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172 results for “Hexacorallia”
FIGURE 11 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 11. Unexploded cnidae of Epizoanthus papillosus. A, p-mastigophore (large type), from mesenteric filament of freeliving colony, polyp 4S; B, p-mastigophore (small type), from mesenteric filament of carcinoecium, polyp 3L; C, holotrich (oblong shape), from mesenteric filament of free-living polyp 4L; D, holotrich (ellipsoid shape), from mesenteric filament of free-living colony, polyp 4S; E, basitrich (curved), from tentacle of free-living colony, polyp 5S; F, spirocyst from tentacle of free-living colony, polyp 3L. Polyps are identified by the number of polyps in the colony (3–5) and whether they were the largest (L) or smallest (S) polyp in a colony of 3, 4 or 5 polyps. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 9. Epizoanthus morphology. A, B in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 9. Epizoanthus morphology. A, B, Selection of largest (squares) and smallest (circles) polyps in a free-living colony and a carcinoecium, both having four polyps; scale bars = 5 mm; C–E, Transverse and longitudinal sectioning to display mesenteries for counting and for nematocyst removal; F, Determination of radius of curvature (R) in basitrichs (see text).
FIGURE 10 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 10. Relationship between number of perfect mesenteries (M) and polyp mean column diameter (D) in carcinoecia and free-living colonies of Epizoanthus papillosus. Labels indicate the number of polyps in the sampled colony. Drawn lines represent geometric mean regressions: carcincoecia M=2.26D + 7.92, r=0.84, P<0.005; free-living colonies M=2.24D + 5.63, r=0.80, P<0.01.
FIGURE 8 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 8. Depth distribution of Epizoanthus species. A, Depth range of E. papillosus samples in the Eastern and Western Atlantic (note that the first two intervals cover 150 m, the remainder 300 m). B, Depth ranges of E. papillosus (in the western Atlantic), E. paguriphilus and E. abyssorum compared by means of cumulative percentage curves (as in C, anomalous points distort the curves). C, Depth ranges of E. paguriphilus and E. abyssorum plotted against longitude (note the presence of three anomalous points in the Western Atlantic data, probably misidentifications).
FIGURE 6 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 6. Epizoanthus papillosus colonies epizoic on calcareous polychaete tubes (T) and on either gorgonian or hydroid stems; scale bar = 1 cm; eastern Atlantic, from Muirhead (1989).
FIGURE 7 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 7. The distribution of Epizoanthus species in the western (left) and eastern (right) North Atlantic ocean. Western Atlantic distributions are based on specimens in collections of the US National Museum, Washington, ⋅ E. papillosus (1880- 1914); Δ(1950-1990); insert shows area to south of Cape Cod at enlarged scale. Eastern Atlantic distributions • E. papillosus data based on surveys by UK and Spanish organisations (see text), 1996-2000. In both maps: • E. paguriphilus and • E. abyssorum compiled from collections in the (then) Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS), the USNM, and other museums. The latitudinal ranges of these two species in the Atlantic Ocean extend beyond the limits of the two maps; E. papillosus has also been recorded from around the Cape Verde islands and in the Gulf of Mexico (one record, 27.80°N, 85.00°W). Ocean depth is indicated by tone (scale to right of maps), with a conspicuous change of tone at the shelf margin. Map prepared by J Pitts, Marine Ecological Surveys Ltd (MESL); base map GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20091120, http://www.gebco.net.
FIGURE 5 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 5. Comparison of carcinoecia and free-living colonies of Epizoanthus papillosus and E. abyssorum. A, E. papillosus carcinoecia in dorsal and ventral views; B, free-living colonies of E. papillosus; both sets from the eastern Atlantic; C–D, E. abyssorum carcinoecia with pagurid; E, free-living colonies of E. abyssorum; specimens from the 'Valdivia' expedition in collections at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
FIGURE 4 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 4. The dependence of Epizoanthus papillosus on Anapagurus laevis in the North Sea (Zühlke, et al., 2001, with permission). A, In recent benthic surveys the heaviest sampling has been in the Southern Bight, where neither A. laevis nor E. papillosus occurs (effort in the sea area between the Northen Isles and Norway is not shown); B, Distribution of Pagurus bernhardus (with which E. papillosus is occasionally associated); C, Distribution of A. laevis; D, Distribution of E. papillosus. Note that neither A. laevis nor E. papillosus extends into the deep water of the Norwegian Rinne, the Skagerrak, or the shallow water (<50 m) over and south of the Dogger Bank (see Directorate of Fisheries Research (1981) for bathymetry and physical data).
FIGURE 1 in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 1. Live colonies of Epizoanthus: A–B, E. papillosus; C, E. couchii; D–H, E. minutus. A, Expanded polyps of E. papillosus carcinoecia in aquarium, western Norway, November 1959, JSR; B, Two carcinoecia of E. papillosus in aquarium, the pagurid visible on the right (source as A); C, E. couchii, southwest Britain, photo: D N Huxtable; D–E, E. minutus with expanded polyps, from Peanut Island, West Palm Beach, Florida, February 1993, JSR; F–H, E. minutus growing on glass plates, showing polyps growing without embedded sand particles, September 1993 (source as D). All photographs are scanned from 35 mm colour transparencies.
