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FIGURE 8 in Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). I. The genus Hebecnema Schnabl with description of a new Canarian endemic species and a review of the European fauna

FIGURE 8. Hebecnema spp. Ovipositor, left half only, except for sternites VI and VII. A, B. H. umbratica (Meigen). C. H. anthracinella sp. nov. Abbreviations: Ce = cercus; Ep = epiproct; Hy = hypoproct; St = sternite; T = tergite.

FIGURE 1. Hebecnema anthracina Stein. Male terminalia. A, B. Sternites IV and V in Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). I. The genus Hebecnema Schnabl with description of a new Canarian endemic species and a review of the European fauna

FIGURE 1. Hebecnema anthracina Stein. Male terminalia. A, B. Sternites IV and V in ventral and lateral views. C, D. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in posterior and lateral views.

FIGURE 6 in Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). I. The genus Hebecnema Schnabl with description of a new Canarian endemic species and a review of the European fauna

FIGURE 6. Hebecnema nigra (Robineau-Desvoidy). Male terminalia. A, B. Sternite V in ventral and lateral views. C, D. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in posterior and lateral views.

FIGURE 4 in Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). I. The genus Hebecnema Schnabl with description of a new Canarian endemic species and a review of the European fauna

FIGURE 4. Hebecnema umbratica (Meigen). Male terminalia. A, B. Sternite V in ventral and lateral views. C, D. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in posterior and lateral views.

FIGURE 3 in Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). I. The genus Hebecnema Schnabl with description of a new Canarian endemic species and a review of the European fauna

FIGURE 3. Hebecnema fumosa (Meigen). Male terminalia. A, B. Sternite V in ventral and lateral views. C, D. Cerci, surstyli and epandrium in posterior and lateral views.

FIGURE 3. A–M, except J in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 3. A–M, except J: Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n. Topotype, adult male. A. Head; B. Collum; Tergites showing pattern of trichome insertions: C. Tergite 2, D. Tergite 4; E. Tergite 10; F. Pattern of insertions of dorso-medial fan of trichomes on telson; G. right gnathochilarium; H. Left antenna showing proportions of articles; I. Article VII sensilla; K. Article VI sensilla; L. leg 8; M. Hooked caudal trichome. J. P. argentifer adult male, Russia, Utrish Nature Reserve, Article VII sensilla. Scale bars: A–E = 200 µm; F, G, M = 50 µm; I, J, K = 10 µm; H, L = 100 µm.

FIGURE 2 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 2. Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921). comb. n., sub-adult male, Krasnodar Province, Russia; A. dorsal view, B. ventral view. Whole mount in 80% ethanol. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 8. Optimal maximum likelihood tree based on molecular data (COI). Bootstrap support values (> 50%) shown on the nodes.

FIGURE 5 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758), stadium VI (immature), Krasnodar Province, Russia, A. Dorsal view; B. Distal section of left antennal showing pattern of sensilla on article VI and VII; C. Left side of head showing ommatidia and trichobothria; D. Collum; E. Portion of 4th tergite showing pattern of trichome insertions. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B. = 20 µm; C, D and E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 1. Map to show localities of all specimens identified in this study. Map created using SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net, (Shorthouse 2010). Legend: Stars = Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n.; purple star = Verhoeff types; red star = identified in this study; orange = formerly identified as P. trivittatus (Verhoeff, 1921); green inverted triangle = Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758); green circle = Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n.; white circle = Polyxenus sp.; yellow star = Propolyxenus aegeus Silvestri, 1948.

FIGURE 4 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n. adult female: A. Dorsal view of head; B. Trichomes on tergite 2. C. labrum; D. Scale-like trichomes on tergites 8, 9 and 10; E. Portion of 8th leg showing setae: biarticular setae on prefemur (a) and femur (b) small setiform seta on tibia (c), spine on tarsus 2 (d); F. Hooked caudal trichome; G. Distal section of right antenna showing sensilla on articles 6, 7 and 8: thick basiconic sensilla (T), thin basiconic sensilla (t), conical sensilla (c), setiform sensilla (s); H. Lateral palp of gnathochilarium; I. Telotarsus showing claw (c) with posterior process (p), anterior spinous process (s). and lamella (l); J. telson showing pattern of insertions of ornamental trichomes. Scale bars: A, D, J = 200 µm; B, C, E = 50 µm; E, F, G, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm.

