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1,039 results for “Hubbard Brook”
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Diversity of Forest Floor Vegetation under Ash, Beech, Sugar Maple, and Yellow Birch, 2021
As the interface between plants and soil, the organic horizon is the foundation of forest ecosystems. Two potential predictors of O-layer properties, vegetation and mineral soil type, are difficult to separate because they typically covary. We conducted a factorial study involving four canopy tree species and two soil types with distinctly different hydrology and topographic position to parse patterns in chemistry and microbiota of the O-layer in a north-temperate deciduous forest. There were frequent strong effects of tree species. White ash frequently differed from the other trees: e.g., lower cation exchange capacity and exchangeable acidity, thinner Oi layer, lower %C and C:N, and, from phospholipid fatty acids, more AM fungi and less gram+ bacteria. These patterns, presumably due to species-specific attributes of leaf litter quality, root exudates, and microbial associations, must arise over decades, given that the stands in the study age between 85 and 100 years. We also found patterns in the O-layer related to underlying soil type, independent of tree species: e.g., Bh podzols, compared to Typical podzols, had higher trace metals, thicker Oa layer, and more AM fungi. Relations between mineral soil type and the organic layer, which were larger than expected, could arise because landscape features that influence hydrology and therefore soil formation over millennia also influence biogeochemistry of the organic layer over decades. It could also involve bioturbation by organisms across horizons. There is basic and applied value in models that can predict properties of the O-layer based on vegetation and soil types.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Data in support of Territory sizes and patterns of habitat use by forest passerines over five decades: Ideal free or ideal despotic?, Zammarelli et al.
In this study, we analyzed territory sizes of seven migratory songbirds occupying a 10-hectare plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA over a 52-year period (1969-2021). All species varied in abundance over the duration of the study, some dramatically. Changes in territory sizes were inversely related to changes in abundance within the study plot despite differences in habitat preference, supporting the ideal free distribution. Territory sizes varied two-fold within a year across species. Results contribute to understanding how variation in territory size relates to 1) how habitat use changes with bird abundance, 2) the evolution of territory size, and 3) the role of territoriality in population dynamics. This dataset includes data, R code, and spatial files supporting this study. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Associated datasets in the data catalog: Holmes, R.T., N.L. Rodenhouse, and M.T. Hallworth. 2022. Bird Abundances at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1969-present) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/6422a72893616ce9020086de5a5714cd (Accessed 2023-12-17). Zammarelli, M.B. and R.T. Holmes. 2023. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 10-ha bird plot territory maps, 1969 - 2021 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/df93595ba8df60570d472f6e6f58839e (Accessed 2024-01-11).
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Microbial Biomass and Activity, 2021-2023
The goal of this project is to test the overarching hypothesis that positive feedback mechanisms involving changes in seasonal cycles that diminish N availability to plants such that plant N demand is not met by soil N availability in northern forests. Specifically, we hypothesize that increasing N demand by plants (induced by increasing temperatures, longer growing seasons, and other environmental changes) leads to greater N resorption by trees in autumn, increased C:N in litter, and greater net immobilization of N by soil microbes in the following spring. However, the timing of snowmelt and soil freezing in spring may further affect net mineralization and N availability for plants. These hypotheses are being tested with a combination of observational, experimental, and modeling approaches at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire: 1) measurements at 14 previously established sites along an elevation/aspect climate gradient; 2) litter and snow manipulation experiments at six sites along the climate gradient to create variation in soil climate conditions and microbial N immobilization during spring. We leveraged 14 sites previously established along an elevation and aspect-driven climate gradient at Hubbard Brook as a “natural climate experiment" to test our hypothesis that a positive feedback between N cycling during fall senescence and spring contributes to declining N availability in northern forests. This elevation gradient encompasses variation in mean annual air temperature of ~2.5 °C that is similar to the change projected to occur with climate change over the next 50–100 years in the northeastern U.S. There is relatively little variation in soils along the gradient. We are utilizing three sites at higher elevation (~550-660 m, north facing) and three sites at lower elevation (~375-500 m, south facing) for the litter and snow manipulation experiments to maximize the differences in temperature among the 14 sites. Litterbox manipulation: The objecti
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): In-situ Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification, 2021-2023
