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146 results for “Carcass”
FIGURE 13–24 in An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina
FIGURE 13–24. Habitus: 13, Philonthus quadraticeps Boheman; 14, P. discoideus (Gravenhorst); 15, P. bicoloristylus Chani- Posse; 16, P. bruchianus Chani-Posse; 17, P. flavolimbatus Erichson; 18, P. bonariensis Bernhauer; 19, P. longicornis Stephens; 20, P. argus Herman; 21, Styngetus viduus (Erichson); 22, Xenopygus analis (Erichson); 23, Nordus elytisi Chatzimanolis; 24, Oligotergus ogloblini Bernhauer.
FIGURE 1–12 in An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina
FIGURE 1–12. Habitus: 1, Atheta sp.; 2, Aleochara bonariensis Lynch; 3, A. puberula Klug; 4, A. signaticollis Fairmaire; 5, Anotylus Thomson; 6, Eulissus chalybaeus Mannerheim; 7, Neohypnus sp.; 8, Platydracus chrysotrichopterus Scheerpeltz; 9, Platydracus scabrosus (Curtis); 10; Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus); 11. Creophilus variegatus Mannerheim; 12, Belonuchus rufipennis (Fabricius).
FIGURE 42–49 in An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina
FIGURE 42–49. Abdomen: 42, Platydracus scabrosus; 43, Anotylus sp. Front tarsus: 44, Belonuchus rufipennis; 45, Philonthus longicornis; 46, Xenopygus analis; 47, Styngetus viduus. Femur: 48, Xenopygus analis; 49, Styngetus viduus. Abbreviation: Fe, femur.
Dataset on the content of Cu, Ni Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co and Ca in the carcass, gastrointestinal tract tissues and the whole body of nestlings of a small passerine bird, the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus
<p><span>The data include the description of the age and the </span><span>concentrations of </span><span>Cu, Ni Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co and Ca<span> measured in the </span>isolated, emptied gastrointestinal tract, <span>the whole body, and </span>carcass of the each individual nestling of a different age and hence a different stage of <span>post-natal development. The dataset includes also</span> some additional information on the breeding biology of the focal species. </span></p>
Data of carcass monitoring in rewilding mountain landscapes
<p><span>Rural abandonment and subsequent vegetation regeneration ('passive rewilding') are expected to increase worldwide, producing cascades of dynamic socioeconomic, landscape and biological changes. Although landscape characteristics strongly influence the structure and functioning of scavengers, little is known about the ecological consequences of passive rewilding due to woody encroachment (i.e., 'landscape closure') on scavenging assemblages. We investigated differences in 'scavenger assemblage composition' (species richness and abundances) and 'scavenging efficiency' (scavenging frequency, detection and consumption times and consumption rates) in a mountain agroecosystem (Pyrenees) undergoing passive rewilding.</span> <span>We monitored 178 carcasses in three landscapes: 'open', 'shrubland' and 'forest', and evaluated the effects of landscape type on 'scavenger assemblage composition' and 'scavenging efficiency' at the community and species levels, while accounting for the influences of carcass size, type and placement time. We also examined whether the locally most abundant and efficient scavenger (i.e., the griffon vulture <em>Gyps fulvus</em>) affects scavenging patterns. We found that landscape type was the main factor governing scavenging dynamics. Overall and average scavenger richness were similar in open and shrubland landscapes, while forests contained the lowest number of scavengers, mainly comprising mammals. Unlike mammals, avian scavenging frequency decreased as vegetation cover increased, especially for obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures). Scavenger abundances were highest in open landscapes, and carcasses were detected and consumed more rapidly in these landscapes. Carcass size did not influence detection and consumption times, although it did affect average scavenger richness, abundances and consumption rates. Consumption rates were higher in open landscapes and were strongly associated with the presence of griffon vultures. Interestingly, we found that griffon vultures influenced scavenging dynamics via facilitation processes. However, woody encroachment could </span><span>reduce the scavenging role of this species</span><span>, while favoring mammalian facultative scavengers. Finally, our findings highlight the pivotal role of griffon vultures, mediated by landscape characteristics, in reducing carcass persistence.</span></p>
Data from: Megafires attract avian scavenging but carcasses still persist
