagothrix/Allouata clade in Canavez et al. (1999). Second, Aotus was allied with Saimiri and Cebus in Canvez et al. (1999), but left in an unresolved polytomy in von Dornum and Ruvolo (1999). Therefore both nodes are conservatively left in polytomies here.
Fig. 4 in Dependence of daily oviposition activity and total fecundity on body mass in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 4: Total fecundity (mean + sd) measured for female crickets belonging to mass category (MC) 1, 2, and 3. Asterisks indicate highly significant differences between adjacent mean values (p <0.001).
Fig. 3 in Dependence of daily oviposition activity and total fecundity on body mass in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 3: Temporal course of daily fecundity (mean + sd) in Acheta domesticus and its dependence on body mass. Three mass categories (MC) have been distinguished: MC1 ‒ 600-800 mg, MC2 ‒ 801- 100 mg, MC3 ‒ 1001-1200 mg; (a) 1st to 7th day of oviposition period; (b) 8th to 14th day; (c) 15th to 21st day, (d) 22nd to 28th day, (e) 29th to 35th day. Between most adjacent values significant differences (p <0.05) could be determined.
Fig. 2 in Dependence of daily oviposition activity and total fecundity on body mass in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 2: Equipment for the culture of the house cricket Acheta domesticus: (a) climate chamber with plastic boxes containing cricket nymphs, (b) glass vessels containing adults separated by gender, (c) small oviposition vessels for the investigation of daily fecundity.
Figure 5 in Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
Figure 5. Regression plots of anatomical variables to log running speed in km h-1, showing the distinct curvilinearity of some of the samples, in this case, log forelimb length in mm (a) and olecranon process/radius ratio (b). The polynomial regression model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than ordinary least squares regression lines. For equation see Table 5.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships between the 76 in Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships between the 76 species of mammals used in the study. Numbers adjacent to the nodes refer to split ages in units of millions of years. Total height of tree is 85 million years. Literature sources used in constructing the tree are Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (1979), Bennett (1980), Janis (1982), Savage & Russel (1983), Lanave et al. (1985), Shoshani (1986), Janis & Scott (1987), Wayne & O'Brien (1987), Gentry & Hooker (1988), Flynn et al. (1988), Novacek et al. (1988), Padmadisastra (1988), Prothero et al. (1988), Tassy & Shoshani (1988), Georgiadis et al. (1990), Marshall (1990), Miyamoto et al. (1990), Nowak (1991), Geffen et al. (1992), Novacek (1992a,b), Garland & Janis (1993), Wyss & Flynn (1993), Flynn (1996), Hunt (1996), Foote et al. (1999) and Penny et al. (1999).
Figure 3 in Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
Figure 3. Regression plots of independent contrasts for fore limb parameters. Log running speed is in km h-1. a, Fore limb length in mm/3÷body mass in kg; b, radius/humerus ratio; c, metacarpus/humerus ratio; d, olecranon process length in mm/ 3÷body mass in kg. Regression lines fitted to the contrasts by means of least squares (model I) analysis.
Figure 4 in Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
Figure 4. Regression plots of independent contrasts for hind limb parameters. Log running speed is in km h-1. a, Hind limb length in mm/3÷body mass in kg; b, metatarsus/femur ratio; c, cnemial crest height in mm/3÷body mass in kg; d, calcaneal tuber length in mm/3÷body mass in kg. Regression lines fitted to the contrasts by means of least squares (model I) analysis.
Figure 2 in Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
Figure 2. Plots of standardized contrasts to their standard deviations. a, log forelimb length in mm; b, radius/humerus ratio; c, metacarpus/humerus ratio; d, tibia/femur ratio; e, cnemial crest height in mm/3÷body mass in kilograms; f, calcaneal tuber/metatarsus ratio.
