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FIG. 9 in A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)

FIG. 9. — Diagram of the sylleibid type of aquiferous system organization, such as observed in Polejaevia, Paralelapia, and Leucilla. Abbreviations: cx, cortex; ch, choanoderm; a, atrium; ic, inhalant cavities; ec, exhalant cavities.

FIG. 7 in A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)

FIG. 7. — Diagram of the Sycetta type of organization of the sponge wall. Abbreviations: ps, pinacoderm and the skeletogenous layer; a, atrium; o, osculum. The arrow shows the direction of water flow.

FIG. 4 in A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)

FIG. 4. — An amphiblastula larva (a) in the parental sponge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scale bar: 8 µm.

FIG. 15 in A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)

FIG. 15. — Section of the wall of Ascute. Specimen from the Wilson collection collected near Port Philips Heads (Australia), BMNH 1983.6.9.33. Scale bar: 160 µm.

Figure 21. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 21. A, holotype of Guancha pellucida sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, habitus of a young specimen without a peduncle. os = osculum. Scale bar = 1 mm. C, triactine from the cormus. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, parasagittal triactine from the peduncle. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 19. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 19. A, habitus of a fixed specimen of Guancha lacunosa. Scale bar = 1 mm. B, regular to parasagittal triactines from the cormus (tc) and parasagittal triactines from the peduncle (tp). Scale bar = 100 µm. C, large diactines with an angle in the middle region (ld) and small distorted diactines (sd), all from the peduncle. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 15. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 15. A, Guancha blanca at 10 m depth. os = osculum. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, habitus of a fixed specimen. Scale bar = 1 cm. C, section through an ascon tube with mature oocytes (oc). Scale bar = 100 µm. D, slightly parasagittal triactine from the cormus. Scale bar = 100 µm. E, parasagittal triactines from the peduncle. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 13. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 13. A, fixed specimens of Guancha arnesenae sp. nov. H = holotype. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, parasagittal triactines from the cormus (tc) and from the peduncle (tp). Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 11. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 11. A, large specimen of Clathrina septentrionalis at 3 m depth. Note the large oscular tubes (os). Scale bar = 1 cm. B, holotype of Clathrina septentrionalis. os = osculum. Scale bar = 1 cm. C, spicules of C. septentrionalis. tr = regular triactines and te = regular tetractines. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, apical actine of a tetractine (ap). Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 3. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 3. A, Clathrina coriacea at 10 m depth. Scale bar = 5 cm. Note the many chimney-like oscula (arrow). B, habitus of a smaller fixed specimen. os = osculum. Scale bar = 1 cm. C, regular triactines from C. coriacea. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 9. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 9. A, Clathrina nanseni at 5 m depth. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, habitus of a fixed specimen. Scale bar = 1 cm. C, spicules of C. nanseni. tr = regular triactine. te = regular tetractine. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, tetractine with rudimentary and rounded apical actine. Scale bar = 100 µm. E, sharply pointed apical actine of a normal tetractine (ap). Scale bar = 100 µm. F, section of ascon tubes with the apical actines (ap) projecting into the interior of the tube. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 1. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 1. A, holotype of Clathrina corallicola sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, spicules of C. corallicola. lte = large tetractines, ste = small tetractines and str = small triactines. Scale bar = 200 µm. C, SEM photo of spicules of C. corallicola. ap = apical actine of sagittal tetractine. Scale bar = 200 µm. D, distribution of spicules seen from the atrial side of the tube wall. Note that the apical actines of the tetractines are orientated towards the interior of the tube. Scale bar = 200 µm.

Figure 5. A in Calcareous sponges of the genera Clathrina and Guancha (Calcinea, Calcarea, Porifera) of Norway (north-east Atlantic) with the description of five new species

Figure 5. A, Clathrina cribrata at 5 m depth. Scale bar = 1 cm. B, holotype of Clathrina cribrata. Note the many erect oscular tubes (arrow). Scale bar = 1 cm. C, regular triactines. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, transverse section of the osculum, showing the sieve of cells (cribrum). Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 38 in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 38. Clathrina hondurensis sp. nov. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, triactine. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 33. Clathrina tetractina. A, tetractines. B in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 33. Clathrina tetractina. A, tetractines. B, apical actine of a tetractine (arrow). Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 32. Clathrina tenuipilosa. A in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 32. Clathrina tenuipilosa. A, photograph of the paratype (¥ 40). B, triactines and a tetractine. C, some apical actines of tetractines projecting into a tube. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 31. Clathrina septentrionalis. A in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 31. Clathrina septentrionalis. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, triactines and a tetractine. C, apical actine of a tetractine. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 43 in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 43. Clathrina tetrapodifera sp. nov. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 4). B, triactines, tetractines, tripods and tetrapods (arrow). C, apical actine of a tetractine covered with spines. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 30. Clathrina sagamiana. A in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 30. Clathrina sagamiana. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, skeleton comprising tetractines and diactines (arrow). Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 37 in Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)

Figure 37. Clathrina sinusarabica sp. nov. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 4). B, triactines. Scale bar = 100 Mm.