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980 results for “Coping”
Fig. 14 in Redescription of Astyanax obscurus (Hensel, 1870) and A. laticeps (Cope, 1894) (Teleostei: Characidae): two valid freshwater species originally described from rivers of Southern Brazil
Fig. 14. Projection of individual scores in the space of first and second Principal Component axis for the populations of males of Astyanax laticeps.
Figure 1. A in The predator becomes the prey: the katydid Erechthis gundlachi Bolívar, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) feeding upon the Cuban lizard Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), with some notes on Hispaniolan Erechthis Bolívar, 1888
Figure 1. A. Male of Anolis viridius Köhler & Blair Hedges, 2016 preying upon Erechthis ayiti at Polo, Bahoruco, southwestern Dominican Republic. B. Female of Anolis cyanostictus Mertens, 1939 preying upon a juvenile female unidentified Conocephalinae at National Botanical Garden, Santo Domingo, southern Dominican Republic. Photos courtesy Fr. Alejandro Sánchez.
Figure 2. Adult female Erechthis gundlachi predating upon a in The predator becomes the prey: the katydid Erechthis gundlachi Bolívar, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) feeding upon the Cuban lizard Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), with some notes on Hispaniolan Erechthis Bolívar, 1888
Figure 2. Adult female Erechthis gundlachi predating upon a juvenile male Anolis homolechis at La Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba, southeastern Cuba: A. Photographed at nature when found. B. Photographed after preservation, with millimetric scale for reference.
Pauni (पौनि Bhandārā district) Maharashtra. Coping stone with inscription
<p>Pauni (पौनि Bhandārā district) Maharashtra. Coping stone with inscription.</p>
Fig. 17.4 in Chapter 17: Gigantism, Dwarfism, and Cope's Rule: "Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense without a Phylogeny"
Fig. 17.4. Left, phylogeny of the Equidae, with emphasis on the North American record. Right, temporal distribution of the Equidae, with relative size indicated by skull length derived from toothlength dimensions (see appendix 17.2 and methodology discussion in text). Branches indicated by A, B, and C represent bodysize increase (giantism); D, E, F, and G represent bodysize decrease (nanism).
Fig. 17.2 in Chapter 17: Gigantism, Dwarfism, and Cope's Rule: "Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense without a Phylogeny"
Fig. 17.2. (a) The most recent phylogenetic hypothesis of varanid relationships based on mtDNA (Ast, 2001) compared to (b) a compilation of the hypotheses of bodysize evolution of varanids (taken from Pianka, 1995). The maximum total lengths for the species were retrieved from King and Green, 1999, and Mertens, 1942; these are listed in appendix 17.1. Note the following terminal clades were collapsed for the sake of brevity: Varanus salvator togianus, V. salvator bivittatus, V. indicus, and V. panoptes (horni).
Fig. 17.3 in Chapter 17: Gigantism, Dwarfism, and Cope's Rule: "Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense without a Phylogeny"
Fig. 17.3. Patterns of bodysize evolution in fossil horses from North America, based on MacFadden (1987; modified figure reproduced in MacFadden, 1992). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
Fig. 17.1 in Chapter 17: Gigantism, Dwarfism, and Cope's Rule: "Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense without a Phylogeny"
Fig. 17.1. Threetaxon statements illustrating the four kinds of bodysize change discussed in the text.
Fig. 1. Extant helodermatid lizard Heloderma suspectum Cope, 1869 in Helodermatid lizard from the Mio-Pliocene oak-hickory forest of Tennessee, eastern USA, and a review of monstersaurian osteoderms
Fig. 1. Extant helodermatid lizard Heloderma suspectum Cope, 1869 (ETVP 7096). A. An overall appearance of the osteoderm pattern on the cranial and nuchal regions. B. A close−up of the osteoderms exemplifying the morphology.
