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149 results for “Clupeiformes”
Fig. 5. A in Resurrection of nominal species previously regarded as junior synonyms of Thrissina baelama (Fabricius, 1775) and their re-descriptions (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)
Fig. 5. A, Holotype of Anchovia evermanni, USNM 51719, 105.0 mm, and B, paratype of Anchovia evermanni, USNM 451580, 98.3 mm SL, Apia, Samoa.
Fig. 4 in Resurrection of nominal species previously regarded as junior synonyms of Thrissina baelama (Fabricius, 1775) and their re-descriptions (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)
Fig. 4. Distributional records of Thrissina baelama (triangles), T. evermanni (squares), T. polynemoides (diamonds), T. samam (circles), and T. tuberculosa (star), based on specimens examined in this study.
Fig. 2 in Resurrection of nominal species previously regarded as junior synonyms of Thrissina baelama (Fabricius, 1775) and their re-descriptions (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)
Fig. 2. Scatter plots of principal component 2 and 3 scores on 26 measurements and counts of total gill rakers on first to fourth gill arches for specimens of Thrissina baelama (triangles), T. evermanni (squares), T. polynemoides (diamonds), T. samam (circles), and T. tuberculosa (stars).
Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
<p>Migration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and non-diadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale, diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and non-diadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits, and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate traitspace and suggest these respective traitspaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome. </p>
Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
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Fig. 1 in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the gannet's colonies in
Supplementary Materials for: Phylogenomics, lineage diversification rates, and the evolution of diadromy in Clupeiformes (anchovies, herrings, sardines, and relatives)
<p>Migration independently evolved numerous times in animals, with a myriad of ecological and evolutionary implications. In fishes, perhaps the most extreme form of migration is diadromy, the migration between marine and freshwater environments. A key and longstanding question is how does diadromy influence lineage diversification rates? Many diadromous species travel long distances during migration, have large geographic ranges, and use isolated freshwater habitats, which may increase the likelihood of speciation. Alternatively, diadromy may reduce lineage diversification rates if migration facilitates gene flow, homogenizing populations and stymieing speciation. Clupeiformes (herrings, sardines, shads and anchovies) is a model clade for testing hypotheses about the evolution of diadromy because it includes an exceptionally high proportion of diadromous species and several independent evolutionary origins of diadromy. However, relationships among major clupeiform lineages remain unresolved with sparse (<50%) sampling of diadromous species, limiting the resolution of phylogenetically-informed statistical analyses. We assembled a phylogenomic dataset and used multi-species coalescent and concatenation approaches to generate the most comprehensive, highly-resolved clupeiform phylogeny to date, clarifying relationships among major clades of Clupeiformes, revealing taxa requiring revision, and identifying recalcitrant relationships needing further examination. Using this phylogeny as the evolutionary framework for downstream comparative analyses, we tested the hypothesis that diadromous lineages diversified faster than lineages restricted to either marine or freshwater habitats. We found that transitions to diadromy were more common than transitions from diadromy to non-diadromy. The largest lineage diversification rate increase in clupeiforms is associated with a transition to diadromy, but we uncovered little statistical support for categorically faster lineage diversification rates in diadromous versus non-diadromous fishes. We propose that diadromy may increase the potential for accelerated lineage diversification, particularly in species that migrate long distances, but this potential may only be realized in certain biogeographic contexts.</p>
Data from: Dine and dash: How trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in Clupeiform fishes
<p>Understanding how interactions between multiple selective forces influence traits at the macroevolutionary scale is key to understanding adaptive landscapes. Diadromy, an extreme form of migration between marine and freshwater environments, is thought to require locomotory traits conducive to long-distance migration. Yet, other selective forces, such as predator avoidance, habitat use, and prey acquisition, are also likely to shape locomotory adaptation in fishes. We examined how diadromy and trophic ecology together influenced locomotory trait diversity across <em>Clupeiformes</em>, a clade of fishes containing high trophic diversity and numerous transitions to diadromy. We found that both diadromy and trophic ecology influenced the pattern and pace of trait evolution. Diadromous taxa rapidly evolved traits characterized by high cruising efficiency, but the extent to which diadromous and non-diadromous taxa differed depended on their trophic ecology. Macropredators showed greater differences in locomotory traits between diadromous and non-diadromous taxa than phytodetritivores and micropredators, suggesting that traits conducive to migration might be most costly to consumers of evasive prey. This work shows that simultaneously characterizing the roles of multiple ecological or life-history factors in phenotypic evolution can bring the topography of adaptive landscapes into sharper focus and provide a more holistic view of the forces driving patterns of trait evolution.</p>
Figure 2. – Clupea harengus. A in Range extension of the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) southern part of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Figure 2. – Clupea harengus. A: MHNUSC25163-1, 285 mm TL; B: MHNUSC25163-2, 300 mm TL.
