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100 results for “Crocodylus”
Figure 3. A in First European evidence for transcontinental dispersal of Crocodylus (late Neogene of southern Italy)
Figure 3. A, frontal and prefrontal (RGM 455203) in dor-
Figure 1 in First European evidence for transcontinental dispersal of Crocodylus (late Neogene of southern Italy)
Figure 1. Left premaxilla (DSTF GH1) in dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
Data from: Phylogenomics reveals novel relationships among Neotropical crocodiles (Crocodylus spp.)
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Data from: Osteology of Crocodylus palaeindicus from the late Miocene–Pleistocene of South Asia and the phylogenetic relationships of crocodyloids
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Effect of the Central American Isthmus on gene flow and divergence of the American crocodile Crocodylus acutus
<p>The final formation of the Central American Isthmus (CAI) about 3.5 Ma altered global ocean circulation, connected North and South America terrestrial biotas and established the Caribbean Sea. The nature of this event creates a natural scenario to test vicariance, divergence, and speciation by allopatry. Studies have shown the effect of the CAI on marine and terrestrial species, but none have examined a large-bodied amphibious taxon. We used RAD sequencing on populations of the American crocodile <em>Crocodylus acutus</em>, to study the genomic variation of <em>C. acutus</em> on both sides of the CAI, infer its demographic history and measure the effect of the opening of the Panama Canal. Our results showed three genomic clusters: 1) Caribbean and the Panama Canal, 2) Pacific coast, and 3) Coiba island. The estimated divergence times between the Caribbean and Pacific populations are about 20 ka, which is two orders of magnitude younger than the formation of the CAI, but coincides with the Last Glacial Maximum. We hypothesize the glacial/interglacial cycles facilitated gene flow between the Caribbean and Pacific crocodile populations after the formation of the CAI, masking any genomic divergence the CAI may have caused. There is no evidence of gene flow associated with the opening of the Panama Canal.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
FIGURE 1. Line drawings of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis from Crocodylus niloticus (Turkana, Kenya). A, Anterior end of female (lateral view). B, Sublateral cephalic lip with teeth. C, Details of vulva. D, Egg. E, Tail of female (dorsal view). F, Reconstruction of posterior end of male based on SEM micrograph (lateroventral view).
FIGURE 2 in Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis (A, B) and D. dujardini (C, D) from Crocodylus niloticus (Turkana, Kenya). A, Entire male (lateral view). B, Position of spiculae and their relative length in an entire male (lateral view). C, Entire male (lateral view). D, Position of spiculae and their relative length an entire male (lateral view).
FIGURE 5 in Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
FIGURE 5. Reproduced line drawings of Dujardinascaris gubernacula. A, E–H, and K based on Sprent et al. (1998); B, C, I, J, L–N, and P–R based on Sprent (1977); O based on Travassos (1933); J and L marked with asterisk based on our material. A, D. petterae. B, D. woodlandi. C, D. puylaerti. D, D. westonae. E, D. philippinensis. F, D. gedoelsti. G, D. blairii. H, D. harrisae. I, D. mawsonae. J, D. madagascariensis. K, D. angusae. L, D. dujardini. M, D. taylorae. N, D. chabaudi. O, D. paulista. P, D. longispicula. Q, D. helicina. R, D. waltoni.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis from Crocodylus niloticus (Turkana, Kenya). A, Cephalic end (apical view). B, Cephalic end (ventral view). C, Detail of interlocking processes. D, Detail of vulva (ventral view). E, Female caudal region (lateral view). F, Male caudal region (ventral view). G, Detail of male tail and cloacal region with papillae (indicated by arrows), asterisk indicates phasmid. H, Detail of papilla on upper cloacal lip. I, Detail of paracloacal papilla. J, Detail of phasmid.
FIGURE 4 in Redescription and molecular characterisation of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis and a note on D. dujardini (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae), parasites of Crocodylus niloticus, with a key to Dujardinascaris spp. in crocodilians
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic position of Dujardinascaris madagascariensis in maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from the partial sequences (629 bp) of the 18S rDNA gene. The species Camallanus cotti was used as outgroup. The numbers above the branches indicate bootstrap values for ML resulting from 500 replicates. Only values exceeding 50 are shown.
Fig. 6. Nitella crocodylus from isotype specimen Casanova r760 in Charophytes of Australia's Northern Territory - II. Tribe Nitelleae
Fig. 6. Nitella crocodylus from isotype specimen Casanova r760 (MEL). (a) Habit of oosporangial plant, scale: 10 mm. (b) Sterile branchlet tip and dactyls, scale: 1 mm. (c) Habit of male plant, scale: 10 mm. (d) Female fertile branchlet whorl, scale: 1 mm. (e) Male branchlet whorl, scale: 5 mm. (f) Fertile female branchlet tip, scale: 1 mm (g) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of detail of the oospore ornamentation, a raised reticulum on a sinuously porate ground, scale: 2 µm. (h) SEM image of oospore in side view, scale: 100 µm. (i) Detail of oospore wall, scale: 20 µm. (j) View of the basal-cell impressions, scale: 50 µm.