The goal of this project is to test the overarching hypothesis that positive feedback mechanisms involving changes in seasonal cycles that diminish N availability to plants such that plant N demand is not met by soil N availability in northern forests. Specifically, we hypothesize that increasing N demand by plants (induced by increasing temperatures, longer growing seasons, and other environmental changes) leads to greater N resorption by trees in autumn, increased C:N in litter, and greater net immobilization of N by soil microbes in the following spring. However, the timing of snowmelt and soil freezing in spring may further affect net mineralization and N availability for plants. These hypotheses are being tested with a combination of observational, experimental, and modeling approaches at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire: 1) measurements at 14 previously established sites along an elevation/aspect climate gradient; 2) litter and snow manipulation experiments at six sites along the climate gradient to create variation in soil climate conditions and microbial N immobilization during spring. We leveraged 14 sites previously established along an elevation and aspect-driven climate gradient at Hubbard Brook as a “natural climate experiment" to test our hypothesis that a positive feedback between N cycling during fall senescence and spring contributes to declining N availability in northern forests. This elevation gradient encompasses variation in mean annual air temperature of ~2.5 °C that is similar to the change projected to occur with climate change over the next 50–100 years in the northeastern U.S. There is relatively little variation in soils along the gradient. We are utilizing three sites at higher elevation (~550-660 m, north facing) and three sites at lower elevation (~375-500 m, south facing) for the litter and snow manipulation experiments to maximize the differences in temperature among the 14 sites. Litterbox manipulation: The objecti
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Litter and soil radiocarbon and selective metal measurements from Bear Brook, 1998–2023
Radiocarbon time series of archived litter and soil samples from Bear Brook (west of watershed 6) at lower elevation from 1998 to 2023. Additional measurements include total carbon and nitrogen for all samples, and selective dissolution metal concentrations for the Oa/A and mineral soil layers. Selective dissolution metals include pyrophosphate-extractable aluminum (Al); iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn); oxalate-extractable Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Mn; and dithionite-extractable Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Mn. All samples are from the Microbial Biomass and Activity Sampling Effort (Groffman and Martel, 2025, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/aff4a2074fd56102f62f13a19ce46f2d). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 soil moisture transect, 2007
Soil moisture was measured along a slope transect in Watershed 3 as part of a study examining hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and the stream. Soil moisture sensors were located nearby shallow groundwater wells (available from https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/210b60a3d2f5ee2bb2635ee2fb33b637) along a topographically defined landform sequence (footslope–backslope– shoulder) in a sub-catchment of Watershed 3. The study was part of Joel Detty's M.S. thesis. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Ecosystem nutrient cycling in northern hardwood and conifer stands at Cone Pond, Hubbard Brook, and Sleepers River
This dataset provides comprehensive measurements of nutrient concentrations and fluxes in foliage, fine roots, wood, litterfall, and throughfall in hardwood and conifer stands across temperate forest stands at three long-term ecological research sites in the northeastern United States: Cone Pond, NH, Hubbard Brook, NH, and Sleepers River, VT. These sites vary in bedrock composition, parent material, and soil chemistry, but share similar climatic characteristics. Tissue nutrient concentrations were determined in leaves, fine roots, wood, and branches using site- and tissue-specific methods, with additional quality control through certified standards and duplicate sampling. Nutrient fluxes via litterfall and throughfall were measured over multiple years. Nutrient fluxes in roots were estimated from minirhizotron-based turnover rates and fine root biomass. Annual nutrient accumulation and uptake were calculated by integrating biomass production and nutrient concentrations. This dataset supports cross-site comparisons of forest biogeochemistry and provides a basis for evaluating nutrient limitations, cycling processes, and ecosystem responses to environmental gradients in northeastern temperate forests.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 6 Temporal Canopy Leaf Chemistry, 1992 - ongoing
Overstory foliage is collected in late summer from a reference forest to the west of Watershed 6 (also referred to as Bear Brook Watershed). Concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Mg, and the natural abundance of N and C isotopes (delta-15N and delta-13C) in foliage are measured. These measurements, in combination with litterfall estimates of foliar biomass, allow us to estimate the pool of nutrients in foliage. They also allow us to estimate nutrient retranslocation, using measurements of leaf litterfall chemistry. Long-term measurements continue with the aim of detecting disturbances in nutrient cycling and trends in foliar chemistry over long time scales. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 1 Tree Inventory, 1996 - ongoing
In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October 1999. The watershed is forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 90 % of its area, and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 10%. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2016 inventory measurements. The data consists of a total inventory of all trees ≥10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees ≥ 2 to ≤10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in 2006 on all trees ≥10 cm dbh, tracking of individual trees is now possible nd trees that grow into the ≥10 cm dbh size class are tagged each survey. The data consist of the diameters (dbh) of all the trees ≥10 cm dbh, live and dead, in the whole of the watershed (about 9000 individual stems) and an additional 3000-4000 saplings. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 5 Tree Inventory, 1982 - ongoing
A whole-tree harvest was conducted during the dormant season of 1983-1984 in order to assess ecosystem response to whole-tree logging operations. Pre-harvest forest inventory surveys were conducted in 1982 on the whole of the watershed. Post-harvest surveys were conducted in 1990, 1994 and every 5 years thereafter. This data set includes data for 1982 – 2019 surveys. The hydrology has been monitored since 1962 and stream water chemistry monitored since 1963. In 1982, before the clearcut, the watershed was forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 85 % of its area and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 15%. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 6 Tree Inventory, 1965 - ongoing
