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Figure 7 in Phylogeny, species delimitation and population structure of the steppe-inhabiting land snail genus Helicopsis in Eastern Europe
Figure 7. Relationships between Jaccard distances between individuals of Helicopsis filimargo and H. lunulata based on AFLP data and logarithmized geographical distances. Black circles and red triangles: distances between individuals belonging to H. filimargo and H. lunulata, respectively; green crosses: distances between individuals belonging to different species; black and red broken lines: regression lines fitted within species; green broken line: regression line fitted on the within-group distances only (i.e. the black circles and red triangles taken together); green solid line: regression line fitted on all distances together; blue lines: centres of the betweengroups geographical distances.
Figure 4 in Phylogeny, species delimitation and population structure of the steppe-inhabiting land snail genus Helicopsis in Eastern Europe
Figure 4. Neighbour-net network of Helicopsis from Ukraine based on Jaccard distances obtained from AFLP data. Coloration of clusters corresponds to the STRUCTURE solution for K = 2. Red corresponds to H. filimargo, yellow to H. lunulata. DNA voucher numbers for specimens are given at the tips of the network. Coloured dots at the tips of the network correspond to cluster assignments (on majority-rule basis) of specimens in the STRUCTURE solutions for K = 5 (inner) and K = 7 (outer). For locality data and the distribution of clusters, see also Supporting Information, Table S1 and Figure 6, respectively.
Figure 1 in Phylogeny, species delimitation and population structure of the steppe-inhabiting land snail genus Helicopsis in Eastern Europe
Figure 1. Sampled Helicopsis populations in Ukraine, the adjacent Central Russian Upland and Romania and distribution of mitochondrial haplotype clades: H. lunulata (yellow dots), H. hungarica (magenta triangles) and H. filimargo (clade A, red diamonds, clade B, green diamonds and mixed population of clades Aand B, blue diamonds).
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.
Supplementary material 3 from: Jeunen G-J, Lipinskaya T, Gajduchenko H, Golovenchik V, Moroz M, Rizevsky V, Semenchenko V, Gemmell NJ (2022) Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding surveys show evidence of non-indigenous freshwater species invasion to new parts of Eastern Europe. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e68575. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.e68575
Reference databases generated by ecoPCR and used by ecotag for taxonomy assignment of OTUs for fish and crustacean eDNA results
Supplementary material 1 from: Marić A, Špelić I, Radočaj T, Vidović Z, Kanjuh T, Vilizzi L, Piria M, Nikolić V, Škraba Jurlina D, Mrdak D, Simonović P (2022) Changing climate may mitigate the invasiveness risk of non-native salmonids in the Danube and Adriatic basins of the Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe). In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 135-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.82964
Combined AS-ISK report including the 68 screenings for the 17 salmonid species screened for the Danube and Adriatic basins of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia (including Kosovo)
Supplementary material 1 from: Iorgu IS, Iorgu EI, Puskás G, Ivković S, Borisov S, Gavril VD, Chobanov DP (2016) Geographic distribution of Gryllotalpa stepposa in south-eastern Europe, with first records for Romania, Hungary and Serbia (Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllotalpidae). ZooKeys 605: 73-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.8804
Occurence records of the studied Gryllotalpa species : Explanation note: The occurence records of Gryllotalpa material preserved in the collections: MGAB, UBB, NMNHS, HMB, HNHM, ZZDBE, MNHM, CC.
FIGURES 6–11. 6 in Miscophus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe
FIGURES 6–11. 6. Miscophus minutus ♀, propodeum. 7. Miscophus spurius ♀, propodeum. 8. Miscophus postumus ♀, propodeum. 9. Miscophus cappadocicus ♀, propodeum. 10. Miscophus johni ♀, propodeum. 11. Miscophus albufeirae ♀, foreleg.
FIGURES 18–22. 18 in Miscophus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe
FIGURES 18–22. 18. Miscophus eatoni ♀, propodeum. 19. Miscophus concolor male, propodeum. 20. Miscophus johni ♀, foreleg. 21. Miscophus albufeirae ♀, propodeum. 22. Miscophus eatoni ♀, head.
FIGURES 29–30. 29 in Miscophus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe
FIGURES 29–30. 29. Miscophus johni ♀, head lateral view. 30. Miscophus concolor male, last sternites lateral view.