Fig. 3. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 in Tooth microstructure of the Early Permian aquatic predator Stereosternum tumidum
Fig. 3. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 from Passo do São Borja outcrop, Irati Formation, Lower Permian of the Paraná Basin; UFRGS-PV-0378-P. A. Close view of the tooth attachment complex (the tooth wall is at the left). An anchorage trabecula is indicated, partly composed of avascular cementum and partly of alveolar bone. It is also possible to individualize the layers of orthodentine, externalmost vasodentine and interglobular dentine (at the right). B. Schematic drawing ofA. C. Detail of an anchorage trabecula, viewed in reflected light optical microscopy. Abbreviations: ab, alveolar bone; ce, cementum; igd, interglobular dentine; od, orthodentine; tr, anchorage trabecula; vc, vascular canalicle; vd, vasodentine.
Fig. 2. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 in Tooth microstructure of the Early Permian aquatic predator Stereosternum tumidum
Fig. 2. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 from Passo do São Borja outcrop, Irati Formation, Lower Permian of the Paraná Basin; UFRGS-PV-0378-P. A. Composite photograph of a longitudinal cut of the anteriormost preserved tooth. B. Closer view of the distal extremity of the same tooth. The enamel layer is visible in a lighter color. Some dentinary tubules are indicated. C. Closer view of a section of the base of the same tooth, indicating the mixed composition of the dentinary wall. The crenulated boundary surface between the dentinary wall and the pulp is shown. Dashed lines indicate two denteons, and some vascular canalicles are also noted. Abbreviations: cs, crenulated surface of the pulp-dental boundary; igd, interglobular dentine; od, orthodentine; vc, vascular canalicle; vd, vasodentine.
Fig. 1. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 in Tooth microstructure of the Early Permian aquatic predator Stereosternum tumidum
Fig. 1. Mesosaurid parareptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886 from Passo do São Borja outcrop, Irati Formation, Lower Permian of the Paraná Basin. A. UFRGS-PV-0378-P. Lateral view of the partial left dentary (A 1), before abrasion. The rostral portion is to the left. Enlarged partial view (A 2), highlighting some of the pores of the anterior region of the dentary. B. UFRGS-PV-0378-P. Partial abrasion of specimen (B 1), showing the alternation of empty and tooth-bearing sockets Arrows indicate two consecutive empty sockets that break the alternate pattern. The partially exposed meckelian cavity is also indicated. Detail (B 2), some anchorage trabeculae are indicated. Thin section of the anterior tooth from B2 (B 3), shown in oblique cut. Dashed line indicates the boundary between alveolar bone and dentary bone. Two trabeculae are also pointed. At the base of the tooth, some canalicles are indicated, connecting the pulp cavity with the dentary bone. Enlarged view (B 4) of the alveolar wall indicated in B3. Large white arrows point to the boundary between the alveolar bone and the dentary bone. The space between the alveolar bone and the cementum layer that covers the tooth base is indicated between dashed lines, and was supposedly filled in life with soft periodontal ligament. Abbreviations: ab, alveolar bone; bc, bone cell lacunae; ce, cementum; db, dentary bone; dw, dentine wall; es, empty tooth socket; mc, meckelian channel; pl, inferred location of periodontal ligament; tr, anchorage trabecula.
Figure 1. A in Rediscovery of the Lake Urmia newt, Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862 (Caudata: Salamandridae) in northwestern Iran after 150 years
Figure 1. A new locality, Oshnaviyeh (11) and other known localities of Neurergus crocatus: 1) Beytüşşebap, 2) Şemdinli, 3) Agrah, 4) Shiwolak, 5) Tajeka, 6) Barzan, 7) Girbish, 8) Roste, 9) Smilan, 10) Nawanda. The hatched part shows our studied area, which also covers the unknown exact location of Cope's original "terra typica."
