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214 results for “Evolutionary systematics”
Unveiling the evolutionary history of a puzzling antlion genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) based on systematic revision, molecular phylogenetics, and biogeographic inference
<p>The antlion genus <em>Gatzara</em> Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but having chaotic background of systematics. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity and to unravel the evolutionary history of this genus. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we separate the species of <em>Gatzara</em> into two clades, and most of these species are transferred to the genus <em>Nepsalus</em> Navás, 1912 herein restored. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of <em>Gatzara</em> and <em>Nepsalus</em> might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera might have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most <em>Nepsalus</em> species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicarience events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely <em>N. chikuni</em> sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: <em>N. caelestis</em> (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., <em>N. decorillus</em> (Yang, 1997) comb. n., <em>N. decorosus</em> (Yang, 1988) comb. n., <em>N. indicus</em> (Navás, 1914) comb. n., <em>N. insolitus</em> (Walker, 1860) comb. n., <em>N. jezoensis</em> (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and <em>N. petrophilus</em> (Miller & Stange, 1999) comb. n.</p>
Figure 11 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 11. Anatomy of the radula in Sermyla. A, rachis and lateralia of Sermyla kupaensis (ZMB 191388). B, marginalia of Sermyla kupaensis (ZMB 191388). C, rachis and lateralia of S. riquetii (BMNH 2403). D, marginalia of S. riquetii (BMNH 2403). E, rachis and lateralia of S. carbonata (ZMB 106700). F, marginalia of S. carbonata (ZMB 106700).
Figure 10 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 10. Non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS) on the complete AFLP dataset. Coloured symbols indicate the same cluster; black symbols indicate that a direct cluster affiliation is not possible for that individual. Note for S. carbonata: all colored asterisks are the same cluster.
Figure 7 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 7. Neighbor-net analysis of AFLP data based on five primer combinations and a matrix corrected by AMARE; coloration of Sermyla kupaensis, S. riquetii and S. carbonata according to their sampling locations and river systems, additional colors represent additional thiarid species. Only one individual had a mixed genotype and was not clearly associated with one of the clusters.
Figure 8 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 8. Structure analysis of AFLP data based on five primer combinations and a matrix corrected by AMARE. A, structure analysis of the AFLP dataset under the assumption of admixture (limited gene flow). B, structure analysis of the AFLP dataset under the assumption without admixture (no gene flow).
Figure 5 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 5. Morphological differences of Sermyla kupaensis, S.riquetii and S. carbonata populations. A, boxplots for the height measurements of Sermyla kupaensis, S.riquetii and S. carbonata from the different sampling locations and river systems. Five-pointed star: syntypes of S. riquetii; six-pointed stars: syntypes of M. venustula; triangle tip down: holotype of S. prognata; nine-pointed star: syntypes of S. carbonata. B, boxplots for the total amount of juveniles inside the brood pouch of S.riquetii and S. carbonata from different sampling locations and drainage systems, as well as a veliger larva from Sermyla kupaensis for comparison.
Figure 6. Concatenated COI and 16S in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 6. Concatenated COI and 16S mtDNA-phylogeny of Sermyla kupaensis, S. riquetii and S. carbonata and other Australian thiarid species, as well as two Paludomus siamensis as outgroup, with numbers at nodes refering to maximum likelihood bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Symbols along branches indicate the mode of reproduction: squares = euviviparous; circles = ovoviviparous. Abbreviations refer to sampling locations: HS = Howard Springs; GC = Gulf of Carpentaria; RR = Roper River; WA = Western Australia (Bundara Sinkhole); BAL = Bali; VIE = Vietnam; THA = Thailand.
Figure 9 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 9. Structure analysis of AFLP data based on five primer combinations and a matrix corrected by AMARE for the reduced dataset of S. carbonata in Australia. Results have been assigned to their geographical localities.
Figure 2 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 2. Geographic range of S. riquetii (circles), S. kupaensis (hexagon) and S. carbonata (squares) with a colour-code for the different drainage systems in Australia. Black squares: sequenced, ethanol preserved material of S. carbonata; white squares: dry shells of S. carbonata; black circles: sequenced, ethanol preserved material of S. riquetii; white circles: dry shells of S. riquetii; black hexagon: sequenced, ethanol-preserved material of S. kupaensis; white hexagon: dry shells of S. kupaensis; five-pointed stars: type localities of 1 = S. riquetii, 2 = S. kupaensis, 3 = S. carbonata, 4 = M. venustula.
Figure 3 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 3. Shell measurements and positions of landmarks for morphological analyses of the shell of Sermyla species. A, shell measurements for biometrical analysis: ShH, shell height; L3WH, height of the last three whorls; LWH, last whorl height; AW, width of the aperture; AH, height of the aperture; ShW, width of the shell. B, landmarks set for the geometric morphometric analysis.