Fig. 8 in Fig. 6. A in , a New Anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Northern Territory, Australia.
Fig. 8. Full-face view (A) and profile view (B) of Anillidris bruchi (UFV-LABECOL-004260).
Table 1 in A new possible breeding site of Alosa fallax (Lacépède 1803) (Actinopterygii: Clupeiformes: Alosidae) on the Tyrrhenian coast of Central Italy
<p>Table 1 - Averaged values of biometric measurements of <i>Alosa fallax</i> individuals caught in the Mignone river. Legenda: X = arithmetic means; SD = standard deviation; Min = minimum and Max = maximum values; TL= total length; SL = standard length; HH, HL= head height and length; ED = eye diameter; POD = the distance between mouth and eye or periorbital distance; PDDF = predorsal distance of dorsal fin; PDAF = predorsal distance of adipose fin; BHa, BHb = maximum and minimum body heights; BAF = distance between dorsal and caudal fins; HDF, DFL = dorsal fin height and length; HPF, PFL = pectoral fin height and length; HVF, VFL = ventral fin height and length; HAF, AFL = anal fin height and length (HAF, AFL). All length measures are in mm. W = Weight, in grams. / Valori medi delle misure biometriche di individui di <i>Alosa fallax</i> catturati nel fiume Mignone. Legenda: X = medie aritmetiche; SD = deviazione standard; Min = valori minimi e Max = valori massimi; TL= lunghezza totale; SL = lunghezza standard; HH, HL= altezza e lunghezza della testa; ED = diametro dell’occhio; POD = distanza tra bocca e occhio o distanza periorbitale; PDDF = distanza predorsale della pinna dorsale; PDAF = distanza predorsale della pinna adiposa; BHa, BHb = altezza massima e minima del corpo; BAF = distanza tra pinna dorsale e caudale; HDF, DFL = altezza e lunghezza della pinna dorsale; HPF, PFL = altezza e lunghezza della pinna pettorale; HVF, VFL = altezza e lunghezza della pinna ventrale; HAF, AFL = altezza e lunghezza della pinna anale (HAF, AFL). Tutte le misure di lunghezza sono espresse in mm. W = peso, in grammi.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Morphometric character</th><th>Males (N=11)</th><th>Females (N=7)</th></tr><tr><th></th><th>X</th><th>Min</th><th>Max</th><th>SD</th><th>X</th><th>Min</th><th>Max</th><th>SD</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>TL</b></th><td>462.00</td><td>402</td><td>515</td><td>34.25</td><td>505.14</td><td>469</td><td>531</td><td>19.33</td></tr><tr><th><b>SL</b></th><td>408.45</td><td>352</td><td>449</td><td>31.15</td><td>444.71</td><td>410</td><td>476</td><td>22.68</td></tr><tr><th><b>HH</b></th><td>81.90</td><td>62.8</td><td>94.6</td><td>11.06</td><td>92.16</td><td>77.8</td><td>99</td><td>6.77</td></tr><tr><th><b>HL</b></th><td>88.42</td><td>76.1</td><td>99</td><td>7.31</td><td>91.20</td><td>79.6</td><td>103</td><td>8.42</td></tr><tr><th><b>POD</b></th><td>18.46</td><td>15.5</td><td>21.8</td><td>1.94</td><td>0.23</td><td>17.7</td><td>24.1</td><td>2.49</td></tr><tr><th><b>ED</b></th><td>14.27</td><td>11.4</td><td>16.6</td><td>1.66</td><td>14.59</td><td>12</td><td>16.2</td><td>1.50</td></tr><tr><th><b>PDDF</b></th><td>177.55</td><td>151</td><td>201</td><td>17.03</td><td>183.00</td><td>162</td><td>200</td><td>13.71</td></tr><tr><th><b>PDAF</b></th><td>236.82</td><td>204</td><td>262</td><td>19.75</td><td>252.29</td><td>215</td><td>273</td><td>20.31</td></tr><tr><th><b>BAF</b></th><td>134.00</td><td>119</td><td>152</td><td>11.33</td><td>152.57</td><td>122</td><td>163</td><td>14.37</td></tr><tr><th><b>BHa</b></th><td>93.81</td><td>74.9</td><td>106</td><td>10.84</td><td>108.00</td><td>94</td><td>114</td><td>7.09</td></tr><tr><th><b>BHb</b></th><td>66.85</td><td>59.1</td><td>74.3</td><td>5.59</td><td>78.37</td><td>57.3</td><td>91.4</td><td>10.63</td></tr><tr><th><b>HDF</b></th><td>49.25</td><td>40.2</td><td>55.6</td><td>5.11</td><td>54.21</td><td>30</td><td>68.4</td><td>16.44</td></tr><tr><th><b>DFL</b></th><td>59.72</td><td>49.2</td><td>66.6</td><td>6.13</td><td>71.64</td><td>65</td><td>76.3</td><td>5.18</td></tr><tr><th><b>HPF</b></th><td>55.11</td><td>48.7</td><td>64.4</td><td>4.67</td><td>54.73</td><td>45</td><td>67.5</td><td>8.24</td></tr><tr><th><b>PFL</b></th><td>31.38</td><td>24.7</td><td>39.5</td><td>4.56</td><td>30.37</td><td>20.8</td><td>45.2</td><td>9.45</td></tr