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20,982 results for “Island”
Land cover for the barrier islands of the Delmarva Peninsula in Virginia, 1984-2016
We quantified state change from sand, grassland, and woody vegetation in seven undeveloped barrier islands over three time intervals because the ecological and economic value of upland barrier systems is significant, yet often overlooked. We focused on seven islands with woody land cover: Cedar, Parramore, Hog, Cobb, Wreck, Smith, and Fishermans. Landsat TM5 satellite images were obtained from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer for the following dates: September 21, 1984, September 12, 1998, August 15, 2011 and September 12, 2016. Images were chosen from available dates within the growing season and were cloud-free in order to minimize uncertainties due to heterogeneous atmospheric conditions. Barrier islands provide the first line of defense against storms for millions of people living in coastal areas. Upland vegetation (that is, grassland, shrubland, and maritime forest) has received little attention, even though this land surface is most strongly affected by development pressures. We use remote sensing analysis to assess state change on seven undeveloped Virginia barrier islands over 32 years (1984-2016) that are free from direct human influence. Our analysis highlights the spatial-temporally dynamic nature of barrier island upland land area and vegetation, with rapidly changing ecosystem states. Between 1984 and 2011, upland vegetation was dramatically reduced by 29% whereas woody vegetation cover increased 40% across all islands. Although conversions between sand, grassland, and woody vegetation were variable within each island, three major patterns of vegetative land cover change were apparent: overall loss of vegetative cover,frequent transitions between grass and woody cover, and gain in woody cover. These patterns are valuable for understanding natural evolution of barrier islands in response to sea-level rise. Evaluation of temporal dynamics in barrier upland is needed to characterize underlying processes including island resilience or chronic stress, a
Barrier Island Plant and Soil Properties on Hog and Metompkin Islands, Virginia, 2021-2022
Dune building has the potential to impact the entire barrier island ecosystem, and these grasses therefore serve as ecosystem engineers. Protection offered by dune ridges directly impacts the adjacent swale habitat, modifying both biotic and abiotic factors. In order to better understand how dune building impacts the island ecosystem as a whole, we quantified sediment accretion, plant percent cover, stem numbers, and soil characteristics (chlorides, bulk density, %OM, %C, %N). These characteristics were assessed on two islands with varied disturbance intensities. Hog island is infrequently disturbed, and resists change driven by storms and overwash. Metompkin island is frequently disturbed and undergoes high rates of overwash and island migration.
Migratory shorebird habitat use, diet, and prey selection on mudflats in the Virginia barrier island and lagoon system, 2023-2024
Migratory shorebirds require access to heterogenous resources during migration. Understanding how shorebirds utilize different foraging substrates and food resources across the coastal landscape is important for informing conservation. We compared shorebird habitat use and invertebrate prey communities between barrier island and mudflat foraging substrates. We counted shorebirds and collected prey samples at random points on sand, peat, and mudflat substrates during spring migration (May 14 - June 2), 2023 - 2024. We opportunistically collected fecal samples on mudflats in our study area and used fecal DNA metabarcoding with 18S (invertebrates) and 23S (biofilm) primers to describe the diets of dunlin (Calidris alpina), red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) and semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla). We then used network null modeling to determine if our focal species were selectively consuming invertebrates on mudflats. Peat banks were the most heavily used intertidal substrate and mudflats supported similar shorebird abundances and species richness to sand. Dunlin and semipalmated sandpipers were more abundant on peat and mudflats, while red knots were more abundant on sand and peat. Invertebrate density was highest on peat banks and similar between mudflat and sand substrate, though mudflats supported a more diverse prey community. Amphipod crustaceans, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and polychaete worms were main prey consumed by all species on mudflats. Dunlin and semipalmated sandpipers fed primarily on crustaceans whereas red knots mainly fed on bivalves. All species consumed biofilm and a high proportion of diatoms were observed in fecal samples collected from semipalmated sandpipers. Red knots and dunlin selectively consumed bivalves on mudflats while semipalmated sandpipers showed no dietary preferences. Managing staging sites to preserve a diversity of intertidal habitats is critical for meeting the variable foraging requirements of migratory shorebirds.
Red knot occurrence, prey density, island morphology, and climate change in the Virginia Barrier Islands (2009-2023)
Global climate change is reshaping dynamic coastal ecosystems, with uncertain consequences for migratory shorebirds such as the federally threatened red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) that rely on coastal staging sites during migration. Understanding how sea-level rise and changing climate drivers affect red knot foraging ecology is critical for informing conservation and management at coastal staging sites. We integrated long-term biological, geomorphological, and climatological data to examine the direct and indirect pathways influencing red knots and their prey at intertidal foraging sites on the Virginia Barrier Islands during spring migration (May 21 - 28, 2009-2023). Using piecewise structural equation modeling, we tested hypothesized two causal networks linking 1) red knot occurrence and 2) densities of their main invertebrate prey to habitat characteristics, island morphology, geomorphic change, and climate drivers of ecosystem change. Red knots were indirectly affected by geomorphic change and climate drivers through bottom-up effects on invertebrate communities mediated by island morphology. Accelerated shoreline change narrowed islands, reducing invertebrate density and richness and indirectly decreasing red knot occurrence. Storms interacted with global climate oscillations to drive erosion or accretion of beaches, with variable effects on invertebrate density and red knot occurrence. Invertebrate responses were taxon-specific: shoreline change directly increased blue mussel density but indirectly reduced coquina clam and crustacean densities by narrowing island width, while storms impacts on crustacean density were mediated by beach width. Our findings suggest that accelerated ecosystem change under future climate scenarios may alter foraging conditions for red knots and other migratory shorebirds in the Virginia Barrier Islands, with broader implications for long-term population resilience.
