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91 results for “Extreme environments”
Data from: High levels of interspecific gene flow in an endemic cichlid fish adaptive radiation from an extreme lake environment
Studying recent adaptive radiations in isolated insular systems avoids complicating causal events and thus may offer clearer insight into mechanisms generating biological diversity. Here, we investigate evolutionary relationships and genomic differentiation within the recent radiation of Alcolapia cichlid fish that exhibit extensive phenotypic diversification, and which are confined to the extreme soda lakes Magadi and Natron in East Africa. We generated an extensive RAD data set of 96 individuals from multiple sampling sites and found evidence for genetic admixture between species within Lake Natron, with the highest levels of admixture between sympatric populations of the most recently diverged species. Despite considerable environmental separation, populations within Lake Natron do not exhibit isolation by distance, indicating panmixia within the lake, although individuals within lineages clustered by population in phylogenomic analysis. Our results indicate exceptionally low genetic differentiation across the radiation despite considerable phenotypic trophic variation, supporting previous findings from smaller data sets; however, with the increased power of densely sampled SNPs, we identify genomic peaks of differentiation (FST outliers) between Alcolapia species. While evidence of ongoing gene flow and interspecies hybridization in certain populations suggests that Alcolapia species are incompletely reproductively isolated, the identification of outlier SNPs under diversifying selection indicates the radiation is undergoing adaptive divergence.
Data from: Genetic differentiation and selection against migrants in evolutionarily replicated extreme environments
We investigated mechanisms of reproductive isolation in livebearing fishes (genus Poecilia) inhabiting sulfidic and nonsulfidic habitats in three replicate river drainages. Although sulfide spring fish convergently evolved divergent phenotypes, it was unclear if mechanisms of reproductive isolation also evolved convergently. Using microsatellites, we found strongly reduced gene flow between adjacent populations from different habitat types, suggesting that local adaptation to sulfidic habitats repeatedly caused the emergence of reproductive isolation. Reciprocal translocation experiments indicate strong selection against immigrants into sulfidic waters, but also variation among drainages in the strength of selection against immigrants into nonsulfidic waters. Mate choice experiments revealed the evolution of assortative mating preferences in females from nonsulfidic but not from sulfidic habitats. The inferred strength of sexual selection against immigrants (RIs) was negatively correlated with the strength of natural selection (RIm), a pattern that could be attributed to reinforcement, whereby natural selection strengthens behavioral isolation due to reduced hybrid fitness. Overall, reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation appear to be replicated and direct consequences of local adaptation to sulfide spring environments, but the relative contributions of different mechanisms of reproductive isolation vary across these evolutionarily independent replicates, highlighting both convergent and nonconvergent evolutionary trajectories of populations in each drainage.
Supplementary material 1 from: Palchetti MV, Cantero JJ, Morales-Fierro V, Barboza GE, Moreira-Muñoz A (2021) Living in extreme environments: distribution of Lycium humile (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America. PhytoKeys 185: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71377
Occurences of Lycium humile in South America
Figure 4 from: Palchetti MV, Cantero JJ, Morales-Fierro V, Barboza GE, Moreira-Muñoz A (2021) Living in extreme environments: distribution of Lycium humile (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America. PhytoKeys 185: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71377
Figure 4 Saline environments of the Altiplano-Puna region (South America) in which Lycium humile grows A Salar del Hombre Muerto (Catamarca, Argentina) B Los Colorados (Salta, Argentina) C Salar de Uyuni (Potosí, Bolivia).
Figure 2 from: Palchetti MV, Cantero JJ, Morales-Fierro V, Barboza GE, Moreira-Muñoz A (2021) Living in extreme environments: distribution of Lycium humile (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America. PhytoKeys 185: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71377
Figure 2 Lectotype of Lycium humile Phil. (SGO 055683). Digital image by courtesy of the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural.