FIGURE 2. A in First record of freshwater planarian Girardia igrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Eastern Europe
FIGURE 2. A preserved specimen of Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) collected from Desna River near Pushkari village (Ukraine). A. Ventral view. B. Anterior part in dorsal view, posterior part in ventral view. C. Dorsal view. ph—pharynx, m—mouth, e—eye.
FIGURE 1 in First record of freshwater planarian Girardia igrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Eastern Europe
FIGURE 1. Maximum-Likelihood tree of COI gene, the scale indicates the branch length in substitutions per site. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap supports.
Reintroduction of the European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Central-Eastern Europe: A case study
<p>Raw vector and raster data depicting land cover, bison herds, roads, elevation, and land protection status and map algebra syntax codes used in the suitability analysis of reintroduction of European bison into central-eastern Europe.</p>
RAMS simulation: 30 October-17 November 2002. Six domains, which include Europe , N-Africa and the Eastern coast of America
<pre>The dataset contains hourly 2D and 3D meteorological variables from the output of the Mesoscale model RAMS in 6 nested domains, which cover Europe, N-Africa and the Eastern coast of America, for the period 30 October-17 November 2002. 1) * iee files: the data is in binary format (**iee files) and can be represented using the Grid Analysis and Visualization System (GrADS). GrADS is copyrighted under the terms of the GNU Public License and is freely distributed. 2) *.ctl files: the Grads control files (data descriptor files). They contain in ASCII format the mapping of the binary data (*iee) for each of the model grids. They can be edited with Wordpad, Kwrite ... and they have to be changed to point to the directory that contains the binary files (**iee).These files also contain a description of all variables and units</pre>
FIGURE 6 in Rubus gayeri and Rubus slavonicus, two new species of Rubus ser. Micantes (Rosaceae) from Central and South-Eastern Europe
FIGURE 6. (a) Typical habitat of Rubus gayeri: Scots pine plantation with monodominant carpet-like occurrence of the species (loc.: W Hungary, Szentpéterfa, locus classicus); (b) Typical habitat of Rubus slavonicus: Lowland pedunculate oak wood (loc.: S Hungary, Kaszó, locus classicus).
FIGURE 4 in Rubus gayeri and Rubus slavonicus, two new species of Rubus ser. Micantes (Rosaceae) from Central and South-Eastern Europe
FIGURE 4. Photos of Rubus slavonicus: (a) First-year branch with typical leaves (loc.: S Hungary, Ötvöskónyi); (b) Inflorescence with typical stellate-patent sepals after anthesis (loc.: central Hungary, Uzsa)
FIGURE 3 in Rubus gayeri and Rubus slavonicus, two new species of Rubus ser. Micantes (Rosaceae) from Central and South-Eastern Europe
FIGURE 3. Drawings of Rubus slavonicus: (a) inflorescence; (b) leaf; (c) margin of terminal leaflet; (d) axis of inflorescence; (e) peduncle; (f) detail of flowers; (g) petal. Del. J. Táborská
FIGURE 2 in Rubus gayeri and Rubus slavonicus, two new species of Rubus ser. Micantes (Rosaceae) from Central and South-Eastern Europe
FIGURE 2. Photos of Rubus gayeri: (a) first-year branch with typical leaves; (b) typical few-flowered inflorescence with patent branches (loc.: W Hungary, Szentpéterfa, locus classicus)
FIGURE 1 in Rubus gayeri and Rubus slavonicus, two new species of Rubus ser. Micantes (Rosaceae) from Central and South-Eastern Europe
FIGURE 1. Drawings of Rubus gayeri: (a) inflorescence; (b) leaf; (c) detail of first-year branch with prickles; (d) margin of terminal leaflet; (e) axis of inflorescence; (f) peduncle; (g) detail of flowers; (h) petal. Del. J. Táborská.
FIGURES 11–13 in Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) lituanica sp. nov., an unexpected new stem-miner on Salvia pratensis occurring in eastern Europe (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)
FIGURES 11–13. Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) headleyella, male genitalia. 11–12. RMNH.INS.22293, Italy, Trento, Mte Maranza; 13. France, Génicourt-sur-Meuse, RMNH.INS.24212, detail of cornutus and phallotrema spines. Scales 100 μm, 50 μm (13).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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