Effects of population density on static allometry between horn length and body mass in mountain ungulates
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Little is known about the effects of environmental variation on allometric relationships of condition-dependent traits, especially in wild populations. We estimated sex-specific static allometry between horn length and body mass in four populations of mountain ungulates that experienced periods of contrasting density over the course of the study. These species displayed contrasting sexual dimorphism in horn size; high dimorphism in <i>Capra ibex</i> and <i>Ovis canadensis</i> and low dimorphism in <i>Rupicapra rupicapra</i> and <i>Oreamnos americanus</i>. The effects of density on static allometric slopes were weak and inconsistent while allometric intercepts were generally lower at high density, especially in males from species with high sexual dimorphism in horn length. These results confirm that static allometric slopes are more canalized than allometric intercepts against environmental variation induced by changes in population density, particularly when traits appear more costly to produce and maintain.</p>
Data from: Mass extinctions alter extinction and origination dynamics with respect to body size
<p>Whether mass extinctions and their associated recoveries represent an intensification of background extinction and origination dynamics versus a separate macroevolutionary regime remains a central debate in evolutionary biology. Previous focus has been on extinction, but origination dynamics may be equally or more important for long-term evolutionary outcomes. The evolution of animal body size is an ideal process to test for differences in macroevolutionary regimes, as body size is easily determined, comparable across distantly related taxa, and scales with organismal traits. Here, we test for shifts in selectivity between background intervals and the "Big Five" mass extinction events using capture-mark-recapture models. Our body-size data cover 10,203 fossil marine animal genera spanning 10 Linnaean classes with occurrences ranging from Early Ordovician to Late Pleistocene (485–1 Mya). Most classes exhibit differences in both origination and extinction selectivity between background intervals and mass extinctions, with the direction of selectivity varying among classes and overall exhibiting stronger selectivity during origination after mass extinction than extinction during mass extinction. Thus, not only do mass extinction events shift the marine biosphere into a new macroevolutionary regime, the dynamics of recovery from mass extinction also appear to play an underappreciated role in shaping the biosphere in their aftermath.</p>
Online Supplemental Tables - An atlas of genome-wide gene expression and metabolite associations and possible mediation effects towards body mass index
<p>Summary statistics of metabolite-gene expression associations and mediation analyses of effects on body mass index.</p> <p>The corresponding publication is currently under revision.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 1</strong>: Gene expression-metabolite association summary statistics from 97 metabolites and metabolite ratios and up to 15175 genes calculated seperately in the LIFE-Adult, LIFE-Heart, LIFE-AMI and the Sorb studies. Associations were adjusted for six covariates.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 2</strong>: Random-effects meta-analyzed gene expression-metabolite association summary statistics. P-Values were adjusted for multiple testing using a hierarchical adjustment procedure both on local (within phenotypes) and on global (across phenotypes) level.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 3</strong>: Single-study association results needed for checking mediation analysis assumptions and for calculating mediation statistics. Only gene expression probe-metabolite pairs that associated significantly at hierarchical FDR=5% in the gene-expression-metabolite association meta-analysis qualified for these associations.The following Associations were tested: gene expression probes ~ metabolites, log-BMI ~ metabolites log-BMI ~ gene expression, log-BMI ~ gene expression + metabolite. Associations were adjusted for six covariates. P-values</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 4</strong>: Meta-analyzed association results needed for checking mediation analysis assumptions and for calculation mediation statistics.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 5: </strong>Mediation analysis summary statistics. Mediations of gene expression effects (exposure) via metabolite effects (mediatior) and of metabolite effects (exposure) via gene expression effects (mediator) on body mass index (outcome) were tested.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
A Spatial Analysis of Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index with Income and Grocery Store Density in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Food insecurity occurs when a household lacks consistent access to food and is more prevalent in ethnic and racial minoritized populations. While there has been a proliferation of research linking food insecurity to obesity, these findings are mixed. It may be helpful to consider some additional geographic factors that may be associated with both factors including socioeconomic status and grocery store density. The purpose of the current study aimed to examine spatial relationships between food insecurity and SES/store density and BMI and SES/store density in a diverse sample of adolescents and young adults across two studies in a large, urban city. GIS analysis revealed that participants with the highest food insecurity (larger symbols) tend to live in the zip codes with the lowest median income. There did not appear to be clear a relationship between food insecurity and store density. Participants with the highest BMI tend to live in zip codes with lower median income and participants with higher BMI tended to live further away from downtown, which has the highest concentration of grocery stores in the city. Our findings may help to inform future interventions and policy approaches to addressing both obesity and food insecurity in areas of higher prevalence.</p>
Gene-environment interaction explains a part of missing heritability in human body mass index
<p>Gene-environment (G×E) interaction could partially explain missing heritability in traits; however, the magnitudes of G×E interaction effects remain unclear. Here, we estimate the heritability of G×E interaction for body mass index (BMI) by subjecting genome-wide interaction study data of 331,282 participants in the UK Biobank to linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and linkage disequilibrium adjusted kinships–software for estimating SNP heritability from summary statistics (LDAK-SumHer) analyses. Among 14 obesity-related lifestyle factors, MET score, pack years of smoking, and alcohol intake frequency significantly interact with genetic factors in both analyses, accounting for the partial variance of BMI. The G×E interaction heritability (%) and standard error of these factors by LDSC and LDAK-SumHer are as follows: MET score, 0.45% (0.12) and 0.65% (0.24); pack years of smoking, 0.52% (0.13) and 0.93% (0.26); and alcohol intake frequency, 0.32% (0.10) and 0.80% (0.17), respectively. Moreover, these three factors are partially validated for their interactions with genetic factors in other obesity-related traits, including waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted with BMI, and body fat percentage. Our results suggest that G×E interaction may partly explain the missing heritability in BMI, and two G×E interaction loci identified could help in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity.</p>
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
<p><span>Organismal energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life-history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow <em>(Passer domesticus</em>). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (M<sub>b</sub>) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway</span><span>.</span><span> These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed "common garden" population in 2012. With the use of a novel genetic group animal model concomitant with a genetically determined pedigree, we differentiate genetic and environmental sources of variation, thereby providing insight into the effects of spatial population structure on evolutionary potential. We found that the evolutionary potential of BMR was similar in the two source populations, whereas the Vega population had a somewhat higher evolutionary potential of M<sub>b</sub> than the Leka population. BMR was genetically correlated with M<sub>b</sub> in both populations, and the conditional evolutionary potential of BMR (independent of body mass) was 41% (Leka) and 53% (Vega) lower than unconditional estimates. Overall, our results show that there is potential for BMR to evolve independently of M<sub>b</sub>, but that selection on BMR and/or M<sub>b</sub> may have different evolutionary consequences in different populations of the same species.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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