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99 results for “Host shift”
Data from: Rapid and repeatable shifts in life-history timing of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) following colonization of novel host plants in the Pacific Northwestern United States
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Data from: Collective defence portfolios of ant hosts shift with social parasite pressure
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Data from: Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens
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Data from: Experimental assemblage of novel plant-herbivore interactions: ecological host shifts after 40 million years of isolation
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Data from: The predictability of genomic changes underlying a recent host shift in Melissa blue butterflies
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Data from: Rapid and Repeatable Host Plant Shifts Drive Reproductive Isolation Following a Recent Human-Mediated Introduction of the Apple Maggot Fly, Rhagoletis pomonella
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Adaptation without specialization early in a host shift: fecundity data
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Data from: Use of an exotic host plant shifts immunity, chemical defense, and viral burden in wild populations of a specialist insect herbivore
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Data from: Mammal decline, linked to invasive Burmese python, shifts host use of vector mosquito towards reservoir hosts of a zoonotic disease
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Data from: Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids
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Data from: Multiple host-shifts by the emerging honeybee parasite, Varroa jacobsoni
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Data from: Shifting effects of host physiological condition following pathogen establishment
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A specialist bee and its host plants experience phenological shifts at different rates in response to climate change
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Angiosperm to Gymnosperm host-plant switch entails shifts in microbiota of the Welwitschia bug, Probergrothius angolensis (Distant, 1902)
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Data from: Phenotypic shift in Wolbachia virulence towards its native host across serial horizontal passages
Vertical transmission mode is predicted to decrease the virulence of symbionts. However, Wolbachia, a widespread vertically transmitted endosymbiont, exhibits both negative and beneficial effects on arthropod fitness. This 'Jekyll and Hyde' behaviour, as well as its ability to live transiently outside host cells and to establish new infections via horizontal transmission, may reflect the capacity of Wolbachia to exhibit various phenotypes depending on the prevailing environmental constraints. To study the ability of Wolbachia to readily cope with new constraints, we forced this endosymbiont to spread only via horizontal transmission. To achieve this, we performed serial horizontal transfers of haemolymph from Wolbachia-infected to naive individuals of the isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Across passages, we observed phenotypic changes in the symbiotic relationship: (i) The Wolbachia titre increased in both haemolymph and nerve cord but remained stable in ovaries; (ii) Wolbachia infection was benign at the beginning of the experiment, but highly virulent, killing most hosts after only a few passages. Such a phenotypic shift after recurrent horizontal passages demonstrates that Wolbachia can rapidly change its virulence when facing new environmental constraints. We thoroughly discuss the potential mechanism(s) underlying this phenotypic change, which are likely to be crucial for the ongoing radiation of Wolbachia in arthropods.
Data from: Phylogenetic Analyses of DNA and Allozyme Data Suggest that Gonioctena Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) Experienced Convergent Evolution in their History of Host-Plant Family Shifts
A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gonioctena (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) based on allozyme data (17 loci) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (three gene fragments, 1,391 sites) was performed to study the evolutionary history of host-plant shifts among these leaf beetles. This chrysomelid genus is characteristically associated with a high number of different plant families. The diverse molecular data gathered in this study are to a large extent congruent, and the analyses provide a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis to address questions about the evolution of host-plant shifts in the genus Gonioctena. The most-parsimonious reconstruction of the ancestral host-plant associations, based on the estimated phylogeny, suggests that the Fabaceae was the ancestral host-plant family of the genus. Although most of the host-plant shifts (between different host species) in Gonioctena have occurred within the same plant family or within the same plant genus, at least eight shifts have occurred between hosts belonging to distantly related and chemically dissimilar plant families. In these cases, host shifts may have been simply directed toward plant species available in the environment. Yet, given that two Gonioctena lineages have independently colonized the same three new plant families, including four of the same new genera, some constraints are likely to have limited the different possibilities of interfamilial host-plant shifts.
Data from: Trade-offs and tritrophic consequences of host shifts in specialized root herbivores
Trade-offs in an herbivore's ability to feed, avoid predation and succeed on alternative hosts are thought to be major driving factors in host specialization. In this study, we compared how two closely related milkweed beetles (Tetraopes spp.) that have specialized on separate Asclepias species respond to host switching to alternative milkweed plants. By additionally examining effects on the beetles' entomopathogenic natural enemies, we test whether host plant specialization is driven by plant–herbivore interactions alone or whether there is a role for the tritrophic interactions. Tetraopes beetles feed on milkweed roots as larvae and on milkweed shoots as adults, and they sequester toxic cardenolides from their host plants. We predicted that growth and sequestration would be compromised on alternative hosts as a consequence of specialization. Larvae of each Tetraopes species were reared on their native host plant, the host plant of the other species and two closely related Asclepias species that do not typically host Tetraopes. Regardless of beetle specialization, survival of both beetles was highest on A. syriaca, which has the second-to-lowest levels of root cardenolides and is the native host for T. tetraophthalmus. Larval growth was not affected by host plant for T. texanus, but T. tetraophthalmus grew best on A. exaltata, a close relative of A. syriaca that does not typically experience beetle feeding. We found that larval sequestration of cardenolides largely mirrored host plant values in the roots, with the exception of T. texanus on A. asperula, which sequestered a low proportion of the cardenolides from this host. Although all larvae were susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), the number of EPNs emerging from cadavers depended on the beetle–plant combination, with more EPNs produced when beetles were feeding on native compared to non-native hosts. The observed consequences for tritrophic interactions did not fit expectations for specialized herbivores (i.e. EPN predation was highest when beetles were on their native hosts), suggesting that specialization may be driven primarily by a plant–herbivore interaction in this system, not by a tritrophic effect.
Data from: Behavioural evolution accompanying host shifts in cactophilic Drosophila larvae
For plant utilizing insects, the shift to a novel host is generally accompanied by a complex set of phenotypic adaptations. Many such adaptations arise in response to differences in plant chemistry, competitive environment, or abiotic conditions. One less well-understood factor in the evolution of phytophagous insects is the selective environment provided by plant shape and volume. Does the physical structure of a new plant host favour certain phenotypes? Here, we use cactophilic Drosophila, which have colonized the necrotic tissues of cacti with dramatically different shapes and volumes, to examine this question. Specifically, we analysed two behavioural traits in larvae, pupation height and activity, that we predicted might be related to the ability to utilise variably shaped hosts. We found that populations of D. mojavensis living on lengthy columnar or barrel cactus hosts have greater activity and pupate higher in a lab environment than populations living on small and flat prickly pear cactus cladodes. Crosses between the most phenotypically extreme populations suggest that the genetic architectures of these behaviours are distinct. A comparison of activity in additional cactophilic species that are specialized on small and large cactus hosts shows a consistent trend. Thus, we suggest that greater motility and an associated tendency to pupate higher in the lab are potential larval adaptations for life on a large plant where space is more abundant and resources may be more sparsely distributed.
Figure 6 from: Huemer P, Schmid J (2021) Relict populations of Lyonetia ledi Wocke, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) from the Alps indicate postglacial host-plant shift to the famous Alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum L.). Alpine Entomology 5: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.76930
Figure 6 Final instar larva of Lyonetia ledi on Rhododendron ferrugineum (Switzerland, Graubünden, Ardez).
Figures 2- 3 from: Huemer P, Schmid J (2021) Relict populations of Lyonetia ledi Wocke, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) from the Alps indicate postglacial host-plant shift to the famous Alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum L.). Alpine Entomology 5: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.76930
Figures 2- 3 Lyonetia ledi adults resting on leaves of Rhododendron ferrugineum (Switzerland, Graubünden, Ardez).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.