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Fig. 3. 3D in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3. 3D reconktruction of propleuron of Formica rufa. ′A) Mekokoma, kide view. ′B) Sagittal view. ′;) Lateral view. ′D) Dorkal view, anterior to t̍e top. ′E) Ventral view, anterior to t̍e top.

Fig. 6 in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Selection of mekokomal mukclek of Formica rufa, kagittal view, anterior to t̍e left. ′A) T̍e kimplified diagram of kceletomukcular kyktem redrawn from t̍e worc of Marcl ′1966: Fig. 20). ′B) T̍e 3D reconktruction of t̍e mekokomal mukclek.

Fig. 5. 3D in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. 3D reconktruction of meko- and metafurcae of Formica rufa. ′A) Mekofurca, anterior view. ′B) Mekofurca, kide view, anterior to t̍e left. ′;) Mekofurca, dorkal view, anterior to t̍e left. ′D) Metafurca, anterior view. ′E) Metafurca, kide view, anterior to t̍e left. ′F) Metafurca, dorkal view, anterior to t̍e left.

Fig. 2 in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. SEM imagek of mekokomal exokceletal elementk of Formica polyctena. ′A) Prot̍ orax, lateral view. ′B) Mekokoma excluding prot̍orax, lateral view. ′;) Notum, dorkal view. ′D) Mekokoma excluding pro-/mekot̍orax and petiole, dorkal view. ′E) Prot̍orax, ventral view. ′F) Pterot̍orax, ventral view.;x1/2/3— pro-/meko-/metacoxa; Pl1/3—pro-/metapleuron; IT—propodeum; N1/2/3—pro-/meko-/metanotum; Ikp—propodeal kpiracle; Pl3G—metapleural gland opening; kp2/3—meko-/metat̍ oracic kpiracle; a—mekometapleural kuture; b—bulla of mekocoxal foramen; pL—pronotal lobe.

Fig. 4. 3D in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4. 3D reconktruction of profurca of Formica rufa. ′A) Ventral view, anterior to t̍e top. ′B) Side view, anterior to t̍e left. ′;) Anterolateral view, anterior to t̍e left. ′D) Pokterior view. ′E) Lateral view, anterior to t̍e left. ′F) Pokteroventral view.

Fig. 1 in The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma of Formica rufa Workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. SEM imagek of mekokomal exokceletal elementk of Formica polyctena. ′A) Mekokoma, lateral pokterodorkal oblique view. ′B) Metat̍ oracic kpiracle. ′;) Propodeal kpiracle. ′D) Metapleural gland opening. ′E) Metanotum, dorkal view.;x1/2/3—pro-/meko-/metacoxa; Pl1/2/3—pro-meko-/metapleuron; IT— propodeum; N1/2/3—pro-/meko-/metanotum; Ikp—propodeal kpiracle; Pl3G—metapleural gland opening; kp2/3—meko-/metat̍oracic kpiracle; pL—pronotal lobe.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests

Fig. 3. Dynamics of changes in total volume (3, A) and number of anthills (3, B) in nest complexes by year of observation. 2017 is not included in the graphs due to the low number of nest complexes observed in that year.

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The skeletomuscular system of the mesosoma of Formica rufa workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

<p>The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants, and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and we have little understanding of important variation across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant <i>Formica rufa</i> Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish 3D atlas of ant anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a "generalized" ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.</p>

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Figures 38-47 from: Staniec B, Zagaja M, Pietrykowska-Tudruj E, Wagner GK (2018) Comparative larval ultramorphology of some myrmecophilous Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with a first description of the larvae of Amidobia talpa (Heer O, 1841) and Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim C.G., 1830), associated with the Formica rufa species group. ZooKeys 808: 93-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29818

Figures 38-47 A.talpa (38, 40, 42, 42a, b, 44, 44a), O.haemorrhoa (39, 41, 43, 43a, 45, 46, 47, 47a), mature larva. 38, 39 hypopharynx 40, 41 labium 42, 43 prementum with labial palp, apex of ligula (42a) and labial palp (42b, 43a), 44, 45 legs and tarsungulus (44a), 46 pre- and mesosternum 47 anterior portion of presternum and microstructure (47a). Abbreviations: 1, 2, 3, 4, setae of mesosternum; 1, 2, setae of tarsungulus; Ad, anterodorsal setae; Al, anterolateral setae; Av, anteroventral setae; Cx, coxa; D, dorsal setae; Eu, eusternum; Fe, femur; Hp, hypopharynx; Lg, ligula; Lp, labial palp; Ls, laterosternum; Ma, mala; Mes, mesosternum; Mnt, mentum; Pd, posterodorsal setae; Pl, posterolateral; Pmnt, prementum; Pr, prosternum; Prehy, prehypopleuron; Prs, presternum; Smt, submentum; Sp, spiracle; St, sternellum; Tb, tibia; Tr, trochanter; Ts, tarsungulus; V, ventral setae.