Figure 4 in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 4. Shape differences of populations of S. riquetii, S. carbonata and S. kupaensis. Principle component analysis (PCA) for the configuration of 15 landmarks of S. kupaensis from Sulawesi, S. riquetii from Bali, Vietnam and Thailand, S. cf. riquetii from Australia, as well as S. carbonata in the different drainage systems of Australia. Five-pointed star: syntype of S. riquetii; nine-pointed star: syntypes of S. carbonata; six-pointed stars: syntypes of M. venustula; triangle tip down: holotype of S. prognata.
Figure 1. A in Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species
Figure 1. A–AB, shell morphology of Sermyla: A–O, Sermyla riquetii; P–T, Sermyla kupaensis; U–AB, Sermyla carbonata. A, syntype of Sermyla riquetii (Grateloupe, 1840), 'Batavia' (BMNH 1907.11.22.40); B, syntype of Sermyla riquetii (Grateloupe, 1840), 'Batavia' (BMNH 1907.11.22.41); C, syntype of Melania harpula Dunker, 1844 (ZMB 109669); D, syntype of Melania mitra Dunker, 1844 (ZMB 109670); E, original drawing of Melania semicostata Philippi 1847; F, syntype of Melania tornatella Lea & Lea, 1851 (BMNH 1978155); G, syntype of Melania sculpta Souleyet, 1852 (BMNH 1854.7.24.381); H, holotype of Sermyla kowloonensis Chen, 1943 (USNM 48041); I, S. riquetii from Bali, Gumbrih River (ZMB 106474-3); J, S. riquetii from Thailand, Puek Tian Beach (ZMB 107883-11); K, S. riquetii from Thailand, Perchaburi (ZMB 127817-2); L, S. riquetii from Thailand, Samut Songkhram (ZMB 127818-2); M, S. riquetii from Vietnam, Hue (ZMB 114421–5); N, S. cf. riquetii from Australia: QLD, Caloundra (AMS C.3215-1); O, S. cf. riquetii from Australia: QLD, Caloundra (AMS C.3215-2); P, holotype of Sermyla kupaensis from Indonesia, Kupa River (MZB Gst. 12.191); Q, paratype of Sermyla kupaensis ZMB 191388-4); R, paratype of Sermyla kupaensis (ZMB 191388-10); S, paratype of Sermyla kupaensis (ZMB 191388-5); T, paratype of Sermyla kupaensis (ZMB 191388-7); U, syntype of Sermyla carbonata (Reeve, 1859), 'Port Essington' (BMNH 2001.0762); V, syntype of Melania venustula Brot, 1877, 'Port Denison' (MNHG, no number); W, holotype of Sermylasma prognata Iredale, 1943, Australia, Victoria River (BMNH 1857.9.30.8-1); X, S. carbonata, Australia: Bundara Sinkhole (BES 10048); Y, S. carbonata, Australia, Howard Springs (ZMB 107630–2); Z, S. carbonata, Australia, Roper River (ZMB 107616-1); AA, S. carbonata, Australia, Roper Bar (ZMB 192017-1); AB, S. carbonata, Australia, Norman River (107209-5).
Supplementary material 1 from: Costa HC, Welton LJ, Hallermann J (2018) An updated diagnosis of the rare Amphisbaena slateri Boulenger, 1907, based on additional specimens (Squamata, Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Evolutionary Systematics 2(2): 125-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.28059
Unpublished typed manuscript by Carl Gans, written in 1980 reporting the discovery of ZMH R1282. This manuscript should have been published at the Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg (former name of Evolutionary Systematics) but was never submitted. Reproduced with the authorization of Gans Collections and Charitable Fund Trustees :
Fig. 15 Oxybelis vittatus. FMNH 170133 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 15 Oxybelis vittatus. FMNH 170133, from the Canal Zone of Panama. a Profile; b crown; c underside of head
Fig. 14 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 14 Oxybelis rutherfordi sp. nov. in life. a and b Tobago specimens. JCM; c Aripo Savanna, Trinidad. JCM; d an exceptionally large specimen (2.1 m) from Tobago (M. Patrikeev)
Fig. 12 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 12 Holotype (UTA R-64851) of Oxybelis rutherfordi sp. nov. in life prior to preserva- tion collected in the Arima Valley, Trinidad (M.G. Rutherford)
Fig. 10 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 10 Oxybelis microphthalmus in-life. a and b show the profiles while c shows the gaping mouth defensive behavior. Photograph a by JCM and b and c by J. ReyesVelasco
Fig. 9 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 9 Oxybelis koehleri sp. nov. in life. a Mocorón, Gracias a Dios, Honduras (C.J. Franklin); b Santa Rosa, Costa Rica (L. Porras)
Fig. 11 a–d in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 11 a–d Holotype of Oxybelis potosiensis Taylor 1941 (UIMNH 25069) from San Luis Potosí, Mexico; a whole specimen; b the crown, note the lack of a constriction anterior to the eyes, rostral not visible from above, and the relatively broad snout; c the profile; d arrangement of the chin shields
Fig. 8 in Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution
Fig. 8 Holotype of Oxybelis koehleri sp. nov., UTA R-46846 preserved; a dorsal; b top of the head; c profile; d ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm
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