Linked collectors and determiners for: The Bush Vipers, genus Atheris Cope, 1862 (Squamata: Viperidae) of Bioko Island Gulf of Guinea, with the description of a new species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The Bush Vipers, genus Atheris Cope, 1862 (Squamata: Viperidae) of Bioko Island Gulf of Guinea, with the description of a new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d6d2d99d-db64-4025-a012-16c5e122f18b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d6d2d99d-db64-4025-a012-16c5e122f18b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d6d2d99d-db64-4025-a012-16c5e122f18b">https://gbif.org/dataset/d6d2d99d-db64-4025-a012-16c5e122f18b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Deep-time convergent evolution in animal communication presented by shared adaptations for coping with noise in lizards and other animals
<p>Convergence in communication appears rare compared to other forms of adaptation. This is puzzling, given communication is acutely dependent on the environment and expected to converge in form when animals communicate in similar habitats. We uncover deep-time convergence in territorial communication between two groups of tropical lizards separated by over 140 million years of evolution: the Southeast Asian Draco and Caribbean Anolis. These groups have repeatedly converged in multiple aspects of display along common environmental gradients. Robot playbacks to free-ranging lizards confirmed the most prominent convergence in display is adaptive, as it improves signal detection. We then provide evidence from a sample of the literature to further show convergent adaptation among highly divergent animal groups is almost certainly widespread in nature. Signal evolution is therefore curbed towards the same set of adaptive solutions, especially when animals are challenged with the problem of communicating effectively in noisy environments.</p>
Fig. 3 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 3. Variation of the type series showing the dorsal (left column) and ventral (right column) views of paratypes. A–B. ♂, CORBIDI 14468 (SVL = 54.5). C–D. ♂, CORBIDI 14469 (SVL = 59.6). E–F. ♀, CORBIDI 14470 (SVL = 51.6).
Fig. 8 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 8. Lateral views comparing the condition of tubercles on flanks and sides of the neck (red arrows) and anterodorsal scales on limbs (green arrows). A. Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov. (paratype ♂, CORBIDI 14468). B. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (uncollected ♂) from Yurimaguas. C. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875, ♂ (CORBIDI 9516) from Cerros de Kampankis. Photographs by Germán Chávez (A), Angel Chujutalli (B) and Alessandro Catenazzi (C).
Fig. 4 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 4. Lateral (left columns) and dorsal (right columns) views of the head of all species of Potamites Doan & Castoe, 2005, showing condition of superciliars (turquoise), loreal (purple), frontonasals (yellow), parietals and interparietal (blue), postparietals (red), and azygous scales (green). A–B. P. hydroimperator sp. nov. (CORBIDI 13915, holotype). C–D. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (CORBIDI 9059). E–F. P. erythrocularis Chávez & Catenazzi, 2014 (MUSM 28056, holotype). G–H. P.juruazensis Avila-Pires & Vitt, 2001 (CORBIDI 15504). I–J. P. montanicola Chávez & Vasquez, 2012 (CORBIDI 8322, holotype). K–L. P. ocellatus Sinitsin, 1930 (AMNH 22512, holotype). M–N. P. strangulatus Cope, 1868 (CORBIDI 11415). O–P. P. trachodus Uzzell, 1966 (CORBIDI 15515).
Fig. 7 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 7. Keeled dorsum in species of Potamites Doan & Castoe, 2005 showing the pattern of the dorsolateral keeled rows (blue) and paravertebral keeled rows (red). A. P. hydroimperator sp. nov. (CORBIDI 13915, holotype). B. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (CORBIDI 11338). C. P. erythrocularis Chávez & Catenazzi, 2014 (CORBIDI 21841). D. P.juruazensis Avila-Pires & Vitt, 2001 (MPEG 17775, holotype). E. P. montanicola Chávez & Vasquez, 2012 (CORBIDI 8322, holotype). F. P. ocellatus Sinitsin, 1930 (AMNH 22512, holotype). G. P. trachodus Uzzell, 1966 (CORBIDI 15515).
Fig. 2 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 2. Holotype in life of Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov., CORBIDI 13915 (SVL = 59.4 mm). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view of the head.
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