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127 results for “Early Permian”
FIG. 7 in Early Permian insects from Saar-Nahe Basin of Odernheim town site, Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany (Insecta, Grylloblattida, Blattinopseida)
FIG. 7. — Blattinopsidae Bolton, 1925, gen. et sp. indet., drawing of forewing venation (MNHN.F.A31048). Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIG. 5 in Early Permian insects from Saar-Nahe Basin of Odernheim town site, Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany (Insecta, Grylloblattida, Blattinopseida)
FIG. 5. — Blattinopsidae Bolton, 1925, gen. et sp. indet., drawing of forewing venation (MNHN.F.A31047). Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIG. 4. — Oborella brauckmanni n in Early Permian insects from Saar-Nahe Basin of Odernheim town site, Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany (Insecta, Grylloblattida, Blattinopseida)
FIG. 4. — Oborella brauckmanni n. sp., photograph of forewing venation (holotype MNHN.F.A31044). Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIG. 3. — Oborella brauckmanni n in Early Permian insects from Saar-Nahe Basin of Odernheim town site, Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany (Insecta, Grylloblattida, Blattinopseida)
FIG. 3. — Oborella brauckmanni n. sp., drawing of forewing venation (holotype MNHN.F.A31044). Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIG. 6 in Early Permian insects from Saar-Nahe Basin of Odernheim town site, Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany (Insecta, Grylloblattida, Blattinopseida)
FIG. 6. — Blattinopsidae Bolton, 1925, gen. et sp. indet., photograph of forewing venation (MNHN.F.A31047). Scale bar: 3 mm.
Text-fig. 7. Stratigraphic ranges of selected, biostratigraphically relevant taxa from Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of Saar-Nahe Basin. Based on data from Kerp and Fichter (1985), Lausberg et al. (2003), Schindler et al. (2004), Kerp et al. (2007a, b), Cleal (2008) and Uhl (2008). Absolute age of 300.0 ± 1.2 Ma in middle of Remigiusberg Formation based on Ar-Ar dating of sanidins published by Burger et al. (1997). in New Data On The Macroflora Of The Basal Rotliegend Group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) In The Saar-Nahe Basin (Sw-Germany)
Text-fig. 7. Stratigraphic ranges of selected, biostratigraphically relevant taxa from Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of Saar-Nahe Basin. Based on data from Kerp and Fichter (1985), Lausberg et al. (2003), Schindler et al. (2004), Kerp et al. (2007a, b), Cleal (2008) and Uhl (2008). Absolute age of 300.0 ± 1.2 Ma in middle of Remigiusberg Formation based on Ar-Ar dating of sanidins published by Burger et al. (1997).
Figure 13 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 13. Cladogram illustrating relationships of mesosaurs based on a PAUP analysis of a modified version of the data matrix in Laurin & Reisz (1995), with additional characters from Modesto (1999b). See text for discussion. Tree length = 328, consistency index (excluding uninformative characters) = 0.66, rescaled consistency index = 0.41.
Figure 10 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 10. Mesosaurus tenuidens, SAM PK-K8381 (part and counterpart). Palate, braincase, mandible and anteriormost cervical vertebrae in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views.
Figure 12. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 3373 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 12. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 3373 (in part). Skull roof, mandible, and cervical vertebrae 2–6 in dorsal view.
Figure 9. Mesosaurus tenuidens, SMNH R212 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 9. Mesosaurus tenuidens, SMNH R212. Palate, braincase, hyoid element, mandible and anteriormost cervicals in ventral view.
Figure 4 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 4. Mesosaurus tenuidens, part and counterpart. A, SMNH R208. Skull, mandible and anterior cervical vertebrae in left lateral view. B, SMNH R207a. Skull, mandible and anterior cervical vertebrae in right lateral view. Arabic numerals denote presacral vertebrae in this and subsequent figures.
Figure 5. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 4028 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 5. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 4028, part and counterpart. Left lateral view of skull, mandible and anteriormost cervical vertebrae (MCZ 4028b) above, with counterpart of snout and partial mandible in medial view, with associated vomer (MCZ 4028a) below.
Figure 7. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 4031a in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 7. Mesosaurus tenuidens, MCZ 4031a. Skull, mandible, and cervical vertebrae in left lateral view, and dorsal vertebrae and ribs in right lateral view.
Figure 2 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 2. Reconstruction of the skull of Mesosaurus tenuidens in occipital view. The regular stipple pattern represents a hypothetical cartilaginous bridge between the skull roof and the braincase.
