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570 results for “Exposure data”
Data from: Acute cytotoxicity and increased vascular endothelial growth factor after in vitro nitrogen mustard vapor exposure
<p>RATIONALE: Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a highly toxic alkylating agent. It is classified as chemical threat due to its potential use as a warfare agent. When inhaled, mustard exposure can cause both acute and chronic lung injury. The aims of this study are to develop an in vitro culture system for modeling mustard-induced airway injury and to identify growth factors contributing to airway pathology.</p> <p><br> METHODS: Primary human bronchial epithelial cells co-cultured with primary human pulmonary endothelial cells were exposed to NM (25, 50, 100, 250 or 500 µM) or PBS (control) for 1 hour. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured prior to and 24 hours after NM exposure. Endothelial cultures were then stained for live/dead staining. Exposed airway media was also analyzed for growth factors using Luminex multiplex technology. </p> <p><br> RESULTS: A one-hour NM vapor exposure increased supernatant LDH and decreased TEER at 24 hours for all cultures exposed to NM concentrations greater than or equal to 50 µM. Evidence of endothelial cell death occurred at NM concentrations of 250 and 500 µM. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, specifically VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), increased in NM-exposed co-culture media compared to PBS controls. </p> <p><br> CONCLUSIONS: NM vapor exposure causes significant airway epithelial and endothelial injury. Increased VEGF signaling occurred in airway co-cultures exposed to higher NM concentrations with concurrent endothelial cell death. Future studies are required to validate the role of VEGF signaling in both acute and chronic mustard-induced airway pathology. </p>
Data from: Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach
<p>1. The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost-intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity.</p> <p>2. Deadwood objects, i.e. logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun-exposed, canopy-shaded, and artificially shaded for four years, after which the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood-inhabiting fungi, and spiders were analyzed. Analyses of beta-diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random-drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma-diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount.</p> <p>3. In sun-exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi. The beta-diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting-fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta-diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance.</p> <p>4. A combination of canopy-shaded <i>Carpinus</i> logs and sun-exposed <i>Populus</i> logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun-exposure treatments.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. <i>Carpinus, Populus</i>), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. <i>Quercus</i>) and coniferous tree species (e.g. <i>Pinus</i>) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity.</p>
Code and data for: Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities
<p>The following code and data are used to generate the results for the publication "Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities". Climate_Data.zip contains the monthly minimum and maximum temperatures, vegetation data, and soil thickness data to generate microclimates. NicheMapR_code_and_files.zip contains the script and data necessary to generate the microhabitats. Endoscape.zip contains the data and script necessary to run the heat flux models. Resurvey_data.zip contains the jags data to run the occupancy models for small mammals and birds. The read_me file contains the descriptions of all data and script necessary to reproduce the data from the publication.</p>
Data from: Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors
Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups, with 32% of species at risk for extinction. Given this imperiled status, is the disappearance of a large fraction of the Earth's amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species more resilient than is generally assumed? We address this question in a species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae). Based on >7,000 frog surveys conducted across Yosemite National Park over a 20-y period, we show that, after decades of decline and despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors, including introduced fish, the recently emerged disease chytridiomycosis, and pesticides, R. sierrae abundance increased sevenfold during the study and at a rate of 11% per year. These increases occurred in hundreds of populations throughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that these increases may be in part because of reduced frog susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of nonnative fish from numerous water bodies after cessation of stocking also contributed to the recovery. The large-scale increases in R. sierrae abundance that we document suggest that, when habitats are relatively intact and stressors are reduced in their importance by active management or species' adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a regional scale. Other studies conducted over similarly large temporal and spatial scales are critically needed to provide insight and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale.
