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FIG. 3 in New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

FIG. 3. Right petrosal of Paracolodon fissus (IVPP V 22640). Parallel lines indicate damaged surfaces. The anteroposterior length of the promontorium is about 14.66 mm. Abbreviations: bg, basicapsular groove; bo, basiocciptial; bs, basisphenoid; ci, crista interfenestralis; ctp, caudal tympanic process; eam, external acoustic meatus; fc, fenestra cochleae; fs, facial sulcus; fv, fenestra vestibuli; gpns, greater petrosal nerve sulcus; hf, hypoglossal foramen; mlf, middle lacerate foramen; oc, occipital condyle; p, promontorium; pgp, postglenoid process; pcop, paracondylar process; s, squamosal; sf, stapedial muscle fossa; sff, secondary facial foramen; ts, transpromontorial sulcus; ttf, fossa for the tensor tympani muscle.

FIGURE 7 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 7. Relationships (strict consensus) of Genibatrachus baoshanensis with other living and fossil frogs. The tree is calibrated with the ages of fossil taxa. The new fossil taxon is highlighted in boldface. The numbers next to the branches represent the jackknife supporting value (only supporting value higher than 0.5 is shown).

FIG. 11 in New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

FIG. 11. The single most parsimony tree and the distribution of selected taxa. The left column showing Polarity Chrons, NALMA, and ALMA was modified from Vandenberghe et al. (2012). Numbers on the cladogram are node numbers, and numbers in the parentheses are Bremer Support which is greater than 1. Abbreviations: ALMA, Asian Land Mammal Ages; Ck., Clarkforkian; Du., Duchesnean; Er., Ergilian; Ga., Gashatan; Hs., Hsandagolian; 55 NALMA, North American Land Mammal Ages; Or., Orellan; Pa., Paleocene; Ta., Tabenbulakian; Th., Thanetian; Ul., Ulangochuian; Wt., Whitneyan.

FIGURE 6 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic fusion of ribs to transverse process of the vertebra: A, PKUP V0410 (juvenile); B, PKUP V0411 (juvenile); C, PKUP V0406 (young adult); D, PKUP V0404 (fully grown adult). Scale bars = 5 mm. Note that PKUP V0410 and V0411 show all trunk vertebrae with free ribs articulated with the transverse process, PKUP V0406 shows a transitional stage of fusion of the ribs on posterior trunk vertebrae, whereas PKUP V0404 shows fully fused ribs to the transverse process on the posterior trunk vertebrae.

FIGURE 4 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 4. Referred specimens of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (juvenile individuals): A, PKUP V0411 in dorsal view; B, PKUP V0412 in ventral view.

FIG. 1 in New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

FIG. 1. Topographic map of the Huheboerhe area (modified from Meng et al., 2007: fig. 1). 1, presumed location of Camp Margetts; 2, Daoteyin Obo (5 miles east of Camp Margetts); 3, Nuhetingboerhe (6 miles west of Camp Margetts); 4, Wulanboerhe; 5, Huheboerhe (7 miles west and southwest [235°] of Camp Margetts); 6, Changanboerhe (10 miles southwest of Camp Margetts); 7, Jibuqilehasha.

FIGURE 2 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 2. Photograph of the holotype of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0401): incomplete skeleton exposed on part-and-counterpart shale slabs. A, skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in dorsal view; B, impressions of the skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in counterpart slab of A.

FIGURE 1 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 1. Area map showing the location of Taipingqiao locality (Inner Mongolia) in relation to other Early Cretaceous frog fossil localities near Chaoyang in western Liaoning Province, China (area shaded dark grey indicates the former "Jehol Province" after which the "Jehol Biota" was named).

FIGURE 3 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 3. Holotype of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0401): line drawing of the incomplete skeleton and impressions of the skeleton in dorsal view, as exposed on part-and-counterpart shale slabs.

FIG. 4 in New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

FIG. 4. Occlusal view of upper cheek teeth of Paracolodon fissus, Paracolodon inceptus, and Desmatotherium mongoliense. A−B, P. fissus; A, left P2−M3 (IVPP V 22640); B, left P2−P4 (AMNH FM 20161); C−D, P. inceptus; C, left P1−P3 (AMNH FM 20355); D, left P3−M3 (AMNH FM 20357); E−G, D. mongoliense; E, left P1−M2 (IVPP V 14692); F, left P3−P4 (AMNH FM 20156); G, left P2−M3 (AMNH FM 19161, reversed).

