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211 results for “Feeding habits”
Fig. 4 in Temporal and ontogenetic variations in feeding habits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic rainforest streams, southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Monthly variation of the rainfall (mm) in the sample period provided by the Center of Environmental Resources Information and Hydrometeorology of Santa Catarina (Ciram- Epagri).
Fig. 4 in Feeding habits of Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes: Gasteropelecidae) in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil
Fig. 4. Principal Components Analysis plot, based on the volumetric proportions of food items consumed by individuals of Thoracocharax stellatus in the upper rio Tocantins.
Fig. 1 in Feeding habits of Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes: Gasteropelecidae) in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the study area, in the upper Rio Tocantins, where the Serra da Mesa Hydroelectric Dam was installed – Estado de Goiás, central Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Feeding habits of Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes: Gasteropelecidae) in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil
Fig. 3. Representation of the alimentary index (IAi), associating relative frequency (FO%), and relative volume (VO%) of the main items in the diet of Thoracocharax stellatus of the upper rio Tocantins.
Fig. 2 in Feeding habits of Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes: Gasteropelecidae) in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil
Fig. 2. Voucher specimen of Thoracocharax stellatus (5.54 cm in standard length) from the upper rio Tocantins (MNRJ 17659).
Data from: Feeding habits of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from Germany and palaeoecological implications for archosaurs
<p>Bite traces on fossil bones are key to deciphering feeding ecology and trophic interactions of vertebrate past ecosystems. However, similarities between traces produced by different carnivorous taxa with similar dentitions and misidentifications due to equifinality hinder confident identifications of the bite makers. Here, we correlate bite traces with macroscopic wear and microanatomy of the teeth of the pseudosuchian archosaur <i>Batrachotomus kupferzellensis</i> from the Triassic Lower Keuper fossil lagerstätten (southern Germany), untangling its feeding habits and shedding light on the bite traces generated by ziphodont teeth (teeth with serrated carinae). Individually, bite traces reflect tooth morphology, whereas composite bite traces and their frequency are related to feeding behaviour and explain tooth macroscopic wear and microanatomy. Therefore the identification of the bite maker is possible by analysing composite bite traces, their location on bones, and their relative abundance. In addition, tooth macroscopic wear and microanatomy are proven as independent lines of evidence of feeding ecology. Comparing bite traces on fossil and present-day bone assemblages, we observe that bone modifications by the crocodylomorph lineage (from Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs to extinct and extant crocodylians) are strikingly similar, including taxa with and without ziphodont teeth. Such a set of features differs from bone modification assemblages produced by taxa with similar ziphodont teeth outside the pseudosuchian lineage (such as theropod dinosaurs and the Komodo monitor), suggesting a phylogenetic signal in feeding ecology among saurian reptiles. --</p>
Feeding habits influence species habitat associations at the landscape scale in a diverse clade of Neotropical fishes
<p><strong>Aim.</strong> A primary goal of community ecology is to understand the mechanisms that drive species' spatial distribution and habitat associations. Species' geographic distribution can be influenced by the distribution of their prey partly because consumers' behavior is oriented to optimal energy use during foraging. We analyzed how differences in dietary preferences influence the spatial distribution and habitat associations of species at the landscape scale. We hypothesized that differences in feeding guilds will lead to divergent habitat association patterns among species.</p> <p><strong>Location.</strong> Amazon River drainage basin. </p> <p><strong>Taxon.</strong> Characiform fishes in the family Serrasalmidae (piranhas and pacus). </p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> We used diet data to classify species into feeding guilds (frugivores, herbivores, piscivores, fin and scale feeders, and planktivores). We used three proxies of habitat association derived from satellite products: floodplain extent, landscape heterogeneity, and flood duration, in three distance buffers. We implemented Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares models to evaluate the relationship between habitat association and feeding guilds.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> Frugivores, piscivores, and fin and scale feeders presented similar patterns of habitat associations, with frugivores occupying wider areas of floodplain and greater landscape heterogeneity. Herbivores and planktivores were associated with smaller floodplain extents and lower landscape heterogeneity. All feeding guilds were associated with similar levels of flood duration.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions.</strong> Differences in resource distribution (assessed through feeding guilds) can influence habitat association. Considering the hydrological variability (i.e., floodplain extent) and landscape heterogeneity that characterize floodplains, the patterns of habitat association vary with the spatial scale considered. This work highlights the importance of understanding species habitat associations by fish as well as food resource dynamics and floodplain dependence. This realization is critical for assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on freshwater ecosystems.</p>
Figure 1 in Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)
Figure 1. Study area map showing the stretch of Padma River covered during the sampling of R. rita.
Figure 2 in Feeding habit of Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in upper parts of river Swat, Pakistan
Figure 2. Month wise number of stomach and empty stomachs.
Figure 4 in Feeding habit of Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in upper parts of river Swat, Pakistan
Figure 4. Full gut weight and gut contents among various length groups.
Figure 4 in Feeding habits and diet overlap of juveniles of 2 sparids, Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792) and Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), from the North Aegean Sea of Turkey
Figure 4. Seasonal feeding habits of juvenile D. puntazzo (IRI: index of relative importance).
Figure 1 in Feeding habits and diet overlap of juveniles of 2 sparids, Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792) and Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), from the North Aegean Sea of Turkey
Figure 1. Sampling stations (1: Abide, 2: Güzelyalı, 3: Kerevizdere).