Anatomy of the neural endocranium and stapes of Diadectes absitus (Diadectomorpha) from the early Permian of Germany based on the high‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography
<p>A detailed anatomy of the braincase and stapes of the subadult specimen of <i>Diadectes absitus</i> from early Permian sediments of Germany based on the high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography are described for the first time. In contrast to previous studies of <i>Diadectes</i>, the bones of the braincase (opisthotic, prootic, supraoccipital, basioccipital, exoccipital, basisphenoid, sphenethmoid), and parasphenoid of <i>D. absitus</i> are not co-ossified, but suturally defined. This has allowed for a reconstruction of a complete braincase with all sutures between the individual bones. The opisthotic, prootic, and supraocciptal contain a well-preserved endosseous labyrinth. The 3D-reconstruction of its cavities shows a well-preserved vestibule, three semicircular canals, and well-developed cochlear recess. In addition, a shallow subarcuate fossa is present on the ventral surface of the supraoccipital, which lies medial to the anterior semicircular canal. A typical feature of the diadectid braincase is the presence of the otic tube leading from the fenestra vestibuli to the vestibule. A revision of the topology of this structure is presented here. Here we describe new structures of the stapes, especially in its proximal portion, as well as its position to the fenestra vestibuli. These structures are described for the first time not only in <i>D. absitus</i>, but for the genus.</p>
Data from: Faunal overview of the Mud Hill locality from the early Permian Vale Formation of Taylor County, Texas
The Texas red beds represent one of the richest series of early Permian deposits in the world. In particular, the Clear Fork Group has produced a diverse assemblage of temnospondyls, early reptiles, and synapsids. However, most of this material has been sourced from the oldest member, the Arroyo Formation, and the understanding of the paleoecosystem of the younger Vale and Choza Formations is less well-resolved. Here we present a new Vale locality, the first vertebrate-bearing locality from the formation to be described in detail in several decades, from near Abilene, Texas with juvenile diplocaulids, captorhinids, abundant material of rare taxa such as Varanops and diadectids, and the first report of a recumbirostran 'microsaur' from the formation. This assemblage is atypical of early Permian deposits in the taxonomic and size distribution of the vertebrate fauna in comparison to other localities from the Vale that preserve a greater abundance of aquatic taxa (e.g., fishes, Trimerorhachis) and synapsids (e.g., Dimetrodon). Minimal abrasion of the elements, relative articulation and association of the specimen of Varanops, and the paucity of aquatic taxa suggest an ephemeral pond deposit in which organisms were preserved essentially in-situ. Our characterization of the locality also permits a revision and discussion of the vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Vale.
Figure 1 in An insect wing discovered in the Early Permian Taiyuan Formation (Shanxi Province, China)
Figure 1. Locality of the insect fossil near Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China.
Figure 8. Mesosaurus tenuidens, GPIT 1757-1 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 8. Mesosaurus tenuidens, GPIT 1757-1. Skull of immature individual in dorsal view.
Figure 11. Mesosaurus tenuidens, SMNH R202 in The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology
Figure 11. Mesosaurus tenuidens, SMNH R202. Mandible in dorsal view.
Data from: Decoding the drivers of deep-time wetland biodiversity: insights from an early Permian tropical lake ecosystem
<p><span>Wetlands are important to continental evolution, providing both the arenas and refugia for emerging and declining biotas, respectively. </span><span>Based on this significance and the high preservation potential, the resulting fossiliferous deposits play a key role in understanding past and future biodiversity. We reconstruct the trophic structure and age of the early Permian Manebach-Lake ecosystem, Germany, thriving in a wetland when the tropical biosphere faced profound upheaval in the peaking Late Palaeozoic Icehouse. Nine excavations, the high-resolution, spatiotemporal documentation of fossils and sediments, and the U-Pb radioisotopic dating of tuffs allow us to distinguish autogenic and allogenic factors that shaped the limnic biocoenosis. The Manebach Lake was an exorheic, stratified, perennial water body in the 10<sup>1</sup>–10<sup>2</sup> km<sup>2</sup> scale, integrated into the catchment draining much of the European Variscides. Lake formation paralleled an Asselian regional wet climatic interval and benefited from rising groundwater tables due to post-Variscan tectonics. Stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria, bivalves, several crustacean groups, amblypterids resembling <em>Paramblypterus duvernoyi</em> and xenacanthid sharks formed a differentiated biocoenosis. Digestive remains prove the rare presence of acanthodians, branchiosaurs, and large tetrapods. Anoxic events affected the mainly epilimnal community. The results indicate woody-debris-bearing lake littorals devoid of semi-aquatic and aquatic plants as places suitable for large stromatolites to grow, underpin the model of declining freshwater shark diversity in most Permian Variscan basins, demonstrate fish/amphibian ratios in limnic taphocoenoses to measure lake perenniality and reveal taphonomic biases in freshwater plant assemblages. Our outcomes highlight the need for more knowledge about the diversity, ecology, and fossilisation pathways of past limnic biotas, particularly microorganisms and actinopterygian fishes, to reconstruct deep-time continental ecosystems. </span></p>
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