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631 results for “Galápagos”
Figures 30–35 in Speciation in Darwin's darklings: taxonomy and evolution of Stomion beetles in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figures 30–35. Scanning electron micrographs of the head and pronotum (18¥), with inset of pronotal disc (300¥) and the elytral disc (100¥). Figs 30, 31. S. laevigatum; Figs 32, 33. S. linelli linelli; Figs 34, 35. S. linelli leleupi.
Galagete krameri Landry & Schmitz, 2008 (Autostichidae), une des espèces illustrées lors de la présentation de B. Landry sur les Géléchioïdes des Galápagos lors de la séance du 13 avril 2017 de la Société entomologique de Genève. in Société Entomologique De Genève (Seg)
Galagete krameri Landry & Schmitz, 2008 (Autostichidae), une des espèces illustrées lors de la présentation de B. Landry sur les Géléchioïdes des Galápagos lors de la séance du 13 avril 2017 de la Société entomologique de Genève.
Chromosomal inversions from an initial ecotypic divergence drive a gradual repeated radiation of Galápagos beetles
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Data from: The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches on Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
Predator-prey interactions play a key role in the evolution of species traits through antagonistic coevolutionary arms-races. The evolution of beak morphology in the Darwin's finches in response to competition for seed resources is a classic example of evolution by natural selection. The seeds of Tribulus cistoides are an important food source for the largest ground finch species (Geospiza fortis, G. magnirostris, and G. conirostris) in dry months, and the hard spiny morphology of the fruits are a potent agent of selection that drives contemporary evolutionary change in finch beak morphology. Although the effects of these interaction on finches are well known, how seed predation affects the ecology and evolution of the plants is poorly understood. Here we examine whether seed predation by Darwin's finches affects the ecology and evolution of T. cistoides. We ask whether the intensity of seed predation and the strength of natural selection by finches on fruit defense traits varies among populations, islands, years, or with varying finch community composition (i.e., the presence/absence of the largest beaked species, which feed on T. cistoides most easily). We then further test whether T. cistoides fruit defenses have diverged among islands in response to spatial variation in finch communities. We addressed these questions by examining seed predation by finches in 30 populations of T. cistoides over three years. Our study reveals three key results. First, Darwin's finches strongly influence T. cistoides seed survival, whereby seed predation varies with differences in finch community composition among islands and in response to inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation. Second, finches impose phenotypic selection on T. cistoides fruit morphology, whereby smaller and harder fruits with longer or more spines exhibited higher seed survival. Variation in finch community composition and precipitation also explains variation in phenotypic selection on fruit defense traits. Third, variation in the number of spines on fruits among islands is consistent with divergent phenotypic selection imposed by variation in finch community composition among islands. These results suggest that Darwin's finches and T. cistoides are experiencing an ongoing coevolutionary arms-race, and that the strength of this coevolution varies in space and time.
Craters of Habit: Patterns of Deformation in the Western Galápagos
<p>Datasets used in Reddin et al., Craters of Habit: Patterns of Deformation in the Western Galápagos.</p> <p>LiCSBAS output files [in .h5 format] used in this study are provided, given by 128Dcum_filt.h5 for descending, and 106Acum_filt.h5 for ascending. These files contain displacement maps for both Isabela and Fernandina, and are used to produce time series, and conduct source modelling. </p> <p>.txt files contain time series information for their corresponding volcano, with track direction included [e.g. Darwin_Asc.txt].</p> <p>Text files not beginning with Alcedo or Darwin contain time series of the 2020 eruption of Fernandina, with the location of the time series point, and corresponding track direction included in the title [e.g. NEFlank_ts_A.txt].</p>
Dataset for the PNAS paper by Bekaert et al., "High 3He/4He in central Panama reveals a distal connection to the Galápagos plume"
<p>Dataset S3: Helium and carbon isotope and concentration data for water and gas samples.</p> <p>Dataset S4: New geochemical data for La Providencia.</p> <p>Dataset S5: Geochemical data compilation for lavas of CAM.</p>
Data from: Avian disease surveillance on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos.
