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69 results for “Dinophyceae”
Data from: Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data
The phylogenetic relationships of the Dinophyceae (Alveolata) are not sufficiently resolved at present. The Thoracosphaeraceae (Peridiniales) are the only group of the Alveolata that include members with calcareous coccoid stages; this trait is considered apomorphic. Although the coccoid stage apparently is not calcareous, Bysmatrum has been assigned to the Thoracosphaeraceae based on thecal morphology. We tested the monophyly of the Thoracosphaeraceae using large sets of ribosomal RNA sequence data of the Alveolata including the Dinophyceae. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The Thoracosphaeraceae were monophyletic, but included also a number of non-calcareous dinophytes (such as Ensiculifera and Pfiesteria) and even parasites (such as Duboscquodinium and Tintinnophagus). Bysmatrum had an isolated and uncertain phylogenetic position outside the Thoracosphaeraceae. The phylogenetic relationships among calcareous dinophytes appear complex, and the assumption of the single origin of the potential to produce calcareous structures is challenged. The application of concatenated ribosomal RNA sequence data may prove promising for phylogenetic reconstructions of the Dinophyceae in future.
◂Fig. 5 Cells of phylogenetically related strains (light microscopy). a Thecate cell in dorsal view. b Thecate cell in ventral view, note the sulcus extending onto the epitheca (arrow). c Putatively necrotic, thecate cell. d Thecate cell with one bulge on the epitheca (arrow), note that this was the only such cell among thousands of inspected cells. e, f Coccoid cells, apparently without thecae. g Two thecate cells enclosed in the parental theca. h Two connected, immotile cells enclosed in the parental thecae. j Lid of epitheca in dorsal-apical view (mirrored), composed of plates 2′‒4′, all intercalary plates and plates 2′′‒6′′. l‒m Same opened theca in ventral view (l) and dorsal view (m), note the sulcus extending onto the epitheca (arrow), the dorsal opening and all apical and all intercalary plates and plates 3′′‒5′′ remaining with the hypotheca. n Chloroplasts (as inferred from autofluorescence), note the space occupied by the nucleus. Plate labelling follows the Kofoidean notation, n′: apical plate; n′′: precingular plate; n′′′: postcingular plate; na: anterior intercalary plate. Scale= 10 µm in Bumps on the back: An unusual morphology in phylogenetically distinct Peridinium aff. cinctum (= Peridinium tuberosum; Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)
◂Fig. 5 Cells of phylogenetically related strains (light microscopy). a Thecate cell in dorsal view. b Thecate cell in ventral view, note the sulcus extending onto the epitheca (arrow). c Putatively necrotic, thecate cell. d Thecate cell with one bulge on the epitheca (arrow), note that this was the only such cell among thousands of inspected cells. e, f Coccoid cells, apparently without thecae. g Two thecate cells enclosed in the parental theca. h Two connected, immotile cells enclosed in the parental thecae. j Lid of epitheca in dorsal-apical view (mirrored), composed of plates 2′‒4′, all intercalary plates and plates 2′′‒6′′. l‒m Same opened theca in ventral view (l) and dorsal view (m), note the sulcus extending onto the epitheca (arrow), the dorsal opening and all apical and all intercalary plates and plates 3′′‒5′′ remaining with the hypotheca. n Chloroplasts (as inferred from autofluorescence), note the space occupied by the nucleus. Plate labelling follows the Kofoidean notation, n′: apical plate; n′′: precingular plate; n′′′: postcingular plate; na: anterior intercalary plate. Scale= 10 µm
Fig. 7 in Bumps on the back: An unusual morphology in phylogenetically distinct Peridinium aff. cinctum (= Peridinium tuberosum; Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)
Fig. 7 Original material of Peridinium gatunense var. carinatum (Steinecke & Lindemann, 1923), note the bulges on the hypotheca and that the sulcus does not extend onto the epitheca. (1) Ventral view with two bulges on hypotheca. (2) Dorsal view with two bulges on hypotheca having comb-like flanges. (3) Apical view with asymmetrical plate pattern, as it is characteristic for the Peridinium cinctum species group (Moestrup & Calado, 2018)
◂Fig. 3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar= 10 µm. U A= 15 kV in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy
◂Fig. 3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar= 10 µm. U A= 15 kV
FIG. 3 in Molecular characterization and morpho-taxonomy of Gambierdiscus caribaeus Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Island, South-West Indian Ocean
FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of Gambierdiscus caribaeus Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester (ISOG4): A, elliptical Po plate with pores and a large fishhook-shaped opening; B, inside top view of broken cell showing the elliptical Po plate with pores and a large fishhook shaped open- ing; C, ventral view showing the gradually ascend and then sharp descend of the right part of the cingulum near the sulcus; D, thecal pores on the smooth cell surface. Scale bars: A, B, 1 µm; C, D, 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Detection of Prorocentrum shikokuense in the Mediterranean Sea and evidence that P. dentatum, P. obtusidens and P. shikokuense are three different species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)
Fig. 1. Light micrographs of Lugol's solution preserved individuals and line drawings of Prorocentrum dentatum (A–I), P. obtusidens (J– AC) and P. shikokuense (AB, AD–AH). (A–B) Prorocentrum dentatum by Stein (1883). (C–I) Individuals from the Pacific Ocean. See Table 1 for location. (J) Prorocentrum obtusidens re-drawn from Schiller (1928). (K–AB) Individuals from a single sample collected offshore Taranto, Ionian Sea. (Y–AB) Valves of the same individual. (AB) One cell of P. obtusidens and two cells of P. shikokuense. (AC) P. obtusidens collected offshore Bari, Adriatic Sea. (AD) Prorocentrum shikokuense redrawn from Hada (1975). (AB, AE–AH) Individuals from a single sample of the harbor of Brindisi, Italy. (AE–AG) Chain-forming individuals. (AH) Note the intraspecific morphological variability. The last individual corresponds to a megacytic cell. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Data from: Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data
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Data from: Phylogeny, evidence for a cryptic plastid, and distribution of Chytriodinium parasites (Dinophyceae) infecting copepods
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FIGURE 17. Peridinium limbatum. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Sulcal plates. D in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 17. Peridinium limbatum. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Sulcal plates. D. Sa: anterior sulcal plate. E. Sp: posterior sulcal plate. F. Theca: ventral view. G. Theca: dorsal view. Bar in A, B=10µm.
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