Fig. 4 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 4. Ventral cranial shape variation depicted using transformation grids with corresponding example specimen among drainages in Papua New Guinea. Solid points indicate consensus landmarks for all individuals, and lines extending from points indicate the extent (length) and direction of shape change exhibited by that classifier. Populations in northern drainages (i.e., Sepik; FMNH 14048; Crocodylus novaeguineae) exhibit an extended maxilla and reduced postcranial elements relative to southern populations from Lake Murray/Binaturi (C. halli; LSUMZ 44740) and the Aramia River (C. halli; USNM 211290), exhibiting strikingly shorter maxilla and enlarged postcranial elements.
Fig. 3 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 3. Dorsal cranial shape variation depicted using transformation grids with corresponding example specimen among drainages in Papua New Guinea. Solid points indicate consensus landmarks for all individuals, and lines extending from points indicate the extent (length) and direction of shape change exhibited by that classifier. Populations in northern drainages (i.e., Sepik River; FMNH 14048; Crocodylus novaeguineae) exhibit an extended maxilla and reduced postcranial elements relative to southern populations from Lake Murray/Binaturi (C. halli; LSUMZ 44740), exhibiting strikingly shorter maxilla and enlarged postcranial elements, or Aramia River (C. halli; USNM 211290), exhibiting a morphology closer to consensus.
Fig. 1 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 1. Homologous landmarks used in geometric morphometric analysis for dorsal (top, n ¼ 15 landmarks) and ventral (bottom, n ¼ 13 landmarks) views. LSUMZ 44740.
Fig. 2 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 2. Map of localities for specimens examined; Crocodylus novaeguineae from the Sepik (circle) and Hunstein (pentagon) drainages, and Crocodylus halli from Lake Murray (square), Binaturi (triangle), and Aramia (star) rivers.
Fig. 5 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 5. Canonical variates analysis exhibiting position in morphospace among specimens from SCN (Lake Murray, Binaturi, and Aramia; Crocodylus halli) and NCN (Sepik; Crocodylus novaeguineae) from dorsal (A; CV1 ¼ 75% variance, CV2 ¼ 13.7% variance) and ventral (B; CV1 ¼ 49% variance, CV2 ¼ 27.4% variance) perspectives.
Data from: Differences in distress: variance and production of American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) distress calls in Belize
Acoustic communication of American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) is relatively understudied. Our overall aim was to determine the acoustic structure of wild American Crocodile distress calls, distinguish call differences among size classes (hatchling, juvenile, sub-adult, and adult), and investigate call production on a gradient of human disturbance. American Crocodile distress calls have strong frequency modulation and are comprised of multiple harmonics in a downsweeping pattern. Measured parameters (total duration, first quartile duration, maximal frequency, first quartile frequency, end frequency, slope of first quartile, slope of last quartiles) differed significantly among size classes (P < 0.05). Hatchling distress calls are higher in frequency and strongly modulated, whereas calls produced by sub-adults and adults showed little modulation, are lower in frequency, and have greater overall duration. Proportion of crocodiles that produced distress calls during capture differed by size class and sampling location, particularly adult distress calls which are reported here to be produced with undocumented frequency. We determined that American Crocodiles of all size classes produce distress calls at varying rates among study sites. Our results demonstrate that American crocodiles produce distress call more frequently at sites with higher anthropogenic activity. Measured call parameters of juveniles and hatchling American crocodiles also varied among sites in relation to human disturbance. Calls recorded at sites of high anthropogenic impact have increased duration and less modulation which may adversely affect response to emitted distress calls. Proportional and call parameter variances suggest anthropogenic activity as a driver for increased call production and alteration of call parameters at high human-impacted sites.
Figure 4 in Tropical cyclones and reproductive ecology of Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) on a Caribbean atoll in Mexico
Figure 4. Fluctuation of temperature in (A) three nests of 2007 and (B) three nests of 2008 of American crocodiles in Banco Chinchorro. Note: Data-logger in Nest 6 ceased functioning on 1 June 2008 during tropical storm Arthur.
Figure 3 in Tropical cyclones and reproductive ecology of Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) on a Caribbean atoll in Mexico
Figure 3. Relationship between gap fraction and incident solar radiation intensity (ISRI) for 34 sites in Cayo Centro, Banco Chinchorro, showing 9 successful nests (black squares); 7 unsuccessful nests (grey squares); and 18 control sites (white squares).
Figure 2 in Tropical cyclones and reproductive ecology of Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) on a Caribbean atoll in Mexico
Figure 2. Climatic diagram from the meteorological station of Mahahual, with periods of courtship and mating (thin line), laying (dashed line), and hatching (thick line) of American crocodiles in Banco Chinchorro.
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