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1,024 results for “Edge”
Primary Sea Ice Edge from Satellite Passive Microwave Observations
<p>These are matlab output files with smoothed and unsmoothed primary ice edges around Antarctica. The primary ice edge is defined as the northernmost contour of 15% sea ice concentration, and defines the outer boundary of sea ice extent. The brightness data come from three satellites; SSM/I, AMSR-E, and AMSR2 and are converted to sea ice concentrations with the NASA Team 2 algorithm and the ARTIST algorithm.</p>
Figure Data_Edge modes in 1D MW PC
<p>(a,b) The 2D transmission spectra of the finite periodic microstrip calculated for different values of the bulk<br>parameter: l/d. The solid black lines mark the edges of the bands for the infinite microstrip, corresponding to kz = 0 or kz = π/d. Two ratios l/d = 0.25 and 0.625 are indicated by vertical dashed lines. The symmetry of the Bloch function at the edges of the band is indicated by the letters S and A, respectively. We considered the system (a) composed of five centrosymmetric cells and (b) its modification, where we added cells of modified sizes at the beginning and end of the microstrip. The sizes of the edge cells and all other parameters are the same as those given in the System section. (c,d) The cross section of the 2D spectra (a,b) at l/d = 0.625 (solid black curves) is supplemented by the measured (red curve) transmission spectra for fabricated structures. For the microstrip with additional cells of modified sizes, we can identify the transmission peaks in the second frequency gap (gray area in (d)). This double peak is attributed to edge modes that decay exponentially in space. It is noteworthy that the edge modes do not exist in the second gap for smaller values of l/d. This is related to the qualitative change in the spectrum, where the order of the edges of the gap and their symmetry are swapped: from symmetric (antisymmetric), for small l/d, to antisymmetric (symmetric), for large l/d, at the lower (upper) edge of the gap. The frequency of the edge modes can be tuned by modifying the edge cells: d0 = 12.5 mm, l0 = 0.5 mm, w0 = 11 mm – see black dotted line. The induction of the edge modes is obtained at the expense of attenuation of the third band due to the strong impedance mismatch in this frequency range.</p>
Livestock activity shifts large herbivore temporal distributions to their crepuscular edges
<p>Wildlife species are transitioning to greater crepuscular and nocturnal activity in response to high human densities. This plasticity in temporal niches may partially mitigate the impacts of human activity but may also result in underestimating human effects on species foraging, predator-prey relationships, and community level interactions. We deployed remote cameras to characterize shifts in herbivore diel activity in protected habitat vs pastoralist landscapes. We then compared species traits including body mass, dietary preferences, and behavioral characteristics as potential predictors of species sensitivity to livestock. Our data capture a significant temporal shift away from core cattle activity for nearly every herbivore species in our study, leading to more crepuscular activity patterns. As livestock were primarily diurnal and predators primarily nocturnal in pastoralist habitat, species that decreased their overlap with livestock were more likely to increase their overlap with potential predators. Other than species' typical daytime activity levels, we found no evidence that any particular trait significantly predicted temporal shifts in response to livestock. Instead, species generally trended toward greater activity levels at dawn, suggesting that cattle have a homogenizing effect on community-wide activity patterns. Our findings highlight how cohabitation with livestock can profoundly alter the temporal niches of wild herbivores. Shifts in diel activity patterns may reduce herbivore foraging time or efficiency and potentially have cascading shifts on predator-prey dynamics. Given that species traits could not predict responses to livestock, our analysis suggests that conservation strategies should consider each species separately when designing interventions for wildlife management.</p>
Dataset for ICDAR 21 paper "Vectorization of Historical Maps Using Deep Edge Filtering and Closed Shape Extraction"
<p>This is the dataset of the ICDAR 2021 conference paper "Vectorization of Historical Maps Using Deep Edge Filtering and Closed Shape Extraction".</p>
Figures 11–18 in Two new species of Eryciini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from the Eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Figures 11–18. Lydella gannanensis sp. nov., male. 11–12. Body in dorsal and lateral views. 13–14. Head in anterior and lateral views. 15. Sternite 5. 16–17. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in lateral and caudal views. 18. Bacilliform sclerite, ejaculatory apodeme, hypandrium, phallapodeme, pregonite, postgonite, basiphallus, distiphallus, epiphphallus, and acrophallus in lateral view. Scale bars: 11–14 = 1.0 mm, 15–18 = 0.2 mm.