FIGURE 7 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 7. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images of Polyxenus lakaranensis sp. n., adult female: A. Dorsal view; B. Labrum; C. Setae on coxa of leg 2; D. Ventral view showing pair of vulvae (see arrow) associated with 2nd pair of legs; E. Distal section of right antenna showing articles 6, 7 and 8; F. Telotarsus showing claw (c) with posterior process (p), anterior spinous process (s) and lamella (l). Scale bars: A, B, D = 200 μm, E = 20 μm, C, F = 5 μm.

FIGURE 6 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 6. Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n. Holotype, adult female; A. Sensilla of left 7th antennal article; B. Sensilla of left 6th antennal article; C. Head; D. Collum; Tergites showing pattern of trichome insertions: E. Tergite 2; F. Tergite 4; G. Tergite 10. I. Comparison of medial anterior trichomes, Left: P. lankaranensis, Right: P. lagurus, adult female, Croatia. J. 9th leg showing pattern of setae and tarsal spine; K. Same species, paratype adult female, pattern of dorso-medial trichomes anterior to caudal bundle. Polyxenus sp., adult male; H. Sensilla of left 6th antennal article. Scale bars: A, B, H, K = 10 µm, C, D, E, F, G = 100 µm, I, J = 50 µm.

FIGURE 4. 4a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 4. 4a. Bryophila katiba. Holotype male, Tafraout, Morocco. MNHN. 4b. Bryophila katiba. Female, Anti Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No. RL12446f. Coll. GR.

FIGURE 7. 7a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 7. 7a. Male genitalia of Bryophila squamosa. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No.: RL12464. NHMW. 7b. Male genitalia of Bryophila schwingenschussi. Holotype male, Bône, Algeria. Slide No.: Boursin Schwi30. NHMW. 7c. Male genitalia of Bryophila blepharista. Holotype male, Taanzoult [Tazoult], Morocco. Slide No.: BoursinSchw30. MNHN.

FIGURE 6. 6a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 6. 6a. Male genitalia of Bryophila perloides, male, Finca La Molina, Casares, Málaga, Andalusia. Genit, prep. MF, ZMC. 6b. Genitalia of the syntype of Bryophila perloides, designated here as lectotype. Andalusia, Spain. Genit, prep. Gyula M. László, NHMUK, specimen labelled as 010918082. 6c. Male genitalia of Bryophila barbaria. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No.: RL12477. NHMW.

FIGURE 3. 3a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 3. 3a. Bryophila squamosa. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. 3b. Bryophila schwingenschussi. Holotype male, Bône, Algeria. NHMW. 3c. Bryophila blepharista. Holotype male, Taanzoult [Tazoult], Morocco. MNHN. 3d. Bryophila blepharista. Paratype male, Middle Atlas Mts, Morocco. MNHN.

FIGURE 5. 5a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 5. 5a. Male genitalia of Bryophila domestica, as figured in Noctuidae Europaeae, vol. 11 (Fibiger et al., 2009). 5b. Male genitalia of Bryopsis muralis. Slide No.: RL9677, Sardinia, Italy. HNHM. 5c. Male genitalia of Nyctobrya simonyi. Slide No.: VM19488, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW.

FIGURE 2. 2a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 2. 2a. Bryophila barbaria. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. 2b. Bryophila barbaria. Paralectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. s 2c. Bryophila barbaria. Female, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. HNHM. s 2d. Bryophila barbaria. Female, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. HNHM.

FIGURE 1. 1a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)

FIGURE 1. 1a. Syntype of Bryophila perloides. Designated here as lectotype. Andalusia, Spain. NHMUK. 1b. Bryophila perloides. Male, Finca La Molina, Casares, Málaga, Andalusia, Spain (Photo Penny Hale). 1c. Bryophila perloides. Male, Campo de Gibraltar, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain (Photo José Manuel Gaona Ríos). 1d. Bryophila perloides. Male, Campo de Gibraltar, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain (Photo José Manuel Gaona Ríos). 1e. Bryopsis muralis. Male, Germany. HNHM. 1f. Bryopsis muralis. Female, Germany. HNHM. 1g. Nyctobrya simonyi. Male, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW. 1h. Nyctobrya simonyi. Female, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW.