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172 results for “Intraspecific variability”
Data from:Intraspecific variability improves environmental matching, but does not increase ecological breadth along a wet-to-dry ecotone
It is widely assumed that higher levels of intraspecific variability in one or more traits should allow species to persist under a wider range of environmental conditions. However, few studies have examined whether species that exhibit high variability are found in a wider range of environmental conditions, and whether variability increases the ability of a species to adapt to prevailing ecological gradients. We used four plant functional traits, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) and maximum plant height in 49 species across a strong environmental gradient to answer three questions: 1) is there evidence for 'high-variability' species (that is, species which show high variability in multiple traits, simultaneously)? 2) are species with more variable traits present across a wider range of environmental conditions than less variable species? And 3) whether more variable species show better trait-environment matching to the prevailing abiotic (soil moisture) gradient at the site? We found little evidence for a 'high-variability' species. Variability was correlated for two leaf traits, SLA and LDMC, while variability in leaf traits and plant height were not correlated. We found little evidence that more variable species were present in more diverse conditions: only variation in SLA was correlated with a wider ecological niche breadth. For plant traits along the soil-moisture gradient, higher variability led to better trait-environment matching in half of measured traits. Overall, we found little support for the existence of 'high-variability' species, but that variability in SLA is correlated with a wider ecological breadth. We also found evidence that variation in traits can improve trait-environment matching, a relationship which may facilitate our understanding ecological breadth along prevailing gradients, and community assembly on the basis of traits.
Data from: Intraspecific variability and reaction norms of forest understory plant species traits
1.Trait-based models of ecological communities typically assume intraspecific variation in functional traits is not important, though such variation can change species trait rankings along gradients in resources and environmental conditions, and thus influence community structure and function. 2. We examined the degree of intraspecific relative to interspecific variation, and reaction norms of 11 functional traits for 57 forest understory plant species, including: intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), Δ15N, 5 leaf traits, 2 stem traits and 2 root traits along gradients in light, nitrogen, moisture and understory cover. 3. Our results indicate that interspecific trait variation exceeded intraspecific variation by at least 50% for most, but not all traits. Intraspecific variation in Δ15N, iWUE, leaf nitrogen content and root traits was high (47-70%) compared with most leaf traits and stem traits (13-38%). 4. Δ15N varied primarily along gradients in abiotic conditions, while light and understory cover were relatively less important. iWUE was related primarily to light transmission, reflecting increases in photosynthesis relative to stomatal conductance. Leaf traits varied mainly as a function of light availability, with some reaction norms depending on understory cover. Plant height increased with understory cover, while stem specific density was related primarily to light. Resources, environmental conditions and understory cover did not contribute strongly to the observed variation in root traits. 5. Gradients in resources, environmental conditions and competition all appear to control intraspecific variability in most traits to some extent. However, our results suggest that species cross-over (i.e., trait rank reversals) along the gradients measured here are generally not a concern. 6. Intraspecific variability in understory plant species traits can be considerable. However, trait data collected under a narrow range of environmental conditions appears sufficient to establish species rankings and scale between community and ecosystem levels using trait-based models. Investigators may therefore focus on obtaining a sufficient sample size within a single set of conditions rather than characterizing trait variation across entire gradients in order to optimize sampling efforts.
FIGURE 1. Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896. Investigator station 162. A, D, G in Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae): A study in intraspecific variability
FIGURE 1. Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896. Investigator station 162. A, D, G, ɗ (sl = 10.1 mm); B, E, Ψ (sl = 7.9 mm) NHM 1903.4.5.193–202); C, Ψ (sl = 6.2 mm); F, H, Ψ (sl = 8.1 mm) NHM 96.9.8.22); I, juv. (sl = 2.7 mm), NHM; 1903.4.5.193–202). A, cephalothorax (setae and aesthetascs omitted; crosshatching indicates lack of calcification); B, C, anterior margin of shield and ocular acicles; D, E, antennal flagellum; F, male first pleopod (external view); G, male second pleopod; H, female brood pouch; I, shield and cephalic appendages (antennular flagella omitted). Scale bars equal 2 mm.
FIGURE 2. Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896. Investigator station 162. A in Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae): A study in intraspecific variability
FIGURE 2. Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896. Investigator station 162. A, Ψ (sl = 6.5 mm); B, C, ɗ (sl = 8.7 mm), D, E, ɗ (sl = 8.4 mm); F, ɗ (sl = 7.2 mm); G–I, L, ɗ (sl = 10.1 mm); J, K, Ψ (sl = 7.9 mm) (NHM1903.4.5.193–202). A, chela and carpus of left cheliped (dorsal view); B, D, dactyl of right cheliped (mesial face); C, E, dactyl of left cheliped (mesial face); F, carpus of left cheliped (dorsal view); G, H, right second pereopod (lateral view); I, propodus of right second pereopod (mesial view); J, dactyl of left third pereopod (mesial view); K, dactyl, propodus and carpus of left third pereopod (lateral view); L, telson. Scales bars equal 2 mm.
FIGURES 15–17 in A new species of Photinus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Photinini) from Jalisco, Mexico, with comments on intraspecific aedeagal variability and a key to the species of the subgenus Paraphotinus
FIGURES 15–17. Ratios of different morphometric features taken for the right parameres of Photinus anisodrilus sp. nov. Lines show the most common ratios. Fig. 15. Dispersion of the variability of the depth / separation ratio of the apical edges. Fig.16. Dispersion of the variability of the width / length ratio of the ventral branch. Fig.17. Dispersion of the variability of the total width / length ratio.
