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336 results for “Drought Stress”
Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
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Data from: Exploring genomic variation associated with drought stress in Picea mariana populations
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Similar transcriptomic responses to early and late drought stresses produce divergent phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Data from: Trait variation and performance across varying levels of drought stress in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Data for: Drought and temperature stresses impact pollen production and autonomous selfing in a California wildflower, Collinsia heterophylla
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Drought stress and high heat tolerance in domesticated Phaseolus beans
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Herbivore response to plant drought stress in milkweeds
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Shift from short-term competition to facilitation with drought stress is due to a decrease in long-term facilitation
Disentangling short- and long-term neighbour effects, using both removal and observational methods within a single experiment, has strongly improved our understanding of the driving mechanisms of plant-plant interactions. However, there has been no attempt to assess two important underlying processes of their changes along gradients, environmental-severity (changes in target performance without neighbours) and neighbour-traits (changes in performance with neighbours) effects, the former previously shown in alpine communities to be involved in competition and the latter in facilitation. We addressed this goal in an experiment conducted in continental saline depressions (sebkhas) from the Mediterranean arid climate of central Tunisia. We quantified short- and long-term effects of dominant shrubs, transplanting three target grass species in open, nurse and removed-nurse microhabitats of two habitats of different salinity levels in height sebkhas. The design extended geographically from central Tunisia to the Libyan border, 500km southeastward. We used the Relative Interaction Index to calculate short- and long-term effects of neighbours on target species before and after the dry summer seasons and to disentangle environmental-severity from neighbour-trait effects. Short-term effects were slightly negative and long-term effects strongly positive before the dry summer season in the two habitats. Short-term effects switched to positive with increasing drought stress, due to increasing environmental severity (decrease in the response without neighbours), whereas long-term effects decreased due to decreasing environmental mitigation (decrease in the response with neighbours). Soil moisture measurements showed that both changes were due to vanishing shrub soil engineering-effects during the summer drought. We conclude that an increase in short-term facilitation with increasing drought stress through time, apparently supporting the Stress-Gradient-Hypothesis, might be due to a decrease in long-term facilitation. Our study highlights that assessing the effects of neighbours with both the removal and observational methods is crucial for understanding the driving processes of plant-plant interactions in arid systems.
Contrasting biomass allocation responses across ontogeny and stress gradients reveal plant adaptations to drought and cold
How plants allocate their biomass to different organs is essential to understand plant adaptation and distribution. Overall, biomass allocation may follow fixed rules across taxa. They are also likely to exhibit substantial departure from these rules during ontogeny and in response to particular limiting factors to optimize their growth and maximize their survival. However, how plants adjust their allocation priorities depending on size and age across stress gradients remain largely unkown in wild populations. We examined ontogenetic variation in biomass allocation in Himalayan forb Potentilla pamirica across its 5250-5900 m elevation range, between populations from dry steppe, wet alpine and cold subnival zone. We tested whether biomass allocation followed optimal partitioning or fixed allometric rules using organ mass in 1019 individuals spanning 1-73 years. We found shifting biomass fractions with plant size and age, supporting the optimal partitioning theory. Young plants (<10 years) allocated similar proportions of biomass to leaves, stems, and roots, intermediate-aged plants (10-30 years) allocated more biomass to roots, while the oldest plants had 90% biomass in belowground stems. Major developmental processes including secondary thickening, branching and flowering begin 10-15 years earlier under more thermally favorable steppe conditions. Young steppe plants are larger than alpine and subnival plants, but these differences disappear in plants aged ~30, and the oldest alpine and subnival plants are larger than steppe plants. Plant age exerted significant control over biomass allocation after controlling for plant size. While in steppe plants the preference for stem biomass allocation increases with both size and age, for large alpine and subnival plants the stem prioritization decreases with age in favour of root and leaf mass fractions. We interpret the root and leaf prioritization in the oldest plants as a way to reduce carbon imbalances and the risk of frost damage to secure long life. Our analyses rejected ontogenetically fixed allometry and instead found high variation in biomass allocation depending on age, size and environment, supporting optimal partitioning theory. The uneven allocation of resources to different structures and functions during ontogenesis reflects plant adaptations to different levels of low-temperature and water stress across species elevation range.
