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88 results for “Grassland Ecosystem”
Overcompensation of ecosystem productivity following sustained extreme drought in a semiarid grassland
<p>Drought events are projected to be more extreme and frequent in the future and have profound influences on the structure and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, better understanding the mechanisms of recovery is critical for predicting the future dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. We performed a seven-year field precipitation experiment to examine recovery of a grassland ecosystem from different magnitudes of sustained drought, from slight to extreme. The ecosystem was exposed to precipitation treatments in the first three years (2010-2012) and recovered during the last four years (2013-2016) without precipitation treatments. Overall, large reductions of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP, -43.3%) and perennial forb biomass (-83.1%) were observed in the 3rd year (2012) of extreme drought only. Nevertheless, ANPP fully recovered within one year after the drought treatments were terminated, and the rapid recovery was mainly due to increased soil total nitrogen and root biomass allocation after drought. Surprisingly, large increases of ANPP under the extreme drought treatment occurred during the recovery periods from 2013-2015 (+74.1, +88.5, and +119.8 g m-2 yr-1) compared to the control. The overcompensation offset the extreme drought-induced reduction of ANPP in the treatment years and was primarily ascribed to the enhanced biomass of perennial grasses. Higher resistance to drought and fast resource acquisition strategy might drive the rapid recovery and expansion of perennial grasses. Our findings revealed the rapid recovery of grasslands and the critical role of community overcompensation in maintaining grassland ecosystem function and stability under future climate change scenarios.</p>
Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
<p>Warming can decrease feeding activity of soil organisms and affect biogeochemical cycles in alpine ecosystems. Ants (<em>Formica manchu</em>) are active on their nest surface, and prefer a hot and dry environment. Therefore, warming may provide a favorable environment for their activity. We hypothesized that ants might benefit from warming and increase the robustness of ecosystem functions to warming. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of ant nests (ant nest absence vs. ant nest presence) and warming (ambient temperature, + 1.3°C and + 2.3°C) on litter decomposition, soil properties and the plant community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Decomposition stations with two mesh sizes were used to differentiate effects of microorganisms (0.05mm) and macroinvertebrate (1cm) to litter decomposition. Ant nests increased litter decomposition with and without macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station when compared to plots without ant nests. Only the litter decomposition in ant nests with macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station was not negatively affected by warming. Plots with ant nests had greater soil organic carbon, nutrient contents and plant growth than plots without ant nests, regardless of warming. Consequently, ant nests can mitigate the negative effects of warming on litter decomposition and improve ecosystem functions under warming.</p>
Data from: A survey of invasive plants on grassland soil microbial communities and ecosystem services
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Data from: Are belowground clonal traits good predictors of ecosystem functioning in temperate grasslands?
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Data from: Biological soil crusts modulate nitrogen availability in semi-arid ecosystems: insights from a Mediterranean grassland
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Grasslands enhance ecosystem service multifunctionality above and below ground in agricultural landscapes
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Data from: Effects of grasshoppers on prairies: herbivore composition matters more than richness in three grassland ecosystems
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Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
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Data from: Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks following grazing exclusion in arid and semiarid grasslands
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Using proxies of microbial community‐weighted means traits to explain the cascading effect of management intensity, soil and plant traits on ecosystem resilience in mountain grasslands
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Decreased precipitation in the late growing season weakens an ecosystem carbon sink in a semiarid grassland
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Data from: Interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on soil and ecosystem respiration in grassland ecosystems: a global synthesis
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Data from: Mowing exacerbates the loss of ecosystem stability under nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
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Overcompensation of ecosystem productivity following sustained extreme drought in a semiarid grassland
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Multiple-scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands
<div> <p><strong>Aim:</strong> Ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUEe) is a core parameter of ecosystem process models, but its relationships with climate are still uncertain, especially for ecosystems with harsh environments. High inconsistencies in climate impacts on the CUEe have been reported among various spatial scales. The goal of this study was to examine whether warming promotes or restricts the CUEe and whether the CUEe responds to a warming gradient in a linear or nonlinear manner.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Tibetan Plateau.</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000-2018.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>Alpine grassland ecosystem.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated multiple-source data of carbon fluxes and CUEe, including warming experiments at a site scale, eddy covariance observations at a landscape scale and synthesized warming experiments and ecosystem process models at a regional scale. Next, we deployed a statistical model to examine the warming impacts on the CUEe across scales; the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the CUEe and its components were summarized based on the results of Standardized Major Axis Tests and Routines, structural equation modeling and nonlinear models.