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Fig. 6 in A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Fig. 6. Rigidohymena quadrinucleata, the basic scheme of two excystation modes. The standard mode: The beginning of excystation process is connected with formation of a transparent space between cyst wall and excysting cell. A little later, appears the excystation vacuole. The regenerating specimen breaks the cyst wall and escapes within the single, transparent membrane. The transparent membrane is broken by the excystant and resorbed in the enviroment. The rare mode: The beginning of excystation is associated, similarly, as in the standard mode, with formation of a transparent space and excystation vacuole. The regenerating specimen breaks the transparent membrane first, instead of breaking the whole cyst wall. Finally, the rest of the cyst wall is ruptured by the moving cell and the pressure of the excystation vacuole. The cell leaves the resting cyst. The transparent membrane remains in the empty cyst as a residual body.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Morphology and Molecular Analyses of a New Marine Ciliate, Arcuseries minima sp. nov. (Ciliophora: Urostylidae)

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on 18S rDNA sequences. The new sequence provided in the present work is indicated in bold and by a white arrow. Numbers at nodes indicate the bootstrap values of ML out of 1,000 replicates and the posterior probability of BI. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

Figs 4A–I in A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Figs 4A–I. Rigidohymena quadrinucleata, resting cysts and excystants in the light microscope, the standard mode of excystation. A–F – the beginning of excystation with formation of excystation vacuole and the cyst wall ruptures under the pressure of excystant and excystation vacuole (circular area marks the individual protuberances that were separated from the cyst wall); G–I – during the standard mode, the excystant breaks the cyst wall within the thin, transparent membrane. CW – cyst wall, EV – excystation vacuole, EX – excystant, TM – transparent membrane. Scale bars: 30 μm.

Figs 3A–H in A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Figs 3A–H. Rigidohymena quadrinucleata, resting cysts in the TEM. A–C – cross sections showing the cyst wall, the spine-like protuberances and the content of the resting cyst (arrowheads mark the poorly visible group of mitochondria, asterisks mark the surface protuberances); D – detail of the autophagic vacuoles; E, F – detail of the spine-like protuberances in the young and in mature resting cyst (asterisks mark the protuberances); G, H – the cortex of encysted cells with many regularly waved convex ridges. AV – autophagic vacuole, CS – "curious structure", EC – ectocyst, EN – endocyst, M – mitochondria, MC – mesocyst, MT – metacyst. Scale bars: 1 μm (B, C, E, F); 1,5 μm (G, H); 2 μm (A, D).

Figs 2A–I in A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Figs 2A–I. Rigidohymena quadrinucleata, resting cysts in the light microscope and in the SEM. A, B – young resting cysts without surface ornamentation; C, D – mature resting cysts with fully developed cyst wall (arrowhead marks endocyst); E, F – the cyst contents is squeezed out, macronuclear mass is visible; G – full view of cyst; H, I – surface view of the cyst wall showing the spine-like protuberances (asterisks). EC – ectocyst, EN – endocyst, MA – macronucleus, MC – mesocyst. Scale bars: 30 μm (A–F); 20 µm (G); 10 μm (H, I).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig.1 in The Use of Ciliates (Ciliophora) for Bioassay of the Toxicity of Insecticides

Fig.1. Changesinthespeciesrichnessofsoilciliatesafterapplicationofinsecticides "ConfidorExtra"(A) and "DecisProfi" (B) (exposure time 7days).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Trichodinids (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Of Perccottus Glenii (Actinopterygii, Odontobutidae) In Three Ukrainian Rivers

Fig. 2. Smears impregnated with silver nitrate (Klein 1958) from Chinese slipper from Ukrainian rivers: a — Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961; b — Trichodina intermedia Lom, 1961; c — Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski et Migala, 1968; d — Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; e — Trichodina pediculus Ehrenberg, 1838; f — Trichodina perforata Lom, 1976. Scale bar 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Trichodinids (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Of Perccottus Glenii (Actinopterygii, Odontobutidae) In Three Ukrainian Rivers

Fig. 1. The schematic map of investigated area. The sampling localities are mentioned by dots with corresponding numbers.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in First Japanese Record of Epistylis wuhanensis (Ciliophora: Epistylididae) Attached to Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda), with a List of Epistylis Species Attached to Metazoans in Japan

Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of Epistylis wuhanensis Wang, Zhou, Guo, and Gu, 2017 from Japan. A, E. wuhanensis attached to exposed cephalothorax of Lernaea cyprinacea; B, extended zooid, lateral view; C, contracted zooid, lateral view; D, extended zooid, apical view; E, scopula of extended zooid. Abbreviations: AMZ, adoral zone of membranelles; ATB, aboral trochal band; PD, peristomial disc; PL, peristomial lip; SC, scopula; ST, stalk; ZO, zooid.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in First Japanese Record of Epistylis wuhanensis (Ciliophora: Epistylididae) Attached to Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda), with a List of Epistylis Species Attached to Metazoans in Japan

Fig. 2. In vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis wuhanensis Wang, Zhou, Guo, and Gu, 2017 from Japan (MPM 21760). A, Colony of zooids; B–D, extended zooid, lateral view; E, abstomal region of infraciliature polykineties; F, extended zooid, apical view. Abbreviations: ATB, aboral trochal band; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV: contractile vacuole; CY, cytopharynx; G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; MN, macronucleus; P1–3, infundibular polykineties 1–3; PD, peristomial disc; PL, peristomial lip; Po, polykinety; SC, scopula; ST, stalk; ZO, zooid.