<p>AIM</p> <p>The effects of fires on vertebrate scavengers have not been characterised despite the importance of scavenging in shaping food web dynamics. We assessed whether the 2019/2020 megafires in Australia shifted the species richness, carcass detection, and feeding times of vertebrate scavengers, and whether the fire affected carcasses persistence times.</p> <p>LOCATION</p> <p>Blue Mountains, south-eastern Australia.</p> <p>METHOD</p> <p>We monitored vertebrate scavengers via remote cameras on a total of 60 experimentally placed kangaroo carcasses for 30 days in two periods before the megafire (January 2018 and 2019) and one period after the megafire (March 2020) in both open and closed canopy habitats. We compared vertebrate species richness, carcass discovery and scavenging activity before and after the fire and between the two habitats. We also assessed carcass persistence (time to carcass removal) before and after the fire and between the two habitats.</p> <p>RESULTS</p> <p>We collected more than 689,000 images of nine vertebrate scavengers including six avian, two mammal, and one reptile species. We detected no decline in scavenger species richness following the fire, and rates of carcass detection for mammals and reptiles did not differ across pre- and post-fire periods. On the other hand, avian scavengers detected carcasses faster in the post-fire period and in open compared to closed canopy habitats. Overall, scavengers increased their feeding times in the post-fire period, especially avian scavengers, but carcasses persisted longer in the post-fire period when compared to the second pre-fire period.</p> <p>MAIN CONCLUSION</p> <p>Our study identified that a widespread fire could influence avian scavenging dynamics, but that other factors affected carcass persistence times over the study period. Future monitoring of carcasses following fires should focus on the responses by both vertebrate and insect scavengers to fully elucidate the effects of these major disturbance events on critical ecosystem processes linked to decomposition.</p>
Carcass size, not source or taxon, dictates breeding performance and carcass use in burying beetle
<p>This repository contains the data and R code for analyzing the breeding outcomes, carcass use, and larval growth of the burying beetle as well as the nutritional composition of carcass tissue. (Information below is also provided in the README file.)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>01_Data_Raw: </strong>This folder contains three original datasheets recorded during data collection.</p> <p>File "Breeding_Data_All.xls": This file contains the raw data on carcass attributes, parent sizes, breeding outcomes, and carcass use from the breeding experiments. Each row represents an observation from one breeding pair.</p> <p>File "Nutrition_Data.xls": This file contains the raw data on the tissue nutrient content of lab and wild carcasses from the nutritional composition analysis. Each row represents an observation from one carcass tissue sample.</p> <p>File "Larval_Growth_Data.xls": This file contains the raw data on the larval weight from the feeding experiments. Each row represents an observation from one larva.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>02_R_Code:</strong> This folder contains the R scripts for data analyses and visualization.</p> <p>File "01_Data_Cleaning.R": This script cleans and organizes the raw datasheets in the folder "<strong>01_Data_Raw</strong>" and saves the cleaned datasheets in the folder "<strong>03_Outputs > Data_Clean</strong>" for data analyses and visualization.</p> <p>File "02_Models_by_Carcass_Source.R": The script analyzes the relationships between carcass size vs. breeding outcomes and carcass use efficiency on lab and wild carcasses.</p> <p>File "03_Models_by_Carcass_Taxon.R": The script analyzes the breeding outcomes on wild carcasses (mammals, birds, and reptiles).</p> <p>File "04_Models_Nutrition_and_Larval_Growth.R": This script analyzes the tissue nutrient content of lab and wild carcasses as well as the larval growth on these carcasses.</p> <p>File "05_Figures.R": This script generates the figures in the study.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>03_Outputs: </strong>This folder contains a subfolder "<strong>Data_Clean</strong>", which contains three cleaned datasheets used for data analyses and visualization.</p> <p>File "Breeding_Data_Clean.csv": This file contains cleaned data on carcass attributes, parent sizes, breeding outcomes, and carcass use from the breeding experiments. Each row represents an observation from one breeding pair.</p> <p>File "Nutrition_Data_Clean.csv": This file contains the cleaned data on the tissue nutrient content of lab and wild carcasses from the nutritional composition analysis. Each row represents an observation from one carcass tissue sample.