Sympatric pairings of dryland grass populations, mycorrhizal fungi, and associated soil biota enhance mutualism and ameliorate drought stress
<p>1. There is evidence that the distribution of ecotypes of plants and their symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other associated soil biota may be structured by the availability of essential soil nutrients; and that locally adapted partnerships most successfully acquire limiting nutrients. This study tests the hypotheses that plant genotypes are adapted to the water availability of their local environment, and this adaptation involves associations with local soil biota, including AM fungi. </p> <p>2. We grew semi-arid Bouteloua gracilis ecotypes from relatively wet and dry sites, with either sympatric or allopatric soil inoculum under moderate and extreme soil drying treatments to examine 1) how varying degrees of water limitation influence grass responses to soil biota, and 2) the relationship between AM fungal structures and these responses. </p> <p>3. Under extreme soil drying, the dry-site ecotype tended to perform better than the wet-site ecotype. Both ecotypes performed best in either drying treatment when inoculated with their sympatric soil biota. Sympatric pairings produced more AM fungal hyphae, arbuscules and dark septate fungi. Extreme soil drying tended to accentuate these apparent benefits of sympatry to both plants and fungal symbionts, relative to the moderate drying treatment. </p> <p>4. Our findings support the hypothesis that AM symbioses help Bouteloua gracilis ecotypes adapt to local water availability. This conclusion is based on the observations that as water became increasingly limited, sympatric partnerships produced more AM fungal hyphae and arbuscules and fewer vesicles. The abundances of hyphae and arbuscules were positively correlated with plant growth, suggesting that in sympatric pairs of plants and AM fungi, allocation to fungal structures is optimized to maximize benefits and minimize the costs of the symbioses. This provides strong evidence that co-adaptation among plants and their associated AM fungi can ameliorate drought stress.</p> <p>5. Synthesis: Our study documents the role of locally adapted soil borne plant symbionts in ameliorating water stress. We found a relationship between AM fungal structures in roots and plant performance. Generally, plants and fungi from the same site resulted in more positive effects on plant growth.</p>
Topography strongly affects drought stress and xylem embolism resistance in woody plants from a karst forest in Southwest China
<p>1. Xylem resistance to drought-induced embolism is an important trait determining plant distribution. In the karst hills of Southwest China, with a relatively small variation in altitude, soil depth and water availability strongly decrease from the foot towards the top, and woody plant species display distinct spatial distribution.</p> <p>2. For testing the hypothesis that embolism resistance of leaf and stem xylem reflects the spatial distribution across species along a topographical gradient of the karst hills, we measured the xylem water potential in the dry season, vulnerability to drought-induced embolism in stems and leaves, and relevant anatomical traits in 17 evergreen species with a different topographical distribution.</p> <p>3. We found that from the foot towards the hill top, plant water potential sharply decreased, and both stem and leaf xylem showed increasing resistance to hydraulic dysfunction and drought-resistant anatomical characteristics, but non-significant variation in specific hydraulic conductivity. Also, hydraulic safety margins increased with relative altitude and thus increasing water deficit, which underlies the local distribution of the species, but does not come at the cost of hydraulic efficiency.</p> <p>4. Our results demonstrate that plant hydraulic safety largely shape the niche differentiation and hence community assembly in highly heterogeneous and water-limited landscapes.</p>
Data from: A synthesis of ecosystem aboveground productivity and its process variables under simulated drought stress
1. Projected increases in drought duration and intensity under climate change considerably affect aboveground productivity (ANPP) and associated process variables (photosynthesis rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), soil respiration (Rs), and soil water content (SWC)). 2. Although ANPP has been extensively studied across the ecosystems, there is little consensus on how the spatiotemporal patterns of ANPP will be altered with increasing drought stress. Here, we present a global meta-analysis of ANPP and the four variables (610 observations from 78 studies) for drought duration, intensity, and their combination. 3. Forest-ANPP had stronger negative responses to long-term drought (34.44%; ≥ 4 yrs) than short-term drought (10.78%; ≤ 1 yr), and decreased more in Mediterranean forests than in tropical forests. Decreases in Pn and gs were strongest under long-term moderate drought. In the short term, Rs increased by 5.66% under light drought, but decreased by 14.12% and 28.43% under moderate and severe droughts. Grass-ANPP showed a nonlinear decrease with extended duration, and the rate slowed. Within light to severe intensities, ANPP decreased linearly, but became stable under extreme condition. In the short term, ANPP reduced more seriously with increasing drought intensity (12.01-30.34%). With aggravation of drought stress, the reductions in Rs and SWC increased. There was significant heterogeneity in grassland responses to drought stress. The greatest decreases in ANPP, Pn, and gs were observed in North America, and the reductions in Rs and SWC were greater in Western Europe. Shrub-ANPP showed stronger negative responses to long-term moderate drought (12.59%). Pn and gs declined significantly with increasing drought intensity. Variations in Rs to drought duration, intensity, and their combination were more complex, either showing positive or negative responses (dominated). 