<p>Endemic island species face unprecedented threats, with many populations in decline or at risk of extinction. One important threat is the introduction of novel and potentially devastating diseases, made more pressing due to accelerating global connectivity, urban development, and climatic changes. In the Galápagos archipelago two important wildlife diseases: avian pox (<i>Avipoxvirus spp.</i>) and avian malaria (<i>Plasmodium spp.</i> and related Haemosporidia) challenge endemic species. San Cristóbal island has seen a paucity of disease surveillance in avian populations, despite the island's connectedness to the continent and the wider archipelago. To survey prevalence and better understand the dynamics of these two diseases on San Cristóbal, we captured 1,207 birds of 11 species on the island between 2016 and 2020. Study sites included urban and rural lowland localities as well as rural highland sites in 2019. Of 995 blood samples screened for avian haemosporidia none tested positive for infection. In contrast, evidence of past and active pox infection was observed in 97 birds and identified as strains Gal1 and Gal2. Active pox prevalence differed significantly with contemporary climatic conditions, being highest during El Niño events (~11% in 2016 and in 2019 versus <1% in the La Niña year of 2018). Pox prevalence was also higher at urban sites than rural (11% to 4%, in 2019) and prevalence varied between host species, ranging from 12% in Medium Ground Finches (<i>Geospiza fortis</i>)<i> </i>to 4% in Yellow Warblers (<i>Setophaga petechial aureola</i>). In the most common infected species (Small Ground Finch: <i>Geospiza fuliginosa</i>), birds recovered from pox had significantly longer wings, which may suggest a selective cost to infection. These results illustrate the threat future climate changes and urbanization may present in influencing disease dynamics in the Galápagos, while also highlighting unknowns regarding species-specific susceptibilities to avian pox and the transmission dynamics facilitating outbreaks within these iconic species.</p>
Fig. 7 in The Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador)
Fig. 7. Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov. A. ♀, epigyne (ventral view). B. Spermathecae (dorsal view).
Fig. 5 in The Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador)
Fig. 5. Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B-C. Epigyne. D. Spermathecae.
Datasets for "Trapdoor fault activation: a step towards caldera collapse at Sierra Negra, Galápagos, Ecuador", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
<p>The following files were used in the analysis from "Trapdoor fault activation: a step towards caldera collapse at Sierra Negra, Galápagos, Ecuador", <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</em>:</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/alos2_sm1_dsc_20180504_20180713/:</strong> Includes DEM used in processing of the ALOS-2 SM1 descending interferogram spanning 4 May 2018–13 July 2018 (dem.2alks_2rlks.crop.*); geocoded SAR offsets in pixels (range resolution=1.43 m/pixel; azimuth resolution=2.01 m/pixel; denseOffsets.bil.2alks_2rlks.geo*); geocoded SNR of SAR offsets (denseOffsets_snr.bil.2alks_2rlks.geo.*); geocoded, unwrapped interferometric phase (filt_topophase.unw.2alks_2rlks.geo.*); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.2alks_2rlks.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/alos2_sm3_asc_20180114_20180701/:</strong> Includes DEM used in processing of the ALOS-2 SM3 ascending interferogram spanning 14 January 2018–1 July 2018 (dem.crop.*); geocoded, unwrapped interferometric phase (filt_topophase.unw.geo.*); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/alos2_wd1_dsc_147_180518_180629/</strong>: Includes DEM used in processing of the ALOS-2 WD1 descending interferogram spanning 18 May 2018–29 June 2018 (crop.dem.*); geocoded, unwrapped interferometric phase (filt_180629-180518_2rlks_14alks.unw.geo.*) ; geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (180629-180518_2rlks_14alks.los.geo.*); geocoded coherence for the interferogram (180629-180518_2rlks_14alks.cor.geo.*); geocoded mask for the interferogram (filt_topophase.unw.masked.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/csk_asc_20180617_20180703/:</strong> Includes DEM used in processing of the COSMO-SkyMed ascending interferogram spanning 17 June 2018–3 July 2018 (dem.crop.