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Fig. 1 in Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

Fig. 1. Bayesian tree based on the combined data of COI gene. Numbers around the node indicate the Bayesian posterior probability; results lower than 0.5 are not shown.

Fig. 4 in Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

Fig. 4. Phortica (Phortica) mengda sp. nov., ♂. A. Epandrium and cercus. B. Surstylus. C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

Fig. 3. Phortica (Phortica) kava sp. nov., ♂. A. Arista. B. Epandrium and cercus. C. Surstylus. D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

Fig. 2. Phortica (Phortica) jadete sp. nov., ♂. A. Arista. B. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view). C. Surstylus (frontal view). D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (lateral views). E. Paramere (frontal view). F. Tip of aedeagal median rod (ventral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 7. Drosophila ayauma sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3336). A. Abdomen. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. C. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. D–F. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 6 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 6. Drosophila saraguru sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3358). A. Abdomen. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. C. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. D–F. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 5 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 5. Drosophila chichu sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3356). A. Abdomen. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. C. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. D–F. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 4 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 4. Drosophila kurillakta sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3355). A. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. B. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. C–E. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 3 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 3. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. A–C. Allotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3345), aedeagus in ventro-lateral to lateral view, respectively; arrows show the two lateral sclerotized projections. D. Holotype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 3344), spermatheca; arrow shows the centrodistal spines. E. Paratype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 33XX), spermatheca; arrow shows the centrodistal spines.

Fig. 2 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 2. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. Allotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3345). A. Abdomen, dorsal view. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. C. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. D–F. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 1 in Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador

Fig. 1. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. Holotype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 3344). A. Abdomen and wing, dorsal view. B. Ovipositor. C. Spermatheca.

Fig. 9 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 9. Terminalia of the 'D. vulcana species complex'. A, C, E. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 (MNHN). A, C. ♂. E. ♀. B, D, F. D. mylenae David & Yassin sp. nov. (MNHN). B, D. ♂. F. ♀. Scale bars: A–B = 50 µm; D–F = 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 2. Comparison of Bayesian phylogenies of the 'D. seguyi species subgroup' Yassin, 2018 inferred from mitochondrial COI (left) and nuclear Amyrel (right) genes. Nodes supported by>95% posterior probability (pp) are labeled with black circles. An asterisk refers to species sequenced here, whereas two asterisks refer to the sequence of D. vulcana Graber, 1957 of Da Lage et al. (2007), which turned out to belong to D. seguyi Smart, 1945 from Kenya (see the text). Note the discrepancy in position of different geographical strains of D. bakoue Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974 (in red) between the two genes. Species belonging to 'D. bocqueti species complex' Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974, 'D. bakoue species complex' Rafael, 1984, 'D. nikananu species complex' Tsacas & Chassagnard, 1992, and 'D. megapyga species complex' Lachaise & Tsacas, 2001 are highlighted in orange, green, yellow and red, respectively.

Fig. 1 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogeny of 19 species from the 'D. montium species group' Da Lage, 2007 inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Nodes supported by 100% posterior probability (pp) are not labeled, those with pp> 90% or 60% are labeled with gray and white circles, respectively. Species belonging to the 'D. bocqueti species complex' and the 'D. bakoue species complex' are highlighted in orange and green, respectively. 'K' and 'B' refer to the strains of D. aff tsacasi Bock & Wheeler, 1972 from Kenya and Bioko Island, respectively.

Fig. 6 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 6. Female oviscapts of the 'D. seguyi species complex'. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). C–D. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). E–F. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). G–H. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. (MNHN). Scale bars: A, C, E, G = 100 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm.

Fig. 5 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 5. Male terminalia of the 'D. seguyi species complex'. A. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). B. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). C. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). D–F. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. Scale bars: A–D = 50 µm; E–F = 100 µm..

Fig. 4. Adult habitus. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 4. Adult habitus. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). A. ♂. B. ♀. C–D. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). C. ♂. D. ♀. E–F. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). E. ♂. F. ♀. G–H. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. (MNHN). G. ♂. H. ♀. Only dark morphs of females of species with female-limited color dimorphism are shown. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8. Adult habitus. A–B. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 8. Adult habitus. A–B. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 (MNHN). A. ♂. B. ♀. C–D. D. mylenae David & Yassin sp. nov. (MNHN). C. ♂. D. ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of D. ifestia Tsacas, 1984. A. Holotype (P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kelenbosch leg.; MNHN). B. Paratype (P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kelenbosch leg.; MNHN). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of male periphallic organs. A. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). B. D. aff. tsacasi Bock & Wheeler, 1972 (MNHN). C. D. mylenae David & Yassin sp. nov. (MNHN). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.