><tr><th><b>HVF</b></th><td>31.73</td><td>22.8</td><td>40.1</td><td>5.29</td><td>41.70</td><td>32</td><td>52.6</td><td>6.77</td></tr><tr><th><b>VFL</b></th><td>30.02</td><td>26.6</td><td>33.5</td><td>2.52</td><td>27.66</td><td>20</td><td>36.7</td><td>5.89</td></tr><tr><th><b>HAF</b></th><td>26.10</td><td>16.8</td><td>33</td><td>5.00</td><td>27.01</td><td>23</td><td>30.2</td><td>2.44</td></tr><tr><th><b>AFL</b></th><td>67.25</td><td>53.2</td><td>77.2</td><td>8.29</td><td>69.87</td><td>56</td><td>83.4</td><td>11.55</td></tr><tr><th><b>W</b></th><td>569.64</td><td>491</td><td>693</td><td>62.33</td><td>896.57</td><td>801</td><td>1024</td><td>79.42</td></tr></tbody></table>
Supplementary materials for: Phylogenomics, lineage diversification rates, and the evolution of diadromy in clupeiformes (anchovies, herrings, sardines, and relatives)
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Data from: Dine and dash: How trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in Clupeiform fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 3 in Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines
FIGURE 3. Left side of caudal-fin complex of Stolephorus babarani n. sp. (KAUM–I. 91884, 80.5 mm SL, cleared and stained. Caudal-fin rays removed). hyu, hypural; parh, parhypural bone.
FIGURE 2 in Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines
FIGURE 2. Left side of left hyoid arch of Stolephorus babarani n. sp. (KAUM–I. 91884, 80.5 mm SL, cleared and stained). hyph lo, lower hypohyal; hypo up, upper hypohyal; chy, ceratohyal; gha, groove for hyoidean artery; eph, epihyal; inh, interhyal; bra, branchiostegal rays.
FIGURE 1 in Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Stolephorus babarani n. sp. KAUM–I. 62918, 75.6 mm SL, Panay Island, Visayas, Philippines.
FIGURE 4 in Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines
FIGURE 4. Relationships of (A) head length (as % of SL), (B) distance between dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion (D–P1; as % HL), and (C) snout length (as % SL) in Stolephorus babarani n. sp. (open circles; HL / SL: Y = -0.0333X + 27.078, p value <0.01; D–P1 / HL: Y = 0.377X + 114.41, p value <0.05), S. bataviensis (closed squares; HL / SL: Y = -0.0427X + 29.796, p value <0.000001; D–P1 / HL: Y = 0.3023X + 100.58, p value <0.0001) and S. baweanensis (closed triangles; HL / SL: Y = -0.0357X + 27.833, p value <0.01; D–P1 / HL: Y = 0.3207X + 112.9, p value <0.02). Solid, parallel, and dotted lines indicate regression lines for S. babarani, S. bataviensis, and S. baweanensis, respectively. Non-significant regressions of snout length of each species (p value> 0.05) are not given.
FIGURE 6 in Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines
FIGURE 6. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 60 specimens of the genus Stolephorus (Clupeiformes; Engraulidae) using the cytochrome b and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes (total: 1,788 base pairs). Stolephorus babarani n. sp. forms a monophyletic group, sister to Stolephorus baweanensis. They are separated by> 6% (combined COI and cytochrome b) mean p-distance to each other. Specimen labels include Museum collection numbers or specimen code. Specimens of Stolephorus indicus and Stolephorus commersonii are collectively used to root this tree. Branch lengths are proportional to number of substitutions (scale unit is number of nucleotide substitutions per site). Numbers given at nodes are Bootstrap Proportions (shown only for interspecific relationships).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of anchovy, Encrasicholina sigma (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), from Sulawesi, Indonesia
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Encrasicholina sigma n. sp., BMNH 1981.7.29.296, 75.5 mm SL, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
FIGURE 8 in Morphological and systematic reassessment of † Knightia brasiliensis Woodward, 1939 (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) from the Pliocene of Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 8. †Paleopiquitinga brasiliensis. Preural vertebrae and anal fin of DGM 33, scale bar = 0.3 cm.
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