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>This study reported a suppressive warming impact on the CUEe, which followed a nonlinear curve with severe inhibition in the high-level warming treatment. With a warming threshold of 1.5-2.0 °C, CUEe response patterns transitioned from no change to a significant decrease. The restriction effects can be ascribed to the joint adverse and asymmetric effects of warming on CUEe components under multiple-level warming. Warming-modified relationships among CUEe components and the nonlinear effects of biotic and abiotic factors led to the nonlinear responses of CUEe to warming.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This study revealed suppressive and nonlinear effects of warming on the CUEe, including especially dramatic CUEe decreases with high-level warming. These findings are critical for optimizing model parameters and improving predictions of the carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands.</p> </div>
Data from: Seasonality of soil moisture mediates responses of ecosystem phenology to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland
Vegetation greenness, detected using digital photography, is useful for monitoring phenology of plant growth, carbon uptake, and water loss at the ecosystem level. Assessing ecosystem phenology by greenness is especially useful in spatially extensive, water-limited ecosystems such as the grasslands of the western United States, where productivity is moisture dependent and may become increasingly vulnerable to future climate change. We used repeat photography and a novel means of quantifying greenness in digital photographs to assess how the individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 impact ecosystem phenology (greenness and plant cover) in a semi-arid grassland over an 8-year period. Climate variability within and among years was the proximate driver of ecosystem phenology. Individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 were significant at times, but mediated by variation in both intra- and inter-annual precipitation. Specifically, warming generally enhanced plant cover and greenness early in the growing season but often had a negative effect during the middle of the summer, offsetting the early season positive effects. The individual effects of elevated CO2 on plant cover and greenness were generally neutral. Opposing seasonal variations in the effects of warming and less so elevated CO2 cancelled each other out over an entire growing season, leading to no net effect of treatments on annual accumulation of greenness. The main effect of elevated CO2 dampened quickly, but warming continued to affect plant cover and plot greenness throughout the experiment. The combination of warming and elevated CO2 had a generally positive effect on greenness, especially early in the growing season and in later years of the experiment, enhanced annual greenness accumulation. However, interannual precipitation variation had larger effect on greenness, with 2-3 times greater greenness in wet years than in dry years. Synthesis. Seasonal variation in timing and amount of precipitation governs grassland phenology, greenness, and the potential for carbon uptake. Our results indicate that concurrent changes in precipitation regimes mediate vegetation responses to warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 in semi-arid grasslands. Even small changes in vegetation phenology and greenness in response to warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, such as those we report here, can have large consequences for the future of grasslands.
Data from: Spatial and successional dynamics of microbial biofilm communities in a grassland stream ecosystem
Biofilms represent a metabolically active and structurally complex component of freshwater ecosystems. Ephemeral prairie streams are hydrologically harsh and prone to frequent perturbation. Elucidating both functional and structural community changes over time within prairie streams provides a general understanding of microbial responses to environmental disturbance. We examined microbial succession of biofilm communities at three sites in a third-order stream at Konza Prairie over a 2- to 64-day period. Microbial abundance (bacterial abundance, chlorophyll a concentrations) increased and never plateaued during the experiment. Net primary productivity (net balance of oxygen consumption and production) of the developing biofilms did not differ statistically from zero until 64 days suggesting a balance of the use of autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources until late succession. Bacterial communities (MiSeq analyses of the V4 region of 16S rRNA) established quickly. Bacterial richness, diversity and evenness were high after 2 days and increased over time. Several dominant bacterial phyla (Beta-, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi) and genera (Luteolibacter, Flavobacterium, Gemmatimonas, Hydrogenophaga) differed in relative abundance over space and time. Bacterial community composition differed across both space and successional time. Pairwise comparisons of phylogenetic turnover in bacterial community composition indicated that early-stage succession (≤16 days) was driven by stochastic processes, whereas later stages were driven by deterministic selection regardless of site. Our data suggest that microbial biofilms predictably develop both functionally and structurally indicating distinct successional trajectories of bacterial communities in this ecosystem.
Supplementary material 1 from: Villoslada M, Vinogradovs I, Ruskule A, Veidemane K, Nikodemus O, Kasparinskis R, Sepp K, Gulbinas J (2018) A multitiered approach for grassland ecosystem services mapping and assessment: The Viva Grass tool. One Ecosystem 3: e25380. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e25380
Expert-based scores matrix including 30 grassland classes plus 10 arable land classes
Data from: Seasonality of soil moisture mediates responses of ecosystem phenology to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland
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Data from: Effects of plant functional group loss on soil biota and net ecosystem exchange: a plant removal experiment in the Mongolian grassland
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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