FIGURES 25–28 in Redescription of Friesea handschini Kseneman, 1938 (Collembola, Neanuridae) with notes on intraspecific variability of the species
FIGURES 25–28. Friesea handschini: 25, ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen; 26, Abd. III–V (ventral view); 27, retinaculum and furcula (lateral view); 28, retinaculum and furcula (ventral view).
FIGURES 1–7 in Redescription of Friesea handschini Kseneman, 1938 (Collembola, Neanuridae) with notes on intraspecific variability of the species
FIGURES 1–7. Friesea handschini: 1, habitus (dorsal view); 2, chaetotaxy of Ant. III–IV (dorsal view); 3, apical tip of Ant. IV, arrow shows apical bulb (dorsal view); 4, labral chaetotaxy (ventral view); 5, labrum, arrows show prelabral setae (frontal view); 6, ocelli, dorsal chaetotaxy of the head and Th. I (dorsal view); 7, labial chaetotaxy (ventral view).
FIGURES 8–13 in Redescription of Friesea handschini Kseneman, 1938 (Collembola, Neanuridae) with notes on intraspecific variability of the species
FIGURES 8–13. Friesea handschini: 8, mandibles; 9, maxillae; 10, dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. II; 11, dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. I; 12, dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. III – Abd. II; 13, dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. III–IV.
FIGURES 29–30 in Redescription of Friesea handschini Kseneman, 1938 (Collembola, Neanuridae) with notes on intraspecific variability of the species
FIGURES 29–30. Friesea handschini: 29, Abd. V–VI ventral view; 30, ventral tube, arrow shows supernumerary seta.
R code and data for "Intraspecific and intraindividual trait variability decrease with tree species richness in a subtropical tree diversity experiment"
<p>R codes and dataset for tha statistical analyses and production of figures in "Intraspecific and intraindividual trait variability decrease with tree species richness in a subtropical tree diversity experiment" by Castro Sánchez-Bermejo et al.</p>
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 7. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (n-MDS) plot for male and female outlines, normalized for area from ET lake. Inset shows superposition of the virtual mean shape outline of males (light blue) and females (black).
FIGURE 5. Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. A in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 5. Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. A. Hemipenis (UNC-PMIC 160 male). B. T1 (UNC-PMIC 153 ES female). C. Lpp (UNC-PMIC 161 male). D. Rpp (UNC-PMIC 161 male). E Zenker organ (UNC-PMIC 160 male). F. T2 (UNC-PMIC 153 ES female). G. Genital hooks (UNC-PMIC 154 ES female). H. T3 (UNC-PMIC 153 ES female). I.UR (UNC-PMIC 154 ES female). Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 1. Geographic location of the surveyed lakes. The upper left map shows Argentina with the Patagonian region in dark grey. The lower left map shows the sampled region with the four surveyed areas (black boxes), which correspond to the regions A, B, C, and D. Grey polygons correspond to water bodies (surveyed in black). The legends indicate the altitude in meters above sea level (masl) based on a digital elevation model (DEM; source www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov.gov), where the upper (A and B), and lower (C and D) panels share the same scale.
FIGURE 2. Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. A in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 2. Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. A ES female RV external view (UNC-PMIC 149). B ET female RV external view (UNC-PMIC 153). C ET male RV external view (UNC-PMIC 158). D–E ES female LV external view (PMIC 148). F ET male LV external view (UNC-PMIC 158), G ET female Cp dorsal view (UNC-PMIC 154). H ET male Cp dorsal view (UNC- PMIC 159). I–K ES female RV internal view (PMIC 149). L–N ES female LV internal view (UNC-PMIC 148). O ET female Cp ventral view (UNC-PMIC 155). P ETC RV external view (UNC-PMIC 162). Q ETC LV internal view (UNC-PMIC 163). R He female LV internal view (UNC-PMIC 164). Scale bar= 300 µm; E= 50 µm and I, K, L, N= 100 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 9. Boxplots showing carapace length (a), Height (b) and H:L (c) of ETf, ETm, ETC, and ES populations. The line within the box marks the median; the lower and upper boundaries of the box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. Error bars above and below the box indicate the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively, and black points indicate outliers.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism
FIGURE 6. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (n-MDS) plot showing shape variability (valve outlines were normalized for area) of extant and subfossil populations, with superimposition of reconstructed mean shape outline of each population.
Fig. 12 in Intraspecific Variability of Melasis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1761) Challenges the Validity of Melasis fermini Sánchez-Ruiz and Rosa, 2003 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)
Fig. 12. Color forms of males of Melasis buprestoides. a) Bicolored, France (57), Guermange (total length 6.1 mm),
Fig. 11 in Intraspecific Variability of Melasis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1761) Challenges the Validity of Melasis fermini Sánchez-Ruiz and Rosa, 2003 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)
Fig. 11. Neighbor-joining tree using COI-5P DNA barcode of the 24 Melasis species of the dataset dx.doi.org/ 10.5883/DS-MELASIS. Distance model was performed with Kimura two-parameter and Isorhipis marmottani was used for genetic distance comparisons. Both coloration patterns (bicolored and unicolored) and BOLD sample-ID of each Melasis individual is referenced for clarity.
Fig. 10 in Intraspecific Variability of Melasis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1761) Challenges the Validity of Melasis fermini Sánchez-Ruiz and Rosa, 2003 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)
Fig. 10. Relationship between elytral length/pronotal length and total body length. Black circles and red (gray in print version) squares represent unicolored and bicolored Melasis, respectively. Triangles refer to M. fermini types.
Fig. 9 in Intraspecific Variability of Melasis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1761) Challenges the Validity of Melasis fermini Sánchez-Ruiz and Rosa, 2003 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)
Fig. 9. Relationship between the elytral length/width ratio and total body length. Black circles and red (gray in print version) squares represent unicolored and bicolored Melasis, respectively. Triangles refer to M. fermini types.
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