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FIGURE 5. The skull, NFL 2074 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 5. The skull, NFL 2074, referred specimen of Numataphocoena yamashitai in anterior view. 1, photo, 2, line art.

FIGURE 4. The skull, NFL 2074 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 4. The skull, NFL 2074, referred specimen of Numataphocoena yamashitai in lateral view. 1, photo, 2, line art.

FIGURE 6 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 6. Life restoration of Numataphocoena yamashitai. Art work by Tatsuya Shinmura (Ashoro Museum of Paleontology).

FIGURE 8 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 8. The maxillary terrace from the posterior dorsal infraorbital foramen on the maxilla. 1 and 2, NFL 7, the type of Numataphocoena yamashitai. 3 and 4, NFL 2074, the referred specimen.

FIGURE 3. The skull, NFL 2074 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 3. The skull, NFL 2074, referred specimen of Numataphocoena yamashitai in ventral view. 1, photo, 2, line art.

FIGURE 2. The skull, NFL 2074 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 2. The skull, NFL 2074, referred specimen of Numataphocoena yamashitai in dorsal view. 1, photo, 2, line art.

FIGURE 1. 1 in A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 1. 1, Locality maps, 2, stratigraphic sections of the locality based on previous studies which are mentioned in the text. This figure is modified from Tanaka (2016).

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Fig. 8 in New Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Artiodactyla, Cetacea, and Mesonychidae

Fig. 8. Strict consensus of 32 most parsimonious trees for the morphological data listed in appendix 3. Each most parsimonious tree is 1635 steps long (polymorphisms included as steps), has a consistency index of 0.31, and has a retention index of 0.60. Branchsupport values are immediately above and to the left of their respective nodes. Artiodactyla, Neoselenodontia, and Suiformes are monophyletic in all shortest trees. Taxon abbreviations: A, Artiodactyla; C, Cetacea; N, Neoselenodontia, P, Perissodactyla; R, Acreodi; U, Suiformes; X, Paraxonia.

Fig. 24 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 24. Posterior views of the ribs of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). The left 4th, 6th, 7th, and 13th and the right 2nd and 9th–12th ribs were not preserved. Anterior is to the top of the page, and the scale bar is 10 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 21 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 21. Anterior views of the fifth (A) and sixth thoracic (B) vertebrae of Carolinacetus gingerichi

Fig. 18 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 18. Axis vertebra (C2) of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral view (C), and anterior view of third cervical vertebra (D). Scale bars are 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 14 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 14. Teeth of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in labial view: right m2 (A), right C (B), right p4 (C), and left p3 (D). Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 16 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 16. Lateral views of the thoracic vertebrae (i.e.. T4–T7) of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). Scale bar is 10 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 13 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 13. Sutured anterior ends of the right and left mandibles of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. The lateral sides of the mandibles are not preserved, thus exposing the alveoli for the incisors and canines. Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 12 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 12. Posterior portion of the right mandible of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in lateral

Fig. 20 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 20. Anterior view of second thoracic vertebra of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 23 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 23. Anterior views of the seventh (A) and the eighth (B) thoracic vertebrae of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 11 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 11. Posterior portion of the left mandible of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. The great depth of the mandible between the coronoid process (cp) and the mandibular angle (man) is an autapomorphy of this genus. Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 10 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 10. Right tympanic bulla of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view. Most of the outer lip of the bulla was not preserved. Scale bar is 5 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.

Fig. 8 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina

Fig. 8. Ventrolateral view of the right petrosal of Carolinacetus gingerichi (ChM PV5401). Anterior is to the top of the page and the scale bar is 1 cm in length. See appendix 3 for anatomical abbreviations.