Fig. 6 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 6. Tintinnopsis estuariensis sp. nov. and its allied species. A. T. estuariensis; B. T. akkeshiensis; C. T. sufflata; D. T. kofoidi; E. T. radix; F. T. cylindrical. B and C after Hada (1937); D after Hada (1932a, b, 1937), Balech (1948), Alder (1999) and Zhang et al. (2012b); E after Kofoid and Campbell (1929), Xu and Song (2005); F after Kofoid and Campbell (1929) and Zhang et al. (2012a). Scale bar=50 μm.

Fig. 5 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 5. Surface water temperature (T, C) and salinity (S, ‰) in the sampling sites during four cruises in the estuary of Yangtze River in 2005. Different sizes of circles indicates different abundances (ind./ m3) of Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov. in the sampling site, and the solid dots means no individual were found in the according site.

Fig. 4 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 4. Distribution of surface temperature (T, C), salinity (S, ‰) and abundance (Abun, ind./ m3) in May, September and November of 2005.

Fig. 2 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 2. Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov., six different individuals with same scale. Scale bar=50 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Molecular data suggests the ciliate Mesodinium (Protista: Ciliophora) might represent an undescribed taxon at class level

Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of Mesodinium sp. in vivo. A. Representative individual, front view. B–E. Body shape, top/bottom

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Molecular data suggests the ciliate Mesodinium (Protista: Ciliophora) might represent an undescribed taxon at class level

Fig. 2. Models of the secondary structure of variable region 4 (V4) of the small subunit rRNA molecule, comparing helices 23_1, 23_2, 23_5 species. GenBank/EMBL accession numbers are enclosed in brackets. The number of nucleotides in Helix E23_1 for each species is given above which these species represent are marked in blue below each illustration.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Molecular data suggests the ciliate Mesodinium (Protista: Ciliophora) might represent an undescribed taxon at class level

Fig. 3. The comprehensive phylogenetic tree inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences using Maximum Likelihood analysis with the model selected by AIC in MRMODELTEST for Bayesian analysis. Numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap percentages from 1 000 replicates for ML analysis. Asterisks indicate bootstrap values less than 50% at a given node. Evolutionary distance is represented by the branch length separating the species in the figure. The scale bar corresponds to ten substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

Fig. 3 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 3. SEM images of major axis in Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov. Scale bars: A=100 μm; B – C=10 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Morphology of Two Eschaneustyla Species (Ciliophora, Urostylida), with Notes on Morphogenesis of Eschaneustyla lugeri

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of Eschaneustyla lugeri (A, B) and E. terricola (D, E) in life and E. lugeri after protargol impregnation (C, F–M). (A, B) Representative individuals. Arrow in A denotes the contractile vacuole. (C) Dorsal side to show the arrangement of extrusomes (arrows). (D) Arrangement of cortical granules. (E) Ventral view. Arrow marks the contractile vacuole. It should be noted that the specimen in E is slightly damaged, thus it doesn't present a narrowly rounded posterior end. (F–H) Ventral views of early dividers, to show the oral primordia of opisthe (F) and proter (arrow in G), the undulating membranes anlage (arrowhead in H) and the frontoventral cirral anlagen (arrow in H). (I) Dorsal view of an early divider to show the intrakinetal development of dorsal kineties anlagen (arrows). (J) Fusion of macronuclear nodules. (K–M) Ventral views of middle dividers. Note that right marginal anlage develops intrakinetally (arrow in K). Arrow in L denotes the formation of the leftmost frontal cirri from frontoventral cirral anlage I. In M, arrow marks the frontoventral cirral anlage n that becomes the frontoterminal row and arrowhead depicts the penultimate frontoventral cirral anlage that forms midventral row 1, respectively. Ma, macronuclear nodules. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E); 40 μm (C, F, G, I); 15 μm (D, J); 25 μm (H, K–M).

Fig. 8. A–H in A Huge Diversity of Metopids (Ciliophora, Armophorea) in Soil from the Murray River Floodplain, Australia. II. Morphology and Morphogenesis of Lepidometopus platycephalus nov. gen., nov. spec.

Fig. 8. A–H. Lepidometopus platycephalus, ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus of a late divider (A, B), early post-dividers (C–F), and a late post-divider (G, H) in protargol preparations. Arrowheads in (A, B) mark barren area that forms at the posterior end of the proter and at the anterior end of the opisthe after the parental somatic ciliary rows split in the middle. Dashed lines in (D, F) delimit the flattened anterior body portion, i.e., the preoral dome. AZP – adoral zone of polykinetids; CP – cytopharynx; CV – contractile vacuole; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; OAZP – opisthe's adoral zone of polykinetids; OPM – opisthe's paroral membrane; OPS – opisthe's perizonal stripe; PAZP – proter's adoral zone of polykinetids; PD – preoral dome; PM – paroral membrane; PPM – proter's paroral membrane; PPS – proter's perizonal stripe; PS – perizonal stripe; SK – somatic kineties. Scale bars: 20 µm.