*); geocoded SAR offsets in pixels (range resolution=1.54 m/pixel; azimuth resolution=2.48 m/pixel; denseOffsets.bil.geo.*); geocoded SNR of SAR offsets (denseOffsets_snr.bil.geo); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/csk_asc_20180703_20180719/</strong>: Includes DEM used in processing of the COSMO-SkyMed ascending interferogram spanning 3 July 2018–19 July 2018 (dem.crop.*); geocoded SAR offsets in pixels (range resolution=1.54 m/pixel; azimuth resolution=2.48 m/pixel; denseOffsets.bil.geo.*); geocoded SNR of SAR offsets (denseOffsets_snr.bil.geo); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/csk_dsc_20180618_20180704/:</strong> Includes DEM used in processing of the COSMO-SkyMed descending interferogram spanning 18 June 2018–4 July 2018 (dem.crop.*); geocoded SAR offsets in pixels (range resolution=1.70 m/pixel; azimuth resolution=2.45 m/pixel; denseOffsets.bil.geo.*); geocoded SNR of SAR offsets (denseOffsets_snr.bil.geo); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>alos2_csk/csk_dsc_20180704_20180720/: </strong>Includes DEM used in processing of the COSMO-SkyMed descending interferogram spanning 4 July 2018–20 July 2018 (dem.crop.*); geocoded SAR offsets in pixels (range resolution=1.70 m/pixel; azimuth resolution=2.45 m/pixel; denseOffsets.bil.geo.*); geocoded SNR of SAR offsets (denseOffsets_snr.bil.geo); geocoded incidence and heading angle for the interferogram (los.rdr.geo.*); all in ISCE format.</p> <p><strong>S1.zip</strong>: Unwrapped, geocoded interferometric phase in meters for Sentinel-1 ascending and descending interferograms, spanning time periods of interest. </p> <p><strong>S1_20180630_20180706_asc_mask_nan_ref.grd: </strong>Unwrapped, geocoded, and masked interferometric phase for Sentinel-1 ascending interferogram spanning 30 June 2018–6 July 2018.</p> <p><strong>S1_20180701_20180707_desc_mask_nan_ref.grd: </strong>Unwrapped, geocoded, and masked interferometric phase for Sentinel-1 descending interferogram spanning 1 July 2018–7 July 2018.</p> <p><strong>tandemx12m_crop.grd</strong>: TanDEM-X 12 meter DEM in meters.</p> <p><strong>pleaides_tandemx12m_diff.grd</strong>: Difference between the TanDEM-X 12 meter DEM and the Pléiades-derived DEM, computed from images on 29 October 2018 and 6 December 2019.</p> <p><strong>trapdoorFaultSlip.zip</strong>: Discretized trapdoor fault patch dip-slip modeled to fit deformation from Sentinel-1 ascending interferograms, estimated using the Classic Slip Inversion software.</p> <p><strong>trapdoorFaultTraces.zip</strong>: Caldera and trapdoor fault traces, derived from <em>Bell et al. 2021</em>.</p> <p><strong>SN14_tilt_10s_2018-19.txt</strong>: Text filt containing date-time (sampled at 10 s, in matplotlib date-time number format), N-S tilt and E-W tilt. Tilt values can be converted to microradians by multiplying by a factor of 0.00129. Tilt data obtained from authors of <em>Bell et al. 2021</em>. For use of this dataset, please cite <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4</a>.</p>
Data from: Fine-tuning the nested structure of pollination networks by adaptive interaction switching, biogeography and sampling effect in the Galápagos Islands
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Data from: Genomes of Galápagos mockingbirds reveal the impact of island size and past demography on inbreeding and genetic load in contemporary populations
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Avian disease surveillance on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos
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Data from: The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches on Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
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Plant survival data of the Galápagos special services sites restoration
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Satellite data of the 2018 Sierra Negra eruption in the Galápagos islands
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FIGURE 1 in Rotifers from inland water bodies of continental Ecuador and Galápagos Islands An updated checklist
FIGURE 1. Map of Ecuador showing number of recorded rotifer families, genera and species in each region.