Data from: Developmental Dieldrin exposure alters DNA methylation at genes related to dopaminergic neuron development and Parkinson's disease in mouse midbrain
Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite previous work showing a link between developmental dieldrin exposure and increased neuronal susceptibility to MPTP toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice, the mechanism mediating this effect has not been identified. Here, we tested the hypothesis that developmental exposure to dieldrin increases neuronal susceptibility via genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. Starting at 8 weeks of age and prior to mating, female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3 mg/kg dieldrin by feeding (every 3 days) throughout breeding, gestation, and lactation. At 12 weeks of age, pups were sacrificed and ventral mesencephalon, containing primarily substantia nigra, were microdissected. DNA was isolated and dieldrin-related changes in DNA methylation were assessed via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified significant, sex-specific differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) by developmental dieldrin exposure (FDRNr4a2 and Lmx1b genes, which are involved in dopaminergic neuron development and maintenance. Developmental dieldrin exposure had distinct effects on the male and female epigenome. Together, our data suggest that developmental dieldrin exposure establishes sex-specific poised epigenetic states early in life. These poised epigenomes may mediate sensitivity to subsequent toxic stimuli and contribute to the development of late-life neurodegenerative disease, including PD.
Data from: Diversity and preserved shell coloration patterns of Miocene Conidae (Neogastropoda) from an exposure of the Gatun Formation, Colon Province, Panama
Extant members of the neogastropod family Conidae (cone snails) are renowned for their often dazzling shell coloration patterns and venomous feeding habits. Many cone snail species have also been described from the fossil record, but to date have been little used to understand the evolutionary history of extant clades. The cone snail fauna of the Miocene Gatun Formation of Colón Province, Panama is especially important for understanding the temporal and biogeographic history of tropical American Conidae. Intensive, focused collecting from an exposure of the lower Gatun Formation (deposited ca. 11-10 Ma) resulted in the discovery of nearly 900 specimens of Conidae. Remarkably, many of these well-preserved specimens exhibit revealed coloration patterns when exposed to ultraviolet light. The fluorescing coloration patterns were used in conjunction with other features of shell morphology to differentiate species and, in most cases, evaluate their potential relationships to members of the extant tropical American fauna. Nine species are fully described from this locality, one of which is recognized as new: Conus (Stephanoconus) woodringi n. sp. At least one, and perhaps more, Conidae species are also present at the study locality. The diversity of this Conidae fauna is considered moderate relative to other recently analyzed tropical American fossil assemblages. The phylogenetic diversity of the assemblage, however, is noteworthy: six of the ten species can be confidently assigned to six different clades of extant Conidae, providing potentially useful calibration points for future phylogenetic studies.
Topological Overlap Matrices for DNA Methylation data of Gestational Diabetes Cohort with BMI and Exposure Status
<p>DNA methylation in placenta was measured with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, Inc) microarray, in a sample of 28 women, 20 of whom had a gestational diabetes (GD)-affected pregnancy and 8 who did not. We used GD status as our exposure variable, assuming that this has widespread effects on DNA methylation and on its correlation patterns. Our response, Y, is the standardized body mass index (BMI) in the offspring at the age of 5. For the 10,000 most variable probes, we provide 3 topological overlap matrices (TOM), which are used in our analysis (note that each of the following TOM matrices are a 10,000 by 10,000 symmetric matrix with row names and column names corresponding to the CpG probe IDs:</p> <ol> <li>TOM_Methylation_All_10k.rds: based on all 28 subjects, </li> <li>TOM_Methylation_E0_10k.rds: based on the 8 subjects without a GD-affected pregnancy</li> <li>TOM_Methylation_E1_10k.rds: based on the 20 subjects with a GD-affected pregnancy </li> </ol> <p>The BMI (phenotype) and GD status (exposure) are given in the following dataset:</p> <ol> <li>BMI_and_Exposure_Status.rds: 28 x 2 matrix of the phenotype and exposure. each row is a subject.</li> </ol> <p>Using our ECLUST method (preprint available at http://sahirbhatnagar.com/slides/manuscript1_SB_v4.pdf), we derive 77 clusters, and here we provide the 1st principal component of each cluster:</p> <ol> <li>Cluster_Summary_1stPC.rds: 28 x 77 matrix, where each row is a subject, in the same order as the BMI_and_Exposure_Status.rds data</li> <li>Cluster_CpGs_names.rds: a list of length 77, where each element of the list contains the list of CpG probe IDs contained in each of the clusters</li> </ol> <p>To read in the data use the readRDS function, e.g.:</p> <p>TOM_All <- readRDS(file = "TOM_Methylation_All_10k.rds")</p>