4. Synthesis. Forest-ANPP shows high sensitivity to long-term moderate drought, whereas grass-ANPP is more responsive to short-term drought. Compared to forests and grasslands, shrub-ANPP exhibits less sensitivity to droughts. Different responses of ecosystems were predominantly driven by physiological mechanisms or species differences in turnover time, community architecture, and drought adaptation strategies. Given these findings, future studies should focus on nonlinear patterns, response thresholds, and adaptation mechanisms when predicting and modelling feedback between ecosystems and climate change.
Data from: Extreme drought stress shifts net facilitation to neutral interactions between shrubs and sub-canopy plants in an arid desert
The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the importance or intensity of competition and facilitation will change inversely along abiotic stress gradients. It was originally postulated that increasing environmental stress can induce a monotonic increase in facilitation. However, more recent models predicted that the relationship between severity and interaction exhibits a hump-shaped pattern, in which positive interactions prevail under moderate stress but decline at the extreme ends of stress gradients. In the present study, we conducted a field experiment along a temporal rainfall gradient for five consecutive years, in order to investigate interactions in a shrub-herbaceous plant community at the southern edge of the Badain Jaran Desert, and, more specifically, investigated the effects of Calligonum mongolicum, a dominant shrub species, on both abiotic environmental variables and the performance of sub-canopy plant species. We found that shrubs can improve sub-canopy water regimes, soil properties, plant biomass, density, cover, and richness and, more importantly, that the positive effect of shrubs on sub-canopy soil moisture during the summer diminishes as rainfall decreases, a pattern that partly explains the collapse of the positive interaction between shrubs and their understory plants. These results provide empirical evidence that the positive effect of shrubs on understory plant communities in extreme arid environments may decline and become neutral with increasing drought stress.
Data from: Loss of heterosis and family-dependent inbreeding depression in plant performance and resistance against multiple herbivores under drought stress
1. Inbreeding depression (ID), outbreeding depression (OD) and heterosis can occur concurrently in plant populations. ID often increases under environmental stress, but the combined effects of inbreeding, outbreeding between populations and environmental stress, such as drought, on plant performance and herbivore resistance remain unclear. 2. In order to determine environment-dependent and family-dependent ID, OD and heterosis we conducted a common garden experiment with plants from five populations of Brassica nigra. Inbred, within-population outbred and between-population outbred plant families were exposed to drought or ambient water levels. We recorded the abundance and damage caused by specialist herbivores from contrasting feeding guilds, i.e. the phloem-feeding Brevicoryne brassicae, the leaf-chewing Psylliodes chrysocephalus and the stem-boring Ceutorhynchus quadridens larvae. 3. Drought stress had negative effects on growth, herbivore resistance and resistance against B. brassicae and positive effects on investments in reproductive output and plant secondary metabolites (sinigrin). We found drought stress-induced loss of heterosis for plant height and investment in reproductive output. Between-population outbred plants were more sensitive to drought stress in terms of above-ground biomass compared to within-population outbred plants. 4. Drought and inbreeding synergistically negatively influenced traits related to growth and reproductive output (environment-dependent inbreeding depression, EDID). There was high variation among families within populations in the degree of ID and EDID. Genetic variation in EDID could buffer the negative effects of genetic stress associated with habitat fragmentation and concurrent environmental stress. In order to capture fully the effects of both inbreeding and between-population outbreeding under stress the different spatial scales of the effects of inbreeding and between-population outbreeding should be taken into account. 5. Synthesis. Our results indicate that drought stress influences not only inbreeding depression (ID), but also heterosis. These findings shed new light on the combined effects of anthropogenic environmental change and the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation on plants and their interactions with other organisms. Conservation programmes aiming to restore genetically degraded populations with the translocation of individuals between populations should consider environmental stress as a risk factor.