</p> <p>File "Larval_Growth_Clean.csv": This file contains the cleaned data on the larval weight from the feeding experiments. Each row represents an observation from one larva.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Column descriptions</em></p> <p>File "Breeding_Data_Clean.csv":</p> <p>1. date: The starting date of the breeding experiments.</p> <p>2. carcass_sp_Chinese: The Chinese name of the carcass animal.</p> <p>3. carcass_type: The source of the carcass (lab or wild).</p> <p>4. carcass_taxon: The taxon of the carcass (mammal, bird, or reptile).</p> <p>5. carcass_weight: The initial weight of the carcass (g).</p> <p>6. parent_generation: The generation number of the breeding parents.</p> <p>7. pair_id: The ID of the breeding pair.</p> <p>8. generation_pair_id: The combined ID of the generation number and breeding pair.</p> <p>9. male_size: The pronotum width of the male parent (mm).</p> <p>10. female_size: The pronotum width of the female parent (mm).</p> <p>11. clutch_size: The number of eggs laid by the female.</p> <p>12. n_larvae: The number of larvae.</p> <p>13. total_larval_mass: The total weight of the larvae.</p> <p>14. carcass_weight_loss: The difference between the initial carcass weight and the carcass weight at the end of the breeding experiments.</p> <p>15. breeding_success: Whether there was at least one larva in the breeding container.</p> <p>16. prop_eggs_developed: The proportion of eggs that developed as larvae, calculated as the number of larvae divided by clutch size.</p> <p>17. average_larval_mass: The average weight of each larva, calculated as the total larval weight divided by the number of larvae.</p> <p>18. larval_density: The density of larvae on the carcass, calculated as the number of larvae divided by carcass weight.</p> <p>19. prop_carcass_used: The proportion of carcass tissue used by the larvae, calculated as carcass weight loss divided by the initial carcass weight.</p> <p> </p> <p>File "Nutrition_Data_Clean.csv":</p> <p>1. block_id: The ID of the analysis.</p> <p>2. carcass_id: The ID of the carcass.</p> <p>3. carcass_type: The source of the carcass (lab or wild).</p> <p>4. carcass_taxon: The taxon of the carcass (mammal, bird, or reptile).</p> <p>5. tissue_type: The type of the carcass tissue sampled (muscle or viscera).</p> <p>6. tissue_replication: The replication number of the tissue sample from each carcass.</p> <p>7. wet_mass_g: The wet weight of the tissue sample (g).</p> <p>8. water_mass_g: The water weight of the tissue sample (g). </p> <p>9. dry_mass_g: The dry weight of the tissue sample (g).</p> <p>10. protein_mass_g: The protein weight of the tissue sample (g).</p> <p>11. fat_mass_g: The fat weight of the tissue sample (g).</p> <p>12. total_mass_g: The total water, protein, and fat weight of the tissue sample (g).</p> <p>13. prop_protein: The proportion of protein content in the tissue sample, calculated as the protein weight divided by the total weight.</p> <p>14. prop_fat: The proportion of protein content in the tissue sample, calculated as the fat weight divided by the total weight.</p> <p> </p> <p>File "Larval_Growth_Clean.csv":</p> <p>1. block_id: The ID of the experimental block (two rounds of feeding experiments were conducted).</p> <p>2. carcass_id: The ID of the carcass (nested within the experimental block).</p> <p>3. carcass_type: The source of the carcass (lab or wild).</p> <p>4. carcass_taxon: The taxon of the carcass (mammal, bird, or reptile).</p> <p>5. tissue_type: The type of the carcass tissue sampled (muscle or viscera).</p> <p>6. larva_replication: The larva replication number (nested within each tissue type and carcass ID).</p> <p>7. tissue_mass_g: The weight of the carcass tissue fed to the larva.</p> <p>8. family_id: The family ID of the parents of the larva. </p> <p>9. success: Whether the larva survived.</p> <p>10. initial_larval_mass_g: The larval weight at the start of the experiment (g). </p> <p>11. end_larval_mass_g: The larval weight at the end of the experiment (g). </p> <p>12. larval_weight_gain_g: The difference between the initial larval weight and the end larval weight (g). </p> <p>13. mean_prop_protein: The average protein content of the three tissue samples from each carcass.</p> <p>14. mean_prop_fat: The average fat content of the three tissue samples from each carcass.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 7 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic placement of Rubyspira brasiliensis sp. nov. within gastropods based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. The maximum-likelihood tree is shown. Scale bar represents 0.1 nucleotide substitution per sequence position. The percentage of 1000 bootstrap resamplings in ML is shown for each branch. The Rubyspira gastropod examined in this study is highlighted. The accession numbers used for this study are following the operational taxonomic unit names.