Data from: Feeding habits of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from Germany and palaeoecological implications for archosaurs
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Feeding habits influence species habitat associations at the landscape scale in a diverse clade of Neotropical fishes
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Data from: Does rapid glacial recession affect feeding habits of alpine stream insects?
<p>1. Glacial retreat, accompanied by shifts in riparian vegetation and glacier meltwater inputs, alters the energy supply and trophic structure of alpine stream food webs. Our goal in this study was to enhance understanding of dietary niches of macroinvertebrates inhabiting different alpine streams with contrasting glacial and non-glacial (groundwater, precipitation, snowmelt) water inputs in conjunction with seasonal and habitat-specific variation in basal resource availability. </p> <p>2. We measured a range of stream physico-chemical attributes as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N) of macroinvertebrates and primary food sources at seven sites across seasons within a Swiss glaciated catchment (Val Roseg) undergoing rapid glacial retreat (1-2 km between years 1997–2014). Sampling sites corresponded to streams used in a previous (1997/1998) study within the same alpine catchment.</p> <p>3. Physico-chemical attributes showed wide variation in environmental conditions across streams and seasons. Significant correlation among physico-chemical proxies of glacier meltwater (P-PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, TIC, conductivity, turbidity) and macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N and SEA<sub>c</sub> (a proxy for feeding niche width) values showed that the extent of glacial water input shapes the energy base among alpine streams. Feeding niche differences among common alpine stream insect taxa (Chironomidae, Baetidae, Heptageniidae) were not significant, indicating that these organisms likely are plastic in feeding behaviour, opportunistically relying on food resources available in a particular stream and season.</p> <p>4. Seasonal trends in macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C largely followed patterns in periphyton δ<sup>13</sup>C values, indicating that autochthonous resources were the main consumer energy source within the stream network, as shown previously. The overall range in macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C (-33.5 to -18.4 ‰) and δ<sup>15</sup>N (-6.9 to 6.7 ‰) values also corresponded to values measured in the previous study, suggesting that macroinvertebrates altered diets in line with changes in environmental conditions and food resources during a period of rapid glacial retreat. Our results suggest that environmental changes brought on by rapid glacial retreat have not yet caused a profound change in the trophic structure within these fluvial networks.</p>
Data from: Isotopic turnover rates and diet-tissue discrimination depend on feeding habits of freshwater snails
Estimates of animal diets and trophic structure using stable isotope analysis are strongly affected by diet-tissue discrimination and tissue turnover rates, yet these factors are often unknown for consumers because they must be measured using controlled-feeding studies. Furthermore, these parameters may be influenced by diet quality, growth, and other factors. We measured the effect of dietary protein content on diet-tissue discrimination and tissue turnover in three freshwater snail species. We fed lettuce to individually housed snails (n = 450 per species) for ten weeks, then half were switched to a high-protein diet. Isotopic values of muscle and gonad tissue were assessed at 48 and 80 days post-diet change. Snail discrimination factors varied by diet (low-protein > high-protein) and usually differed among species for both N and C, although species had similar carbon discrimination when fed the low-protein diet. Carbon turnover rates were similar among species for a given tissue type, but nitrogen turnover varied more among species. In addition, diet affected growth of species differently; some species grew larger on high-protein (H. trivolvis) while others grew larger on low-protein diet (Lymnaea spp.). These differences among species in growth influenced turnover rates, which were faster in the species with the highest growth rate following the diet switch from low to high-protein. Thus, growth is one of the main processes that affects tissue turnover, but growth and feeding preference did not affect diet-tissue discrimination, which was greater on low-protein than high-protein diets for all species regardless of growth performance. These results suggest that diet might influence two key parameters of stable isotope analysis differently.
FIGURE 2. Liaghinella andina. A in Description of a new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Colombian Andes, with notes on its feeding habits and conservation status
FIGURE 2. Liaghinella andina. A. Head and thorax, dorsolateral view. B. Head, lateral view. C. Left fore leg, medial view. D. Detail of armature of profemur, anteroventral series and posteroventral series. Arrows indicate generic characters.
FIGURE 3. Liaghinella andina, male genitalia. A in Description of a new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Colombian Andes, with notes on its feeding habits and conservation status
FIGURE 3. Liaghinella andina, male genitalia. A. Pygophore, lateral view in situ. B. Detail of pygophore, lateral view. C. Apical part of tergite VII, dorsal view. D. Pygophore, dorsal view. E. Pygophore, posterior view. F. Sternite VIII, ventral and lateral views. G. Left paramere, apical, medial, and posterior views. H. Phallus (not everted), lateral view, with inset details of distal and lateral views of phallotheca and endosomal process, respectively.
FIGURE 1. Liaghinella andina. A, C in Description of a new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Colombian Andes, with notes on its feeding habits and conservation status
FIGURE 1. Liaghinella andina. A, C. male holotype, dorsal and lateral views respectively. B, D. female paratype, dorsal and lateral views respectively.
FIGURE 6. A in Description of a new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Colombian Andes, with notes on its feeding habits and conservation status
FIGURE 6. A. La Vieja creek viewed from urban area of Bogotá. B. Subparamo vegetation in upper creek La Vieja, near 3000 m.a.s.l. [photo D. Knapp]. C. Area of La Vieja creek where specimens of Liaghinella andina were found. Some C. lanata and B. frutescens trees can be seen in the foreground; Eucalyptus sp. can be seen in the background. See text for details.
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