Maize-Drought-Stress-Dataset-Raw
<p>Dataset to study detect drought stress in maize plants using Deep Learning and Computer Vision.Images are downsampled by 2 from original size. Comprises of 3 trials containing images of drought stressed and well watered plants placed side by side. Plant 1 and 3 from left are well watered whereas 2 and 4 were subjected to induced drought stress.</p>
Data and code for Declining precipitation frequency drivers earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation
<p>DFS.rar contains the DFS derived from GIMMS3g NDVI.</p> <p>Trendy.rar contains the simulated DFS based on output GPP from 16 Trendy models during 1983–2021.</p> <p>CMIP6.rar contains the simulated DFS based on output GPP from 14 CMIP6 models under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP-126, SSP-245, SSP-370, and SSP-585) during 2016–2100.</p> <p>code.zip contains the code for data analysis.</p> <p>source data.zip contains the source data for Figure 1-3 and supplementary Figure 1-10.</p>
ECOBREED WP4 T4.2 Field trial design - Soybean drought stress
<p>ECOBREED WP4 T4.2 Drought stress field trial experimental design.</p>
Data: Metabolomic Approaches to Studying the Response to Drought Stress in Corn (Zea mays) Cobs
<p>All data associated associated with the manuscript https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070438. Raw metabolomics data files (.Mzml) obtained on solariX FTICR and ms/ms spectral files (.raw) from Fusion orbitrap MS. zip file includes sample and folder descriptions.</p>
Physiological responses of rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri under drought and heat stresses
<i>Dalbergia cochinchinensis</i> and <i>D. oliveri</i> are classified as vulnerable and endangered respectively in the IUCN Red List and under continued threat from deforestation and illegal harvesting for rosewood. Despite emerging efforts to conserve and restore these species, little is known of their responses to drought and heat stress, which are expected to increase in the Greater Mekong Subregion where the species co-occur and are endemic. In this study of isolated and combined drought and heat effects, we found that <i>D. oliveri</i> had an earlier stomatal closure and more constant midday water potential in response to increasing drought level, suggesting that <i>D. oliveri</i> is relatively isohydric while <i>D. cochinchinensis</i> is relatively anisohydric. Heat shock and drought had synergistic effects on stomatal closure. Our results indicate contrasting relationships in water relations, photosynthetic pigment levels and total soluble sugars. An increase in chlorophyll a was observed in <i>D. cochinchinensis</i> during drought and a concomitant increase in carotenoid content likely afforded protection against photo-oxidation. These physiological changes correlated with higher total soluble sugars in <i>D. cochinchinensis</i>. By contrast, <i>D. oliveri</i> avoided drought by reducing chlorophyll content and compromising productivity. Anisohydry and drought tolerance in <i>D. cochinchinensis</i> are adaptations which fit well with its ecological niche as a pioneering species with faster growth in young trees. We believe this understanding of the stress responses of both species will be crucial to their effective regeneration and conservation in degraded habitats and in the face of climate change.
Demographic responses of aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Hem.: Aphididae) to drought stress
<p>Raw data files of demographic study of aphid <em>Metopolophium dirhodum </em></p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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