Behavioural repertoire of high-shore littorinid snails reveals novel adaptations to an extreme environment
<p>Species that inhabit high-shore environments on rocky shores survive prolonged periods of emersion and thermal stress. Using two Hong Kong high-shore littorinids (<em>Echinolittorina malaccana </em>and <em>E. radiata</em>) as models, we examined their behavioural repertoire to survive these variable and extreme conditions. Environmental temperatures ranged from 4 ℃ in the cool season to 55.5 ℃ in the hot season, with strong seasonal and daily fluctuations. In the hot season, both species allocated >35 % of their activity budgets to stress-mitigating thermoregulatory behaviours (e.g. standing, towering) and relatively small proportions to foraging (<20%) and reproduction (<10%). In the assumedly benign cool season, greater proportions (>70%) of activity budgets were allocated to stress mitigation behaviours (crevice occupation, aggregation formation). Both species exhibited multifunctional behaviours that optimised time use during their tidally-constrained activity window in the hot season. Females mated while foraging when awash by the rising tide, and some males crawled on top of females prior to ceasing movement to form 'towers', which have both thermoregulatory benefits and reduce searching time for mates during subsequent activity. The function of such behaviours varies in a state-dependent manner, for example, the function of trail following changes over an activity cycle from mate searching on rising tides, to stress mitigation on falling tides (aiding aggregation formation), and to both functions through tower formation just before movement stops. Many of these behavioural responses are, therefore, multifunctional and can vary according to local conditions, allowing snails in this family to successfully colonize the extreme high-shore environment.</p>
Figure 2 in Life in the extreme environment: Structure and species richness of bird assemblages on Yuzhny Island of Novaya Zemlya, Russia
Figure 2. Structure of bird assemblages on Yuzhny Island of Novaya Zemlya. (A) Cluster analysis of bird assemblages. Ward's classification approach was applied to a Euclidean distance matrix, which was calculated based on bird species abundances (categorical estimations by using a five-point logarithmic scale). (B)-(C) Histograms of the distribution of bird ecological groups (number of species in each group) over the range of habitats (B) and over relative occurrence of each species through habitats (C).
Figure 1 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group
Figure 1. Map of the localities with extreme habitats on Flores and Kanawa islands (Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia), from which available museum lots were sampled: Sano Nggoang Lake (1); coastal marsh near Labuan Bajo on Flores Island (2); and Kanawa Island (3).
Figure 9 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group
Figure 9. Pantala flavescens from Flores and Kanawa islands, Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia: (A) male from dry seasonal marsh site on Kanawa Island near the western edge of Flores Island (RMBH: dried specimen; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) its anal appendages (lateral view); (C) male from coastal marsh near Labuan Bajo on Flores Island (RMBH: dried specimen; scale bar = 5 mm); and (D) its anal appendages (lateral view).
Energy Balance in Extreme Environments: Finding the EI Limit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05773469. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Population transcriptomes reveal synergistic responses of DNA polymorphism and RNA expression to extreme environments on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in a predatory bird
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Data from: Genetic differentiation and selection against migrants in evolutionarily replicated extreme environments
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Behavioural repertoire of high-shore littorinid snails reveals novel adaptations to an extreme environment
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Data from: High levels of interspecific gene flow in an endemic cichlid fish adaptive radiation from an extreme lake environment
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Genomic and physiological resilience in extreme environments are associated with a secure attachment style
GEO Series GSE149321. Homo sapiens. 49 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Figure 3 from: Palchetti MV, Cantero JJ, Morales-Fierro V, Barboza GE, Moreira-Muñoz A (2021) Living in extreme environments: distribution of Lycium humile (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America. PhytoKeys 185: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71377
Figure 3 Distribution map of Lycium humile (light-blue circles) in the Altiplano-Puna region.
Figure 1 from: Palchetti MV, Cantero JJ, Morales-Fierro V, Barboza GE, Moreira-Muñoz A (2021) Living in extreme environments: distribution of Lycium humile (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America. PhytoKeys 185: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71377
Figure 1 Lycium humileA overview of a plant in its habitat B flower C fruits D plant architecture.
Figure 4 from: Selbmann L, Onofri S, Zucconi L, Isola D, Rottigni M, Ghiglione C, Piazza P, Alvaro MC, Schiaparelli S (2015) Distributional records of Antarctic fungi based on strains preserved in the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments (CCFEE) Mycological Section associated with the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA). MycoKeys 9: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.10.5343
Figure 4 - Taxonomic coverage (percentage per Genus) of MNA Fungi Collection.
Figure 2b from: Selbmann L, Onofri S, Zucconi L, Isola D, Rottigni M, Ghiglione C, Piazza P, Alvaro MC, Schiaparelli S (2015) Distributional records of Antarctic fungi based on strains preserved in the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments (CCFEE) Mycological Section associated with the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA). MycoKeys 9: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.10.5343
Figure 2b - Map of sampling stations. Zoom for the Antarctic Peninsula area.
Figure 3 from: Selbmann L, Onofri S, Zucconi L, Isola D, Rottigni M, Ghiglione C, Piazza P, Alvaro MC, Schiaparelli S (2015) Distributional records of Antarctic fungi based on strains preserved in the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments (CCFEE) Mycological Section associated with the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA). MycoKeys 9: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.10.5343
Figure 3 - Taxonomic coverage (percentage per Division) of MNA Fungi Collection
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.