Figures 48-56 from: Staniec B, Zagaja M, Pietrykowska-Tudruj E, Wagner GK (2018) Comparative larval ultramorphology of some myrmecophilous Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with a first description of the larvae of Amidobia talpa (Heer O, 1841) and Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim C.G., 1830), associated with the Formica rufa species group. ZooKeys 808: 93-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29818

Figures 48-56 A.talpa (48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 53a, b, 55), O.haemorrhoa (51, 54, 54a, b, 56), mature larva. Thoracal (48) and abdominal segment I–II (49), VIII (52), VIII–X (53, 54) and urogomphus (55, 56) in lateral aspect. Abbreviations: 1, 2, article of urogomphi; VII – X, abdominal segments; A, anterior setae; Ah, anal hooks; Asp, atrophied spiracles; C, campaniform sensilla; Cx, coxa; D, Da-c, discal setae; L, lateral setae; Msn, mesonotum; Mtn, metanotum; Op, opening of gland reservoir; P, posterior setae; Pg, pretergal gland; Pnt, pronotum; Ps, presternal sensilla; R, gland reservoir; Sp, spiracle; Ste, sternite; Te, tergite; Ug, urogomphus.

Figures 22-37 from: Staniec B, Zagaja M, Pietrykowska-Tudruj E, Wagner GK (2018) Comparative larval ultramorphology of some myrmecophilous Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with a first description of the larvae of Amidobia talpa (Heer O, 1841) and Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim C.G., 1830), associated with the Formica rufa species group. ZooKeys 808: 93-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29818

Figures 22-37 A.talpa (22, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 36), O.haemorrhoa (23, 25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37), mature larva 22, 23 labrum 24, 25 epipharynx 26–29 left (L) and right (R) mandible, in dorsal aspect; 30–33 anterior region of left (L) and right (R) mandible, in dorsal aspect 34, 35 right maxilla in ventral aspect 36, 37 right mala in ventral aspect. Abbreviations: I-III, articles of maxillary palp; 1, 2, mandibular setae; Ad, additional setae; Cp, cuticular processes; Cdo, cardo; La, labral anterior setae; Ld, labral dorsal setae; Lm, labral marginal setae; Mi, microtrichia; Ma, mala; Pf, palpifer; Pm, maxillary palp; Stp, stipes.

Figures 1-11 from: Staniec B, Zagaja M, Pietrykowska-Tudruj E, Wagner GK (2018) Comparative larval ultramorphology of some myrmecophilous Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with a first description of the larvae of Amidobia talpa (Heer O, 1841) and Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim C.G., 1830), associated with the Formica rufa species group. ZooKeys 808: 93-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29818

Figures 1-11 A.talpa (1, 3, 5, 8, 8a, 10), O.haemorrhoa (2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11), mature larva. 1–4 habitus in dorsal (1, 2) and lateral (3, 4) aspect 5–7 abdominal setae 8–11 head in dorsal (8, 9) and lateral (10, 11) aspect. Abbreviations: I-X, abdominal segments; At, antenna; Ec, epicranial campaniform sensilla; Ed, epicranial dorsal setae; Eg, epicranial gland; El, epicranial lateral setae; Em, epicranial marginal setae; Es, epicranial suture; F, frons; Fd, frontal dorsal setae; Fl, frontal lateral setae; L, lateral setae; P, posterior setae; T, temporal setae; V, ventral setae; Vl, ventral lateral setae.

Figures 12-21 from: Staniec B, Zagaja M, Pietrykowska-Tudruj E, Wagner GK (2018) Comparative larval ultramorphology of some myrmecophilous Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with a first description of the larvae of Amidobia talpa (Heer O, 1841) and Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim C.G., 1830), associated with the Formica rufa species group. ZooKeys 808: 93-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29818

Figures 12-21 A.talpa (12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20), O.haemorrhoa (14, 16, 18, 21), mature larva. 12 head in fronatl aspect 13, 14 gular region 15, 16 functional position of mouthparts in frontal aspect 17–21 right antenna in dorsal aspect (17, 18), entire article III in anterior (19) and in ventral (20) aspect, entire article II and III in anterior aspect (21). Abbreviations: I-III, antennal articles; IIS, IIIS, solenidia of antennal article II or III; At, antenna; F, frons; Gu, gula; Hp, hypopharynx; Lp, labial palp; Lr, labrum; Ma, mala; Md, mandible; Mx, maxilla; Pm, maxillary palp; Oc, ocellus; Sa, sensory appendage; Smnt, submentum.

opennotspecifiedOct 2017View details →

Figure 4 in Biology and defensive secretion of myrmecophilous Thiasophila spp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) associated with the Formica rufa species group

Figure 4. Life cycle of T. angulata. Photo: Zagaja, M (CorelDraw/PC).

opennotspecifiedApr 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants

Fig. 1: Formica rufa, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Fig. 7 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7 – Density plots of RWA nests in a, MG, b, FB study area and c, tectonic stress directions in the study areas (yellow; © World Stress Map 2016; Heidbach et al. 2016).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 2. Fragment of a map of the nest complex of red wood ants on the territory of Kyiv and Kyiv region. Anthills are marked with yellow circles. The symbols in the circles represent the size classes of the anthills.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Figure 5 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 5. Average number of trails depending on anthill status in F. rufa (5A) and F. polyctena (5B) (single or colonial, from 2 to 51 and more anthills), Kyiv and region, Ukraine.