FIGURE 3. A–B in Carcinoecium-forming Epizoanthus [Hexacorallia: Zoantharia] and the biology of E. papillosus in the eastern Atlantic, with special reference to the cnidom
FIGURE 3. A–B, Growth sequence of Epizoanthus papillosus carcinoecia: eight specimens arranged with their largest polyps aligned, A, dorsal view, B, ventral view, scale bar = 1 cm. C–D, dorsal and ventral views of well-grown carcinoecium; scale bars 0.5 cm; eastern Atlantic, from Muirhead (1989).
FIGURE 3 in Three new species of shallow water, yellow zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea: Epizoanthidae) from southern California, USA, and southern Australia
FIGURE 3. Cnidae. Scale bar = 20 µm; refer to Tables 1 and 3 for occurrences and size ranges. A. Basitrich. B. Basitrich. C. Microbasic p-mastigophore. D. Microbasic b-mastigophore. E. Holotrich. F. Spirocyst. G. Holotrich.
FIGURE 2 in Three new species of shallow water, yellow zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea: Epizoanthidae) from southern California, USA, and southern Australia
FIGURE 2. Longitudinal sections through alveolar marginal sphincter muscles of new species of Epizoanthus. A. Epizoanthus giveni n. sp. Alveoli nearly circular in cross section, arrayed in single column, separate from one another, decrease in diameter proximally. B. Epizoanthus karenae n. sp. Alveoli not stratified and fill most of margin distally, transversely stratified and near endoderm proximally. C. Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. Alveoli elongate in cross section, located nearer ectoderm distally, near endoderm proximally. Scale bar = 200 µm.
FIGURE 1. A. Epizoanthus giveni n in Three new species of shallow water, yellow zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea: Epizoanthidae) from southern California, USA, and southern Australia
FIGURE 1. A. Epizoanthus giveni n. sp. in life, attached to a rock wall. Note vivid yellow color and polyps of various sizes. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. B. Epizoanthus scotinus in life. Note wider oral disc and paler column, tentacles, and oral disc as compared to E. giveni n. sp. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. C. Epizoanthus karenae n. sp. in life. Note radiating dark-orange lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. D. Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. in life. Note lack of radiating lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. Scale bars = 2 cm; scale was determined in consultation with the photographers.
Supplementary material 1 from: Kise H, Reimer JD (2016) Unexpected diversity and a new species of Epizoanthus (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) attached to eunicid worm tubes from the Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 562: 49-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6181
GenBank accession number, name and details of the sequences used in phylogenetic analyses of COI, mt 16S-rDNA and ITS-rDNA in this study :
Supplementary material 2 from: Irei Y, Sinniger F, Reimer JD (2015) Descriptions of two azooxanthellate Palythoa species (Subclass Hexacorallia, Order Zoantharia) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. ZooKeys 478: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8512
Table 2: Explanation note: Length and widths of four major cnidae types found in Palythoa mizigama sp. n. and Palythoa umbrosa sp. n.
Supplementary material 1 from: Irei Y, Sinniger F, Reimer JD (2015) Descriptions of two azooxanthellate Palythoa species (Subclass Hexacorallia, Order Zoantharia) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. ZooKeys 478: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8512
Table 1: Explanation note: List of Palythoa mizigama sp. n. and Palythoa umbrosa sp. n. specimens used in molecular analyses.
Supplementary material 4 from: Kise H, Fujii T, Masucci GD, Biondi P, Reimer JD (2017) Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006
Phylogenetic tree of ITS-rDNA : Explanation note: Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on internal transcribe spacer region of ribosomal DNA sequences. Numbers on nodes represent ML and neighbor-joining (NJ) bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). Bold branches indicate high supports of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95).
Supplementary material 2 from: Kise H, Fujii T, Masucci GD, Biondi P, Reimer JD (2017) Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006
Phylogenetic tree of COI : Explanation note: Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences. Numbers on nodes represent ML and neighbor-joining (NJ) bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). Bold branches indicate high supports of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95).
Supplementary material 3 from: Kise H, Fujii T, Masucci GD, Biondi P, Reimer JD (2017) Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006
Phylogenetic tree of 16S-rDNA : Explanation note: Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Numbers on nodes represent ML and neighbor-joining (NJ) bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). Bold branches indicate high supports of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95).
Supplementary material 1 from: Kise H, Fujii T, Masucci GD, Biondi P, Reimer JD (2017) Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006
List of GenBank accesion number : Explanation note: GenBank accession numbers, names and details of the sequences used in phylogenetic analyses of COI, 16S-rDNA and ITS-rDNA in this study. Sequences that were concatenated are indicated by bold text.
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