Data for: Feeding frequency does not interact with BPA exposure to influence metabolism of behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p><span>Resource limitation can constrain energy (ATP) production, and thereby affect locomotion and behaviour such as exploration of novel environments and boldness. Consequently, ecological processes such as dispersal and interactions within and between species may be influenced by food availability. Energy metabolism, and behaviour are regulated by endocrine signaling, and may therefore be impacted by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) derived from plastic manufacture and pollution. It is important to determine the impacts of these novel environmental contexts to understand how human activity alters individual physiology and behaviour and thereby populations. Our aim was to determine whether BPA exposure interacts with feeding frequency to alter metabolism and behaviour. In a fully factorial experiment, we show that low feeding frequency reduced zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) mass, condition, resting metabolic rates, total distance moved and speed in a novel arena, as well as anxiety indicated by the number of times fish returned to a dark shelter. However, feeding frequency did not significantly affect maximal metabolic rates, aerobic scope, swimming performance, latency to leave a shelter, or metabolic enzyme activities (citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase). Natural or anthropogenic fluctuation in food resources can therefore impact energetics and movement of animals with repercussions for ecological processes such as dispersal. BPA exposure reduced LDH activity and body mass, but did not interact with feeding frequency. Hence, behaviour of adult fish is relatively insensitive to disruption by BPA. However, alteration of LDH activity by BPA could disrupt lactate metabolism and signalling and together with reduction in body mass could affect size-dependent reproductive output. BPA released by plastic manufacture and pollution can thereby impact conservation and management of natural resources. </span></p>
Behavioral data associated with "Passive exposure to task-relevant stimuli enhances categorization learning"
<p>Behavioral data associated with Schmid et al. (2023) "<i>Passive exposure to task-relevant stimuli enhances categorization learning</i>", and example code for loading these data. See README.md for details.</p><p> </p>
Supporting Data for "Local exposure misclassification in national models: relationships with urban infrastructure and demographics"
<p><strong>Overview:</strong> This dataset accompanies the recent publication "Local exposure misclassification in national models: relationships with urban infrastructure and demographics" (DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00624-z). It provides essential data for replicating and extending the analysis conducted in the study. The script for the analysis is available at https://github.com/SEChambliss-AQ/LD-analysis. The dataset consists of four key files.</p> <p><strong>Files Included:</strong></p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Gridded OSM and GSV Data (gridded_OSM_GSV.RDS):</strong></p> <ul> <li>This R object offers a 100mx100m grid covering select neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area.</li> <li>Each grid cell includes average air pollution levels (Ultrafine Particle Count in thousand count per cubic meter; Nitrogen Dioxide in ppb) from mobile monitoring.</li> <li>The file also provides normalized z-scores of local density of urban infrastructure related to air pollutants based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data.</li> <li>Further details can be found in the associated publication.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>BartMachine Outputs (bartMachine R objects.zip):</strong></p> <ul> <li>A collection of R object outputs from the bartMachine package, an R-Java Bayesian Additive Regression Trees implementation.</li> <li>These objects, which can be regenerated using the provided script, are included to reduce computational requirements for future analyses.</li> <li>The script for generating these outputs is available at the above <a href="https://github.com/SEChambliss-AQ/LD-analysis">GitHub Repository</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>NO2 Predictions (CACES_criteria.csv):</strong></p> <ul> <li>Land Use Regression (LUR) data for Nitrogen Dioxide, provided by the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions.</li> <li>Methodologies for integrating these data with the gridded dataset are described in the publication and script.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>UFP Predictions (CACES_UFP.csv):</strong></p> <ul> <li>Similar to the NO2 dataset, this file contains LUR data for Ultrafine Particle predictions.</li> <li>Methods for data integration are detailed in the publication and available script.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Usage:</strong> These files are intended for researchers and analysts aiming to replicate or build upon the study's findings. They provide a source of data for exploring the complex interplay between air pollution, urban infrastructure, and demographic factors in urban environments. For detailed methodology and analysis, refer to the original publication and the accompanying GitHub repository.</p>
