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482 results for “Chiton”
Fig. 3 in Intertidal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from southern Madagascar
Fig. 3. (A–P) Callistochiton ashbyi (Barnard, 1963), Lavanono, Madagascar, specimen n. 6 (Table 1), MZB: (A, B) head valve, dorsal and lateral views; (C–F) tail valve: (C, D) dorsal and lateral views, (E) detail of the sculpture of antemucronal area, (F) detail of longitudinal, granulose riblets; (G–K) intermediate valve: (G) dorsal view, (H) detail of longitudinal, granulose riblets of pleural area, (I) ventral view, (J) detail of slit, (K) frontal view; (L, M) radula: (L) complete view, (M) detail of central, first lateral and major lateral teeth, with the bilobed blade; (N–P) girdle elements: (N) dorsal scales, (O) ventral scales, (P) a single dorsal scale; (Q–X) Cryptoplax dupuisi Ashby, 1931, Lavanono, Madagascar: (Q–V) girdle elements: (Q) "naked" dorsal girdle, in correspondance of valves i–iv, (R) "normal" dorsal girdle of valves v–viii, (S) dorsal spicules, (T) marginal spicules, (U) ventral spicules on valves i–iv, (V) ventral spicules on valves v–viii; (W, X) radula: (W) complete view, (X) detail of an half row of teeth. Scale bars 1 mm (A–D, G, I, K), 500 μm (Q, R), 100 μm (E, F, H, J, L, N, O, S–X) and 50 μm (M, P).
Data from: Local adaptation in shell shape traits of a brooding chiton with strong population genomic differentiation
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The iron-responsive genome of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata
<p>Molluscs biomineralize structures that vary in composition, form, and function, prompting questions about the genetic mechanisms responsible for their production and the evolution of these mechanisms. Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) are a promising system for studies of biomineralization because they build a range of calcified structures including shell plates and spine- or scale-like sclerites. Chitons also harden the calcified teeth of their rasp-like radula with a coat of iron (as magnetite). Here we present the genome of the West Indian fuzzy chiton Acanthopleura granulata, the first from any aculiferan mollusc. The A. granulata genome contains homologs of many genes associated with biomineralization in conchiferan molluscs. We expected chitons to lack genes previously identified from pathways conchiferans use to make biominerals like calcite and nacre because chitons do not use these materials in their shells. Surprisingly, the A. granulata genome has homologs of many of these genes, suggesting that the ancestral mollusc may have had a more diverse biomineralization toolkit than expected. The A. granulata genome has features that may be specialized for iron biomineralization, including a higher proportion of genes regulated directly by iron than other molluscs. A. granulata also produces two isoforms of soma-like ferritin: one is regulated by iron and similar in sequence to the soma-like ferritins of other molluscs, and the other is constitutively translated and is not found in other molluscs. The A. granulata genome is a resource for future studies of molluscan evolution and biomineralization.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 4. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0147 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 4. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0147 (L = 22.03 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over normal valve IV drawing (red) (Above). Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over normal valve IV drawing (red) (Down). Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: a = apex; ap = apophysis; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1 = slit; slr1 = slit ray; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Figure 5. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0340 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 5. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0340 (L = 37.63 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal (black) over equivalent normal valves. Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: a = apex; ap = apophysis; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1-2 = slits; slr1 = slit ray; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Figure 10 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 10. Comparison of normal and abnormal individuals of Chiton granosus from Costa Verde. (A) Total body length and width. (B) Shell length and width. Abnormal individual represented by black point.
Figure 3. Chiton granosus, LABSIM 15.03.0164 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 3. Chiton granosus, LABSIM 15.03.0164 (L = 24.22 mm, curled). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over normal valve IV drawing (red). Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: ap = apophysis; cc = central callus; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1-2 = slits; slr1-2 = slit ray; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Figure 2. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0272 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 2. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0272 (L = 27 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over normal valve IV drawing (red) (Above).Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over normal valve IV drawing (red) (Down). Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: a = apex; ap = apophysis; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1-2 = slits; slr1-3 = slit rays; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Figure 8. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0004 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 8. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0004 (L = 33.94 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B, D) Dorsal view of the tail valve, showing the new insertion plate. (C) Ventral view of the tail valve. E, F, G. Close detail of the new insertion plate. Scale: 1 cm.
Figure 7. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0039 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 7. Chiton cumingsii, LABSIM 15.03.0039 (L = 26.9 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal valve IV (black) over equivalent normal valve. Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: a = apex; ap = apophysis; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1-2 = slits; slr1-2 = slit rays; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Figure 6. Chiton granosus, LABSIM 15.03.0103 in New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Figure 6. Chiton granosus, LABSIM 15.03.0103 (L = 34.61 mm). (A) Dorsal view of the body. (B) Dorsal view of separate valves. (C) Ventral view of separate valves. (D) Ventral drawing of abnormal valve III (black) over normal valve III drawing (red). Scale: 1 cm. Abbreviations: a = apex; ap = apophysis; jl = jugal laminae; jt = jugal tract; sl1 = slit; slr1 = slit ray; vtc = ventral tegmental callus.