Figures 1–8 in Two new species of Eryciini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from the Eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Figures 1–8. Drino latifrons sp. nov., male. 1–2. Body in dorsal and lateral views. 3–4. Head in anterior and lateral views. 5. Sternite 5. 6. Bacilliform sclerite, ejaculatory apodeme, hypandrium, phallapodeme, pregonite, postgonite, basiphallus, distiphallus, epiphphallus, and acrophallus in lateral view. 7–8. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in lateral and caudal views. Scale bars: 1–4 = 1.0 mm, 5–8 = 0.2 mm.
Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
<p>Mobbing is a widespread, vocally coordinated behaviour where species approach and harass a threat. The noisy miner (<em>Manorina melanocephala</em>) is a notorious native Australian honeyeater, well-known for its hyperaggressive mobbing. Numerous studies have identified negative impacts of their mobbing behaviour, highlighting the exclusion of competitors from colony areas and the resulting loss of woodland-bird biodiversity. Despite this, few studies have investigated mobbing itself, and our understanding of the factors which influence its expression remains limited. Here, we use a field-based playback experiment to investigate whether mobbing responses vary in relation to colony borders and caller familiarity. Noisy miners were more likely to respond, reacted more quickly, and responded more strongly to mobbing calls broadcast inside as opposed to outside the colony. These behavioural differences likely arise from variation in the relative costs and benefits of responding. When noisy miners did mob outside the colony, more individuals joined in response to unfamiliar as opposed to familiar callers. Our results reveal that noisy miner mobbing may not be as indiscriminate as often assumed, with caller familiarity and location influencing this behaviour. We suggest there are benefits to greater consideration of the factors impacting noisy miner mobbing behaviour.</p>
Fig. 4 in Anteaters on the edge: giant and lesser anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla) at their geographic distributional limits in Paraguay
Fig. 4. Capture success (%) of lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion in Paraguay using trap-cameras from November 2016 to March 2018 by forest types: W-RF, Riparian forests associated to wetlands; MXF, Mesoxerophytic semi-deciduous forests dominated by Schinopsis balansae; FSF, Floodable sub-humid forest islets.
Figs 2, 3 in Anteaters on the edge: giant and lesser anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla) at their geographic distributional limits in Paraguay
Figs 2, 3. Photos taken by trap cameras in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion in Paraguay: 2) Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) on March 20th, 2017; 3) Lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758) on November 28th, 2017.
Fig. 1 in Anteaters on the edge: giant and lesser anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla) at their geographic distributional limits in Paraguay
Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion in Paraguay (left) and camera-trap ubications from November 2016 to March 2018. The numbers of the amplified area (right) indicate the date and season in which the trap cameras were placed in the different forests types (see Tab. I).
Fig. 5 in Anteaters on the edge: giant and lesser anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla) at their geographic distributional limits in Paraguay
Fig. 5. Records (%) by hour of the day of giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) and lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758) in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion in Paraguay using trap-cameras from November 2016 to March 2018.
РИС. 1. Схематичное иЗображение глаЗа наЗемного лёгочного моллюска. СокраЩениЯ: c – роговица; ec – глаЗнаЯ капсула; r – сетчатка; p – краЯ Зрачка; l – хрусталик, окруженный слоем стекловидного тела; L abs – абсолютное расстоЯние между Зрачком и наружной поверхностью хрусталика; D l – продольный диаметр хрусталика; А – абсолютный диаметр Зрачabs ка; D – поперечный диаметр глаЗа. FIG. 1. Schematic drawing of the eye of a terrestrial pulmonate mollusk. Abbreviation: c – cornea; ec – eye capsule; r – retina; p – edges of the pupil; l – lens, surrounded by a layer of the vitreous body; L abs – the absolute distance between the pupil and the outer surface of the lens; D l – the longitudinal diameter of the lens; А abs – the absolute diameter of the pupil; D e – the transverse diameter of the eye. in Зрачок камерных глаЗ наЗемных брюхоногих моллюсков (Heterobranchia, Stylommatophora)
РИС. 1. Схематичное иЗображение глаЗа наЗемного лёгочного моллюска. СокраЩениЯ: c – роговица; ec – глаЗнаЯ капсула; r – сетчатка; p – краЯ Зрачка; l – хрусталик, окруженный слоем стекловидного тела; L abs – абсолютное расстоЯние между Зрачком и наружной поверхностью хрусталика; D l – продольный диаметр хрусталика; А – абсолютный диаметр Зрачabs ка; D – поперечный диаметр глаЗа. FIG. 1. Schematic drawing of the eye of a terrestrial pulmonate mollusk. Abbreviation: c – cornea; ec – eye capsule; r – retina; p – edges of the pupil; l – lens, surrounded by a layer of the vitreous body; L abs – the absolute distance between the pupil and the outer surface of the lens; D l – the longitudinal diameter of the lens; А abs – the absolute diameter of the pupil; D e – the transverse diameter of the eye.