Replication data for global population profile of tropical cyclone exposure during 2002 and 2019
<p>Tropical cyclones have far-reaching impacts on livelihoods and population health that often persist years after the event. Characterizing the demographic and socioeconomic profile and the vulnerabilities of the exposed populations is essential to assess health and other risks associated with future tropical cyclone events. Estimates of exposure to tropical cyclones are often regional rather than global and do not consider population vulnerabilities. Here, we combine spatially resolved annual demographic estimates with tropical cyclone wind fields estimates to construct a global profile of the populations exposed to tropical cyclones between 2002 and 2019. We find that approximately 560 million people are exposed yearly and that the number of people exposed has increased across all cyclone intensities over the study period. The age distribution of those exposed has shifted away from children (under-5) and towards older people (over-60) in recent years compared to the early 2000s. Populations exposed to tropical cyclones are more socioeconomically deprived than those unexposed within the same country, and this relationship is more pronounced for people exposed to higher intensity storms. By characterizing the patterns and vulnerabilities of populations exposed to tropical cyclones, our results can help identify mitigation strategies and assess the global burden and future risks of tropical cyclones.</p>
Data from: Metabolomic profiles of acute and chronic ambient hydrogen sulfide exposure in a mouse model
<p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is an environmental toxicant of health concern following acute or chronic human exposures. Male 6-8 week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation to 1000 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S for 45 min and euthanized at 5 min and 72 h for acute exposure. For subchronic study, mice were exposed to 5 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. The brainstem was removed for metabolomic analysis. The metabolomics analyses consisted of three assays, (1) primary metabolism by GC-TOF MS, (2) biogenic amines (hydrophilic compounds) by HILIC-MS/MS and (3) lipidomics by RPLC-MS/MS. Metabolomics were performed in West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California at Davis, CA, USA. 348, 311, and 565 known metabolites were detected and analyzed by primary metabolism, biogenic amines, and lipidomic metabolomics assays. 33, 19, and 46 metabolites were increased at 5 min and 72 h post acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposures and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposures, respectively, compared to room air control group. 22, 17, and 32 metabolites were decreased at 5 min and 72 h post acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposures and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposures, respectively, compared to room air control group. Acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposure decreased excitatory neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate concentrations while the inhibitory neurotransmitter serotonin was increased. Glutamate and serotonin were also decreased after ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. Branched-chain amino acids, fructose, and glucose were increased by acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. In ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposure, glucose was decreased while MUFAs, PUFAs, inosine, and hypoxanthine were increased. Collectively, these results provide important mechanistic clues of acute and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S poisonings and show that H<sub>2</sub>S alters neurotransmission homeostasis.</p>
Supplementary data: Bayesian multi-exposure image fusion for robust high dynamic range ptychography
<p>Accompanying supplementary data for the paper. To download this data automatically and use the software, please refer to the details in the README of the linked github repository. </p> <p><strong>Github URL: </strong><a href="https://github.com/microscopic-image-analysis/bayes-mef"><strong>https://github.com/microscopic-image-analysis/bayes-mef</strong></a></p>
Data for: Exposure and sensitivity of terrestrial vertebrates to biological invasions worldwide