Fig. 1 in Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) from São Tomé and Príncipe Islands
Fig. 1. Collecting localities of chitons from the São Tomé and Príncipe Islands.
Fig. 1 in Intertidal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from southern Madagascar
Fig. 1. Collecting locality (Madagascar, Lavanono).
The iron-responsive genome of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata
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Data from: Evolutionary consequences of microhabitat: population-genetic structuring in kelp- versus rock-associated chitons
Rafting has long been invoked as a key marine dispersal mechanism, but biologists have thus far produced little genetic evidence to support this hypothesis. We hypothesise that coastal species associated with buoyant seaweeds should experience enhanced population connectivity due to rafting. In particular, invertebrates strongly associated with the buoyant bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica might be expected to have lower levels of population genetic differentiation than taxa mainly exploiting non-buoyant substrates. We undertook a comparative genetic study of two co-distributed, congeneric chiton species, assessing population connectivity at scales of 61-516 km, using ≥186 polymorphic AFLP loci per species. Consistent with predictions, population genetic differentiation was weaker in the kelp-associated Sypharochiton sinclairi than in the rock-associated S. pelliserpentis. Additionally, while we found a significant positive correlation between genetic and oceanographic distances in both chiton species, the correlation was stronger in S. pelliserpentis (R2 = 0.28) than in S. sinclairi (R2 = 0.18). These data support the hypothesis that epifaunal taxa can experience enhanced population-genetic connectivity as a result of their rafting-ability.
FIGURES 27–30. Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897, disarticulated specimen from station 7, from a in Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897
FIGURES 27–30. Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897, disarticulated specimen from station 7, from a depth of 20 m (ZSM Moll 20050326). 27–28. Spicules of the dorsal perinotum, in situ. 29. Ventral perinotum scales, in situ. 30. Anterior portion of the radula, showing central and inner lateral teeth. Scale bars: 27–29 = 10 µm; 30 = 100 µm.
FIGURE 20 in Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897
FIGURE 20. Tonicia lebruni de Rochebrune, 1884, dorsal view of one syntype in MNHN, anterior at left (modified photograph kindly provided by Delphine Brabant, MNHN). 21–23. Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897, lectotype from Punta Arenas, Chile, from a depth of "8 Faden" [= 14.63 m] (ZMB Moll 102.006). 21. Dorsal view of the intermediate valves, anterior at left. 22. Right lateral view, anterior at left. 23. Dorsal view of the last two valves, anterior at top. 24–26. Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897, dorsal view of a disarticulated specimen from station 7, from a depth of 20 m (ZSM Moll 20050326), anterior at top. 24. Head valve. 25. Valve ii. 26. Tail valve.
FIGURE 14 in Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897
FIGURE 14. Nuttallochiton martiali (de Rochebrune in de Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) in situ (NRS), at station 7. 15. Underwater photograph of Chiton magnificus Deshayes, 1827 in situ (NRS), at station 7. 16. Underwater photograph of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897 in situ (NRS), at station 7. 17. Underwater photograph of Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827) in situ (NRS), at station 7. 18. Underwater photograph of Tonicia atrata (Sowerby, 1840) in situ (NRS), at station 11. 19. Underwater photograph of Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) in situ (ZSM Moll 20040961), at station 7, illustrated specimen measures c. 24 mm in length.
FIGURE 8 in Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897
FIGURE 8. Underwater photograph of a bacteria mat at an underwater spring with sulphurous water at station 3, the upper chiton is Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827) (ZSM Moll 20050025) illustrated specimen measures 17.3 mm in length, the lower Chiton magnificus Deshayes, 1827 (ZSM Moll 20050026) illustrated specimen measures 15.6 mm in length. 9. Underwater photograph of Tonicia atrata (Sowerby, 1840) in situ (ZSM Moll 20050020) at station 3, illustrated specimen measures c. 30 mm in length. 10. Underwater photograph of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897 in situ (NRS). 11. Underwater photograph of Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827) in situ (NRS) at station 7. 12. Underwater photograph of Tonicia smithi Leloup, 1980 in situ (ZSM Moll 20050012) at station 12, illustrated specimen measures c. 50 mm in length. 13. Underwater photograph of Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) in situ (ZSM Moll 20034100) at station 7, illustrated specimen measures c. 28 mm in length.
FIGURES 2–5 in Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897
FIGURES 2–5. Leptochiton medinae (Plate, 1899). 2. Dorsal view of the damaged specimen from station 3 (ZSM Moll 20050341). 3. Ventral view of the same specimen as Figure 2. 4. Dorsal view of a complete specimen from Isla Cailin, Chile (ZSM Moll 20000862). 5. Ventral view of same specimen as Figure 4. 6. dorsal view of Ischnochiton (Haploplax) pusio (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) from station 4 (ZSM Moll 20040967). 7. Underwater photograph of Chiton magnificus Deshayes, 1827 in situ (ZSM Moll 20034101) from station 7, illustrated specimen measures 26 mm in length. Scale bars: 2–6 = 1 mm.
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