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Figure 4. Rhytidoponera waipiata n in Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance

Figure 4. Rhytidoponera waipiata n. sp., gyne, holotype, OU44899; (1) photomicrograph; (2) line drawing of the holotype; (3) reconstruction of forewing.

Figure 5. Rhytidoponera gibsoni n in Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance

Figure 5. Rhytidoponera gibsoni n. sp., gyne, holotype, OU44900; (1) photomicrograph; (2) line drawing.

Figure 2 in Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance

Figure 2. Illustration of the wing nomenclature used by Dlussky (2009). Wings of a gyne of Gnamptogenys europaea (Mayr, 1868), neotype SIZK, no. UA-822, late Eocene, Rovno amber. Designations: C, R, RS, M, Cu, A: longitudinal veins; 1RS, RS + M, 2M, etc.: longitudinal vein sections; r-rs, r-m, m-cu, etc.: cross-veins; 1r + 2r, rm, 3r, mcu, cua: cells.

Figure 6. Austroponera schneideri n in Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance

Figure 6. Austroponera schneideri n. sp., worker, holotype, OU44901; (1) photomicrograph; (2) line drawing.

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Figs. 24 26 in Taxonomic updates for some confusing Micronesian species of Camponotus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)

Figs. 24 26: Paratype of Camponotus micronesicus sp.n. collected with the holotype, in frontal (24), dorsal (25), and lateral (26) views.

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FIGURE 3 in New species of the fossil ant genus Drymomyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)

FIGURE 3. Line drawings of Drymomyrmex rasnitsyni sp. nov., holotype. A, Head, dorsal view. B and C, Right dorsolateral view.

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Figure 1 in First record of the ant genus Agraulomyrmex Prins, 1983 (Formicidae: Formicinae) from India, with description of a new species

Figure 1. (A-C) Agraulomyrmex damohensis sp. nov. (holotype worker). A, head in full-face view; B, body in dorsal view; C, body in profile view.

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Figure 2 in First record of the ant genus Agraulomyrmex Prins, 1983 (Formicidae: Formicinae) from India, with description of a new species

Figure 2. (A-F) Agraulomyrmex damohensis sp. nov. (holotype worker in 70% alcohol except E). A, body in dorsal view; B, body in profile view; C, head in full-face view; D, mesosoma in oblique view; E, compound eye (depicting six ommatidia along maximal diameter of eye); F, mandible teeth and six segmented maxillary palp.

Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman).

Fig. 7 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3. Summary coalescence species-tree phylogeny from ASTRAL-II analysis of 959 ultraconserved elements from Blaimer et al. (2015). Node support values are given as local posterior probabilities (LPP). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support.

Fig. 1 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses.

Fig. 5 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Results of the BioGeoBEARS and life-history trait ancestral state estimation analyses on a chronogram pruned from the analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals from the divergence dating. Coloured circles on nodes are inferred inherited biogeographic ranges, with the top half of each corresponding to the upper branch and bottom half with the lower branch; coloured circles at branch tips represent biogeographical coding for terminal; dashed lines at 60 and 30 Ma indicate the boundaries of the three BioGeoBEARS dispersal rate matrix time periods. Coloured boxes at branch tips represent presence or absence of two traits for Lasius: temporary social parasitism (black = absence, red = presence) and fungiculture (black = absence, green = presence). Stars on internal branches indicate the evolution of temporary social parasitism (red) and fungiculture (green) The figure background indicates generalized major climatological regimes during Earth's history (Royer et al., 2004; Zachos et al., 2008; Hansen et al., 2013), while the inset globes visually represent palaeoclimate and landmass configuration modified from Scotese (1998).

Fig. 9 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasiuspallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)

Fig. 8 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)

Fig. 2 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Lasiini inferred from Bayesian analysis of the Lasiini_55t data matrix. Node support valuesare reportedas Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI) versus maximum likelihood bootstrap (ML). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support from both analyses. An asterisk (*) indicates that the topology of the ML analysis diverged from the BI analysis at the given node.

Fig. 9 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 9. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Camponotini including all eight extant genera. The chronogram has been inferred using the fossilised birth–death model with 21 vetted fossil records and the constrained approach (Table 1), where we used a secondary calibration point (normal distribution, M = 51 and S = 5) for the most recent common ancestor of extant Camponotini lineages. The numbers at nodes reflect the posterior probabilities (support values). The generic images placed along the tree were taken for the specimens of the representative species collected in Klimes et al. (2015) or retrieved from AntWeb (Dinomyrmex, Opisthopsis).

Fig. 7 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 7. Distribution map of Overbeckia species records. In total, 17 records of the genus are mapped and revised to the species level of which 12 are reported here for the first time (see Results and Supplementary Table S2). Distribution by countries is coloured in pink, with the Singapore record of the types of O. subclavata scaled up to Malaysia. In Indonesia and Queensland, respectively nine and three sites are relatively nearby and hence appear clumped.

Fig. 5 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 5. Overbeckia papuana sp. nov. holotype (worker) and its lateral (a), frontal (b) and dorsal (c) views. Detail of head sculpture and shape of frontal carinae (d).

Fig. 4 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 4. Overbeckia jambiensis sp. nov. holotype (worker) and lateral (a), frontal (b) and dorsal (c) views. Detail of head sculpture and shape of frontal carinae (d). Note that the right antenna has been glued into the antennal socket.