<div> <p><em><strong>All details on the dataset are provided in the README. Details on the methods are in the Supplementary Material of the associated paper.</strong></em></p> <p>This dataset is the product of data complilation for the article <strong>Exposure and sensitivity of terrestrial vertebrates to biological invasions worldwide</strong>. It comprises, at a global scale for 110km grid cells:</p> <ul> <li>the exposure to the threat of biological invasions for 304 invasive alien species (3 exposure metrics with 3 alternative normalization methods)</li> <li>the sensitivity of birds, mammals, and reptiles to this threat (1 sensitivity metric with 3 alternative normalization methods)</li> <li>the data completeness associated with exposure and sensitivity, calculated with 2 components for each metric</li> </ul> <p>All the column details are provided in the "Metadata" sheet of each excel file. We also provide the shapefile of land cell units to allow for a full reproduction of the analyses and the maps.</p> <p>Additionally, we provide the sources to access the raw data used to derive the metrics for invasive alien species. </p> </div>
Data: Responsiveness and habituation to repeated sound exposures and pulse trains in blue mussels
<p>Data abstract:</p> <p>Time series data on the valve gape behaviour of blue mussels (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) that were exposured to sound treatments. Here, we provide the valve gape (time series data expressed in proportion open) of all mussels over the course of their trial and the timing of the sound exposures.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Anthropogenic sound has been shown to affect marine animals across taxa. However, bivalves and other invertebrates received limited attention and most studies across taxa focussed on immediate, rather than long-term, effects of sound. Most bivalves adopt a sessile or sedentary lifestyle and are therefore expected to be exposed to the same sounds for long periods or repeatedly. For this reason, bivalves are an especially relevant taxonomic group to study long-term effects of sound. In the current study, we examined whether blue mussels (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) habituate to repeated sound exposures and whether they recover quicker from a single pulse exposure than from a pulse train. We equipped individual mussels with sensors to monitor valve gape and exposed them to repeated sound playback. We found that mussels responded to sound by partially closing their valves. This response was consistent and repeatable, but decayed over sequential exposures to the same sound stimulus, and was stronger again with exposure to a different sound. This pattern is clear evidence for acoustic habituation in a bivalve. Additionally, we found no differences in the initial response and recovery (time to return to baseline levels) between mussels that were exposed to single pulses and pulse trains. Our results therefore show that mussels are able to habituate to sound and suggest that mussels mostly respond to the onset of a pulse train. Future research is needed to determine whether mussels also habituate in situ to actual anthropogenic sound and whether a lack of a behavioural response also implies that other negative effects are also absent.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper reference:</p> <p>Hubert, J., Booms, E., Witbaard, R., Slabbekoorn, H. (2022). Responsiveness and habituation to repeated sound exposures and pulse trains in blue mussels. <em>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</em>. 547, 151668. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151668</p>
Supplemental Data for "Embryonic Exposure to Tryptophan Yields Bullying Victimization via Reprogramming the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in a Chicken Model"
<p>This is data set associated with an article "Embryonic Exposure to Tryptophan Yields Bullying Victimization via Reprogramming the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in a Chicken Model" by Xiaohong Huang, Jiaying Hu, Haining Peng, and Heng-wei Cheng, including Supplemental Table S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6.</p>
Data: Interactive effects of drought and edge exposure on old-growth forest understory species
<p><span>Context: Both climatic extremes and land-use change constitute severe threats to biodiversity, but their interactive effects remain poorly understood. In forest ecosystems, the effects of climatic extremes can be exacerbated at forest edges. </span></p> <p><span>Objectives: We explore the hypothesis that an extreme summer drought reduced the richness and coverage of old-growth forest species, particularly in forest patches with high edge exposure. </span></p> <p><span>Methods: Using a high-resolution spatially explicit precipitation dataset, we could detect variability in drought intensity during the summer drought of 2018. We selected 60 old-growth boreal forest patches in central Sweden that differed in their level of drought intensity and amount of edge exposure. The year after the drought, we surveyed red-listed and old-growth forest indicator species of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes. We assessed if species richness, composition, and coverage were related to drought intensity, edge exposure, and their interaction.