РИС. 2. ГлаЗ Monachoides incarnata. A. ФотографиЯ препарата иЗолированного глаЗа. B. ФотографиЯ продольного полутонкого среЗа глаЗа. СокраЩениЯ: c – роговица; ec – глаЗнаЯ капсула; r – сетчатка; p – краЯ Зрачка; l – хрусталик, окруженный слоем стекловидного тела. FIG. 2. The eye of Monachoides incarnata. A. Photograph of the preparation of the isolated eye. B. Photograph of the longitudinal semithin section of the eye. Abbreviation: c – cornea; ec – eye capsule; r – retina; p – edges of the pupil; l – lens, surrounded by a layer of the vitreous body. in Зрачок камерных глаЗ наЗемных брюхоногих моллюсков (Heterobranchia, Stylommatophora)
РИС. 2. ГлаЗ Monachoides incarnata. A. ФотографиЯ препарата иЗолированного глаЗа. B. ФотографиЯ продольного полутонкого среЗа глаЗа. СокраЩениЯ: c – роговица; ec – глаЗнаЯ капсула; r – сетчатка; p – краЯ Зрачка; l – хрусталик, окруженный слоем стекловидного тела. FIG. 2. The eye of Monachoides incarnata. A. Photograph of the preparation of the isolated eye. B. Photograph of the longitudinal semithin section of the eye. Abbreviation: c – cornea; ec – eye capsule; r – retina; p – edges of the pupil; l – lens, surrounded by a layer of the vitreous body.
Рис. 3. Раскоп 2: А – северная стенка, квадраты С–У; В – профиль бровки по линии меЖду квадратами 12–13, квадратами П–Р. Fig. 3. Excavation 3: A – the northern wall, squares С–У; В – the profile of the edge along the line between the squares 12–13, squares П–Р. in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 3. Раскоп 2: А – северная стенка, квадраты С–У; В – профиль бровки по линии меЖду квадратами 12–13, квадратами П–Р. Fig. 3. Excavation 3: A – the northern wall, squares С–У; В – the profile of the edge along the line between the squares 12–13, squares П–Р.
Рис. 2. Раскоп 1: А – сектор 5, профиль бровки по линии меЖду квадратами 20–21; В – северная стенка, квадраты 21–22. Fig. 2. Excavation 1: A – sector 5, the profile of the edge along the line between the squares 20–21; B – the northern wall, squares 21–22. in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 2. Раскоп 1: А – сектор 5, профиль бровки по линии меЖду квадратами 20–21; В – северная стенка, квадраты 21–22. Fig. 2. Excavation 1: A – sector 5, the profile of the edge along the line between the squares 20–21; B – the northern wall, squares 21–22.
Advancing shrub dendroecology: a cutting-edge machine learning method for measuring shrub rings
<p>This dataset contains the original data used for the manuscript "<span>Advancing shrub dendroecology: a cutting-edge machine learning method for measuring shrub rings". Image labels is structured as follows: </span></p> <p><span>Site code - Species - sample number </span></p> <p><span>Sites: </span></p> <ul> <li><span>F stands for Finse</span></li> <li><span>A stands for Abisko</span></li> </ul> <p><span>Species :</span></p> <ul> <li><span>DO stands fro Dryas octopetala </span></li> <li><span>EH for Empetrum hermaphroditum</span></li> </ul>
Genomic and environmental influences on resilience in a cold‐water fish near the edge of its range
<p>Small, isolated populations present a challenge for conservation. The dueling effects of selection and drift in a limited pool of genetic diversity make the responses of small populations to environmental perturbations erratic and difficult to predict. This is particularly true at the edge of a species range, where populations often persist at the limits of their environmental tolerances. Populations of cisco, <i>Coregonus artedi</i>, in inland lakes have experienced numerous extirpations along the southern edge of their range in recent decades, which are thought to result from environmental degradation and loss of cold, well-oxygenated habitat as lakes warm. Yet, cisco extirpations do not show a clear latitudinal pattern, suggesting that local environmental factors and potentially local adaptation may influence resilience. Here, we used genomic tools to investigate the nature of this pattern of resilience. We used restriction site-associated DNA capture (Rapture) sequencing to survey genomic diversity and differentiation in southern inland lake cisco populations and compared the frequency of deleterious mutations that potentially influence fitness across lakes. We also examined haplotype diversity in a region of the major histocompatibility complex involved in stress and immune system response. We correlated these metrics to spatial and environmental factors including latitude, lake size, and measures of oxythermal habitat and found significant relationships between genetic metrics and broad and local factors. High levels of genetic differentiation among populations were punctuated by a phylogeographic break and residual patterns of isolation-by-distance. Although the prevalence of deleterious mutations and inbreeding coefficients was significantly correlated with latitude, neutral and non-neutral genetic diversity were most strongly correlated with lake surface area. Notably, differences among lakes in the availability of estimated oxythermal habitat left no clear population genomic signature. Our results shed light on the complex dynamics influencing these isolated populations and provide valuable information for their conservation.</p>