FIGURE 5 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 5. Palatal structures of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0412). Arrow points to the ossified posteromedial process of the hyoid.

FIG. 10 in New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

FIG. 10. Longitudinal section of the ectoloph of upper right P4 of Paracolodon fissus and Desmetotherium mongoliense showing the curved HSB configuration. A, P. fissus with continuous and relatively narrower HSB pattern; B, D. mongoliense with waved and relatively wider HSB pattern. Abbreviations: if, interface; me, metacone; pa, paracone; pas, parastyle.

Fig. 6 in New Stratigraphic Data from the Erlian Basin: Implications for the Division, Correlation, and Definition of Paleogene Lithological Units in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)

Fig. 6. Sketch profiles from (above) Camp Margetts and (below) 7 miles southwest (235°) of Camp Margetts (Granger, 1930).

Fig. 1. Baataromomys ulaanus, n in Discovery of the First Early Cenozoic Euprimate (Mammalia) from Inner Mongolia

Fig. 1. Baataromomys ulaanus, n. gen. et sp., holotype, IVPP V14614, isolated right m2. A, Occlusal view; B, lingual view; C, buccal view. Scale bar indicates 1.00 mm.

Fig. 4 in New Stratigraphic Data from the Erlian Basin: Implications for the Division, Correlation, and Definition of Paleogene Lithological Units in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)

Fig. 4. Above, The Arshanto Formaiton (middle beds) and Irdin Manha Formation (upper beds) at the Nuhetingboerhe locality; the arrow points to the upper hiatus between the two formatitons. Below, Close-up view of the upper hiatus showing the lithology and erosional surface.

Fig. 3 in New Stratigraphic Data from the Erlian Basin: Implications for the Division, Correlation, and Definition of Paleogene Lithological Units in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)

Fig. 3. Above, Beds at the transition of the Nomogen (lower) and Arshanto (upper) at the Huheboerhe locality. Below, Close-up view of the lower hiatus showing the lithology and erosional surface between the Nomogen and Arshanto fomarions.

Fig. 2 in New Stratigraphic Data from the Erlian Basin: Implications for the Division, Correlation, and Definition of Paleogene Lithological Units in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)

Fig. 2. Above, Paleogene outcrops at the Nuhetingboerhe locality. The arrow points to the lower hiatus between the Nomogen (lower) and Arshanto (upper) formations; Below, Close-up view of the lower hiatus showing the lithology and erosional surface.

Fig. 1. A in New Stratigraphic Data from the Erlian Basin: Implications for the Division, Correlation, and Definition of Paleogene Lithological Units in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)

Fig. 1. A. Localities (black dots) of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). The shaded area indicates the location of the Nuhetingboerhe-Huheboerhe area (NHA). B. Topographic map of NHA. The black bars indicate positions of measured sections at the Daoteyin Obo, Nuhetingboerhe, Wulanboerhe (Huheboerhe of Meng et al., 2004), and Huheboerhe.

Fig. 2 in Discovery of the First Early Cenozoic Euprimate (Mammalia) from Inner Mongolia

Fig. 2. Size of m2 in the holotypes of Baataromomys ulaanus, n. gen. et sp. and B. brandti, shown in relation to those of Eurasian Teilhardina and North American ''Teilhardina''. Measurements of North American ''Teilhardina'' are taken from Bown and Rose (1987). Vertical and horizontal axes are in millimeters.

Fig. 3 in A New Eocene Rodent from the Lower Arshanto Formation in the Nuhetingboerhe (Camp Margetts) Area, Inner Mongolia

Fig. 3. The dp4 of Archetypomys erlianensis. a, V14622.10, left dp4; b, V14622.11, right dp4; c, V14622.12, right dp4; d, V14622.13, left dp4; e, V14622.14, right dp4; f, V14622.15, right dp4; g, V14622.16, right dp4; h, V14622.17, left dp4; i, V14623.7, left dp4; j, V14623.8, left dp4; k, V14623.9, right dp4; l, left dp4 of Tribosphenomys minutus from the Late Paleocene Subeng locality, Inner Mongolia.