</span></p> <p><span>Results: Species richness was negatively related to drought intensity in forest patches with a high edge exposure, but not in patches with less edge exposure. Patterns differed among organism groups and were strongest for cyanolichens, epiphytes associated with high-pH bark, and species occurring on convex substrates such as trees and logs.</span></p> <p><span>Conclusions: Our results show that the effects of an extreme climatic event on forest species can vary strongly across a landscape. Edge exposed old-growth forest patches are more at risk under extreme climatic events than those in continuous forests. This suggest that maintaining buffer zones around forest patches with high conservation values should be an important conservation measure. </span></p>
Supplemental data and code for Climate change will amplify the inequitable exposure to compound heatwave and ozone pollution
<p>Supplemental data and code for Climate change will amplify the inequitable exposure to compound heatwave and ozone pollution</p>
Data from: Oral exposure to benzalkonium chlorides in male and female mice reveals sex-dependent alteration of the gut microbiome and bile acid profile
<p>Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are commonly used disinfectants in a variety of consumer and food-processing settings, and the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased usage of BACs. The prevalence of BACs raises the concern that BAC exposure could disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus interfering with the beneficial functions of the microbes. We hypothesize that BAC exposure can alter the gut microbiome diversity and composition, which will disrupt bile acid homeostasis along the gut-liver axis. In this study, male and female mice were exposed orally to d<sub>7</sub>-C12- and d<sub>7</sub>-C16-BACs at 120 µg/g/day for one week. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of liver, blood, and fecal samples of BAC-treated mice demonstrated the absorption and metabolism of BACs. Both parent BACs and their metabolites were detected in all exposed samples. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on the bacterial DNA isolated from the cecum intestinal content. For female mice, and to a lesser extent in males, we found that treatment with either d<sub>7</sub>-C12- or d<sub>7</sub>-C16-BAC led to decreased alpha diversity and differential composition of gut bacteria with notably decreased actinobacteria phylum. Lastly, through a targeted bile acid quantitation analysis, we observed decreases in secondary bile acids in BAC-treated mice, which was more pronounced in the female mice. This finding is supported by decreases in bacteria known to metabolize primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as the families of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Together, these data signify the potential impact of BACs on human health through disturbance of the gut microbiome and gut-liver interactions.</p>
Data from: Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide exposure, food acquisition and diversity
<p>Pollinators are essential for maintaining sustainable crop production, while the decline of pollinators is a widespread concern. Agricultural intensification is one of the primary drivers of the decline of insect pollinators. Agricultural intensification usually involves a decreasing of non-crop semi-natural habitat and an increasing of pesticide exposure for pollinators. However, causal links between agricultural intensification, increased pesticide exposure, and reduced pollinator's food sources and pollinator diversity remain underexplored.</p> <p>We assessed pollinator diversity across a landscape gradient where the proportion of rice ranged from 11% to 85% in South China. We placed honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) and mason bee (<em>Osmia excavata</em>) in these landscapes and investigated pesticide exposure in honeybee foragers and pollen, and in mason bee pollen and nesting materials. We also assessed the acquisition of food by mason bees.</p> <p>We found a higher frequency of pesticide detection in honeybee foragers and honeybee pollen samples in areas with a higher proportion of rice fields. There was a strong positive relationship between mason bee food acquisition and the proportion of semi-natural habitats, while no significant effects of pesticide exposure on pollinator diversity were found in addition to the effect of semi-natural habitat.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results suggest that pollinator communities could be at an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to intensified agriculture, while the negative impact on pollinator diversity mainly results from the loss of habitat and/or reduced food sources. This study highlights the importance of conserving semi-natural habitat to mitigate the causes of decline in pollinator diversity. We also recommend long-term, multi-year studies to further understand the mechanisms behind the loss of pollinators in farming landscapes.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.