FIGURE 5 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 5. Comparison of shell morphology of normal (A) and aberrant (B-D) specimens of Rubyspira brasiliensis sp. nov. A. holotype. B-D. aberrant specimens from the type locality obtained together with the holotype, NSMT-Mo 78945. All at the same scale. Scale = 1 mm. Anomalous relative shell length (L2) and width (W2) were measured as shown in A to compare the proportions of these specimens (Figure 6) because of the incomplete conditions of the apical part and outer lip of some specimens. L2 represents the length between the apical margin of the penultimate whorl and the intersection of the basal part of body whorl and aperture in the frontal view.
FIGURE 4 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 4. Radula and operculum of Rubyspira brasiliensis sp. nov., paratype #3, NSMT-Mo 78945, same specimen as the one illustrated in Figure 3. A. radula, a scanning electron micrograph. B: internal and external views of operculum. Scales: A = 100 µm; B = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 3. External anatomy of Rubyspira brasiliensis sp. nov., paratype #3, NSMT-Mo 78945. A: dorsal view with mantle longitudinally cut along the right side of ctenidium. B: ventral view. Abbreviations: cm, columellar muscle; ct, ctenidium; ctn, cephalic tentacle; ebv, efferent branchial vessel; lg, lateral groove; me, mantle edge; mp, metapodium; op, operculum; os, osphradium; pc, pericardium; pt, pallial tentacle; r, rectum; ro, renal organ; s, sole; sn, snout; st, stomach. Scales: A, B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 2. Shell of Rubyspira brasiliensis sp. nov. A-E: holotype, MZUSP 141885. F-H: paratype #1, NSMT-Mo 78943; H, enlarged image of the square area shown in G to show the detail of sculpture. Scales: A-G = 10 mm; H = 5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 6. Relationship between shell length and shell width of "normal" (rhomboids), and "aberrant" (gray squares) specimens. Because of the imperfect conditions of some specimens, shell length and width were represented by the parameters indicated in the Figure 5, as L2 and W2, respectively.
FIGURE 1. A in A new gastropod associated with a deep-sea whale carcass from São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic
FIGURE 1. A map showing the location of the deep-sea whale carcass at the São Paulo Ridge, where the present new species was collected.
FIGURES 21–25 in Four new Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from animal carcasses in Bangi, Malaysia
FIGURES 21–25. Megaselia selangorensis sp. n. male: 21—frons; 22—palp; 23—left side of thorax (m=mesopleuron, sc=scutellar bristle); 24—left face of hypopygium; 25—penis complex.
FIGURES 14–19 in Four new Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from animal carcasses in Bangi, Malaysia
FIGURES 14–19. Megaselia hyplongiseta sp. n. male: 14—frons; 15—postpedicels and palps; 16–18—hypopygium: 16—left face; 17—left face of epandrium; 18—right face; 19—hind femur.
FIGURES 11–12 in Four new Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from animal carcasses in Bangi, Malaysia
FIGURES 11–12. Megaselia sorobata Disney male: 11—left face of abdominal segment 6 and hypopygium; 12—segment 6.
FIGURES 1–6 in Four new Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from animal carcasses in Bangi, Malaysia
FIGURES 1–6. Megaselia bangiensis sp. n. male: 1—frons; 2—thorax and abdomen; 3–5—hypopygium; 3—left face; 4— hypandrium; 5—right face; 6—hind femur.
FIGURE 2 in Arthropod Succession On Pig Carcasses In Southeastern Nigeria
FIGURE 2: Succession pattern of the breeding arthropods on decomposing pig carcasses in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. E = eggs, L = larval instars and pupae, A = adults.
FIGURE 3 in Arthropod Succession On Pig Carcasses In Southeastern Nigeria
FIGURE 3: Succession pattern of the non-breeding arthropods on decomposing pig carcasses to under shade and out of shade in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. ◄ species taken only from carcasses out shade, ♦ species taken only from carcasses under shade.
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OpenNeuro
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