Aeroelastic simulations of wind turbines affected by leading edge erosion: datasets for multivariate time-series classification
<p>This repository contains data generated and used for classification in the publication:<br> Duthé, G.; Abdallah, I.; Barber, S.; Chatzi, E. Modeling and Monitoring Erosion of the Leading Edge of Wind Turbine Blades. <em>Energies</em> <strong>2021</strong>, <em>14</em>, 7262. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217262</p> <p>The data is generated via OpenFAST aeroelastic simulations coupled with a Non-Homogeneous Compound Poisson Process for degradation modelling and was used to train a Transformer deep learning model.</p> <p>One degradation run generates 1200 samples (1 sample every 6 days corresponding to a 20 year degradation period). In total 20 degradation runs are made available (20x1200 = 24'000 multivariate time-series samples). This repo can serve to benchmark long multivariate time-series classification algorithms. There are 10 possible classes of erosion severity.</p> <p>Each sample is a multivariate time-series of length 60'000, with the following 4 channels extracted from the simulations for a section at the tip of the blade:</p> <ul> <li>Inflow velocity</li> <li>Angle of attack</li> <li>Lift coefficient</li> <li>Drag coefficient</li> </ul> <p>Please see the publication above for more information as well as the included readme for information about the data and an example of how to load it into to PyTorch.</p> <p> </p>
Predator-based selection and the impact of edge sympatry on components of coral snake mimicry
<p>Mimicry is a vivid example of how predator-driven selection can impact phenotypic diversity, which itself can be influenced by the presence (sympatry) or absence (allopatry) of a dangerous model. However, the impact of sympatry and allopatry on predation on mimicry systems at fine spatial scales (e.g., edge sympatry, allopatry) is not well understood. We used a clay model study in a montane tropical site in Honduras to test the impact of edge sympatry on 1) overall attack rates, 2) the fitness benefit of mimetic coloration, 3) predation on specific mimetic signal components, and 4) temporal variation in predator-based selection on mimicry components. Unlike previous research, we found that mimetic phenotypes received significantly more attacks than cryptic replicas in edge sympatry, suggesting that mimetic phenotypes might not confer a fitness benefit in areas of edge sympatry. Additionally, we documented temporal variation in predator-based selection, as the impacts of allopatry on predatory attacks varied among years. Our results imply that the effect of sympatry and allopatry on predator-based selection in mimicry systems may be more complex than previously thought for species-rich assemblies of coral snakes and their mimics in the montane tropics.</p>
A Double-Edged Sword: Parental care increases risk of offspring infection by a maternally-vectored parasite
<p>Parental care can protect offspring from predators but can also create opportunities for parents to vector parasites to their offspring. We hypothesized that the risk of infection by maternally-vectored parasites would increase with the frequency of mother-offspring contact. Ammophila spp. wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) build nests in which they rear single offspring. Ammophila species exhibit varied offspring provisioning behaviors: some species enter the nest once to provision a single, large caterpillar, whereas others enter the nest repeatedly to provision with many smaller caterpillars. We hypothesized that each nest visit increases the risk of offspring parasitism by Paraxenos lugubris (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), whose infectious stages ride on the mother wasp (phoresy) to reach the vulnerable Ammophila offspring. We quantified parasitism risk by external examination of museum-curated Ammophila specimens—the anterior portion of P. lugubris protrudes between the adult host's abdominal sclerites and reflects infection during the larval stage. As predicted, Ammophila species that receive larger numbers of provisions incur greater risks of parasitism, with nest provisioning behavior explaining ca. 90% of the interspecific variation in mean parasitism. These findings demonstrate that parental care can augment, rather than reduce, risk of parasite transmission to offspring.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.