The watershed is forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 90% of its area and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 10%. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1965, repeated in 1977, and repeated at 5 year intervals after that. This data set includes all inventories from 1965 to 2022 (11 surveys). The inventory consists of a total inventory of all trees ≥10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) (over 11,000 individual stems overtime) on the whole of the watershed (13.23 ha, 549−792 m in elevation), as measured in each of the 208 grid cells (= plots; 25 m x 25 m, 625 m2). Trees ≥2 to <10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. While the specifics of the inventory design varied between watersheds and over time, the core measurements were consistent. Differences between exact inventory methods over time are detailed in the Methods. The surveys include 6000 – 7000 live trees and another 2000-3000 dead standing trees. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) and funded largely through the Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) program through NSF since 1988. The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 - ongoing
Fine litterfall (leaves, twigs, fruits, seeds, etc.) is collected in Watershed 1, Watershed 5, the Throughfall plots and the Bear Brook Watershed reference forest, located to the west of Watershed 6, to quantify carbon and nutrient flux associated with this important pathway. These measurements have facilitated quantification of ice storm effects and species declines (paper birch, sugar maple). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Coarse Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1996 - ongoing
Coarse litterfall (woody litter greater than 2 cm diameter) was collected from cleared plots in the same sites as fine litterfall to quantify total aboveground litterfall in the reference forest. These collections are for quantifying CWD inputs from live standing trees rather than all CWD inputs. Tree mortality and fall rates are used for dead tree inputs. All together these data are used to calculate aboveground production and forest carbon and nutrient budgets. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Routine Seasonal Phenology Measurements, 1989 - present
Spring and Fall leaf phenology observations have been made at 9 locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest since 1989. Timing and progression of spring leaf out and fall senescence are recorded for 3 dominant tree species, sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech, in treated and untreated watersheds and high and low elevations. Weekly measurements are taken during the active period of the fall or spring season. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in North Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Temperature Record, 1955 - ongoing
Air temperature at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) is measured at five locations in rain gage clearings throughout the experimental watersheds and at the Headquarters building. The oldest air temperature record dates back to October 20,1955 at Station 1. From 1955 - 2014, temperature measurements were made continuously using hygrothermographs housed in standard shelters. Beginning in 2013, digital sensors housed in solar radiation shields collected daily minimum and maximum temperature measurements. These data are gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of freely-draining soil solutions in Watershed 6, 1984 - ongoing
Tension-free lysimeters were installed in three soil horizons at three locations adjacent to Hubbard Brook Experiment Forest Watershed 6. At each location lysimeters were placed beneath the Oa horizon and within the upper and lower B horizon. Soil solution samples were collected approximately monthly and analyzed for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations, soluble anions, trace metals, nitrogen and carbon. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Sediment Yield in Weir Basins, 1956 - ongoing
Each year the sediment that collects in the stilling basin behind the v-notch weir is measured, excavated, sampled, dried, and weighed for Watersheds 1 through 8 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Oven-dry weights are then calculated for all the sediment removed from the basin and extrapolated back over the watershed as mass of soil material lost per unit area. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Bird Abundances at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1969-present) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest
Bird abundances have been determined from timed censuses, territory maps and nest locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest from 1969 to the present. This data set includes counts of the number of adult birds (males and females) per 10 ha at HBEF (1969 - present) and on three additional plots within the White Mountain National Forest (1986 - 2000). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of Mirror Lake outlet streamwater 1967 – 2021
Mirror Lake is located within the Hubbard Brook Valley, NH and has been the subject of numerous continuous limnological investigations since the early 1960s. The long-term Mirror Lake record is part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of weekly sampling of nine gaged watersheds at Hubbard Brook and includes sampling of the Mirror Lake inlets, outlets and water column. This data set reports streamwater chemistry samples from the Mirror Lake outlet beginning in 1967 and continuing through 2014. The collection and management of the long-term record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the datasets are curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Chris Solomon (Cary IES), Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Gastropod abundance at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 1 and West of Watershed 6, 1997-2006 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hbr/126/4. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Snail and slug abundance were measured for a 10 year period between 1997 - 2006 at three elevations on Watershed 1 as well as in a reference area west of Watershed 6. Watershed 1 received calcium additions as wollastonite (CaSiO3) during the study period. This data set includes counts of snails and and slugs for the entire study period. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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