The role of spines in anthropogenic seed dispersal on the Galápagos islands
<ol> <li><span>Dispersal has important ecological and evolutionary consequences for populations, but understanding the role of specific traits in dispersal can be difficult and requires careful experimentation. Moreover, understanding how humans alter dispersal is an important question, especially on oceanic islands where anthropogenic disturbance through species introductions can dramatically alter native ecosystems. </span></li> <li><span>In this study, we investigated the functional role of spines in seed dispersal of the plant caltrop (<i>Tribulus cistoides</i>L., Zygophyllaceae) by anthropogenic agents. We also tested whether anthropogenic or wildlife are more important seed dispersers of <i>T. cistoides </i>on the Galápagos. </span></li> <li><span><i>Tribulus cistoides</i>is found on tropical mainland and oceanic island habitats. The dispersal structure of <i>T. cistoides</i>is called a mericarp, and they are typically protected by one pair of upper spines and a second pair of lower spines, but the presence and size of spines varies within and between populations. On the Galápagos, the upper and lower spines protect mericarps from seed predation by Darwin's finches. We tested whether spines play a dual role in dispersal by factorially manipulating the presence/absence of the upper and lower spines to simulate the natural variation in mericarp morphology.</span></li> <li><span>The upper spines greatly facilitated seed dispersal, whereas the lower spines had no discernible effect on dispersal. The presence of upper spines increased dispersal rate on shoes by pedestrians 23-fold, on fabrics (e.g. towels) and cars by nearly 2-fold, and the presence of upper spines increased dispersal distance by cars 6-fold. When comparing dispersal rates in habitats with high (roads and foot paths) versus low (arid forest) anthropogenic activity, dispersal rates were demonstrably higher in the habitats with more human activity. </span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>These results have important implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of plant dispersal in the Anthropocene. Spines on the fruits of <i>T. cistoides</i>play important functional roles in anthropogenic dispersal, whereas native and introduced wildlife play a minor role in dispersal on inhabited islands of the Galápagos. Our results imply that seed predators and humans are jointly shaping the ecology and evolution of contemporary populations of <i>T. cistoides</i>on the Galápagos.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> </ol>
Data from: Comparative genetic structure and demographic history in endemic Galápagos weevils
The challenge of maintaining genetic diversity within populations can be exacerbated for island endemics if they display population dynamics and behavioral attributes that expose them to genetic drift without the benefits of gene-flow. We assess patterns of genetic structure and demographic history in twenty seven populations of nine species of flightless endemic Galápagos weevils from nine of the islands and one winged introduced close relative. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals significant population structure and moderately variable, though demographically stable, populations for lowland endemics (Fst= 0.094 to 0.541; π: 0.014 to 0.042; Mismatch p=0.003 to 0.026 and D (Tajima)=-0.601to1.203), in contrast to signals of past contractions and expansions in highland specialists on two islands (Mismatch p=0.003 to 0.026 and D (Tajima)=-0.601to1.203). We interpret this series of variable and highly structured population groups as a system of long-established independently founded island units, where structuring could be a signal of micro-allopatric differentiation due to patchy host plant distribution and poor dispersal abilities. We suggest that the severe reduction and subsequent increase of suitably moist habitat that accompanied past climatic variation could have contributed to the observed population fluctuations in highland specialists. We propose the future exploration of hybridization between the introduced and highland endemic species on Santa Cruz, especially given the expansion of the introduced species into the highlands, the sensitivity to past climatic variation detected in highland populations and the potentially threatened state of single-island endemics.
Data from: Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago
Remote locations, such as oceanic islands, typically harbour relatively few species, some of which go on to generate endemic radiations. Species colonising these locations tend to be a non-random subset from source communities, which is thought to reflect dispersal limitation. However, non-random colonisation could also result from habitat filtering, whereby only a few continental species can become established. We evaluate the imprints of these processes on the Galápagos flora by analysing a comprehensive regional phylogeny for ~ 39 000 species alongside information on dispersal strategies and climatic suitability. We found that habitat filtering was more important than dispersal limitation in determining species composition. This finding may help explain why adaptive radiation is common on oceanic archipelagoes – because colonising species can be relatively poor dispersers with specific niche requirements. We suggest that the standard assumption that plant communities in remote locations are primarily shaped by dispersal limitation deserves reconsideration.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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