Hog Island VA Small-Mammal Trapping 1989-2020
This dataset contains information on long-term small mammal trapping on the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER. Four transects on Hog Island are included in the data, each of which was trapped at least twice each year, typically in the spring and autumn (note: Transect T2 was not trapped every year). Along each transect Sherman Live Traps were placed every 12.5 m along the transect, with an alternating offset of 2.5 m (to remove traps from the path running down the transect). This leaves a total inter-trap distance of 15 m. Traps were baited with peanut butter wrapped in waxed paper and were run sequentially for at least 3 nights in a row. Traps in areas that would experience tidal flooding were placed on styrofoam plastic platforms to provide flotation during high tides. Captured animals were individually tagged with numbered fingerling fish tags placed in the right ear, inspected for sex and sexual characteristics, weighed with a spring scale to the nearest gram and released at the point of capture.
Brownsville and Hog Island Surficial Well Data at the Virginia Coast Reserve 1990-2015
Data consist of conductivity, salinity, depth of measurement, depth of water table, temperature for each of 15 sites.
Tide Data for Hog Island (1991-), Redbank (1992-), Oyster (2007-)
Tide data from VCR/LTER tide stations. It is available as a single large comma-separated-value file (size >50MB) or as individual years. Zip files contain annually-segmented data in two forms. The file tideYY.dat contains the data for year YY in a column format. The file tideYY.csv contains the same data in a comma-delimited format. For several sites and time periods, water temperatures are also recorded. All dates and times are in Eastern Standard Time.
UAV-based colour-infrared orthomosaics and digital elevation models of basalts and rock glaciers on Disko Island, West Greenland
<p><span>This data set contains multispectral surveys conducted with an unoccupied aerial vehicle over rock glaciers and steep mafic outcrops (intrusive and flood volcanics) near the coastline of Disko Island.</span></p> <ul> <li><span>Acquisition date: 07.08.2019 – 10.08.2019</span></li> <li><span>Location: Illukunnguaq, Disko Island, Greenland</span></li> <li><span>UAV: SenseFly eBee Plus</span></li> <li><span>Flight altitude above ground level: >100m</span></li> <li><span>Image Overlap forward/side: various</span></li> <li><span>Camera: Parrot Sequoia multispectral</span></li> <li><span>EPSG: 32622</span></li> <li><span>Center coordinates: 69.885277°N, -52.577724°E</span></li> <li><span>Flight mode: automatic flight plan</span></li> </ul> <p><span>Data products: </span></p> <ul> <li><span>Orthomosaic colour-infrared, 10-16 cm pixel resolution</span></li> <li><span>Colour-infrared spectral bands: 790nm, 660nm, 550nm</span></li> <li><span>DEM, 20-30cm pixel resolution</span></li> <li><span>Data coverage: approx. 5500 x 2500 m</span></li> <li><span>Elevation profile: 20-680m </span></li> <li><span>Processing in Agisoft Metashape</span></li> </ul> <p><span>Additional data supplement for article:<br>Barnes, E. (2020). Assessment of Drone-Borne Multispectral Mapping in the Exploration of Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulphides–an Example from Disko Island, West Greenland. <br><em>URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418858</em></span></p> <p>MULSEDRO field campaign was conducted under scientific survey licence (VU-00158-2019) within mineral exploration licence MEL 2018-16 by Blue Jay Mining PLC. This research has been supported by the project MULSEDRO, funded by HZDR-HIF & EITRawMaterials (project ID 16193) and the European Union.</p>
Data from: Basin-scale biogeochemical and ecological impacts of islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In the relatively unproductive waters of the tropical ocean, islands can enhance phytoplankton biomass and create hotspots of productivity and biodiversity that sustain upper trophic levels, including fish that are crucial to the survival of islands’ inhabit- ants. This phenomenon, termed the island mass effect 65 years ago, has been widely described. However, most studies focused on individual islands, and very few documented phytoplankton community composition. Consequently, basin-scale impacts on phytoplankton biomass, primary production and biodiversity remain largely unknown. Here we systematically identify enriched waters near islands from satellite chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) to analyse the island mass effect for all tropical Pacific islands on a climatological basis. We find enrichments near 99% of islands, impacting 3% of the tropical Pacific Ocean. We quantify local and basin-scale increases in chlorophyll and primary production by contrasting island-enriched waters with nearby waters. We also reveal a significant impact on phytoplankton community structure and biodiversity that is identifiable in anomalies in the ocean colour signal. Our results suggest that, in addition to strong local bio- geochemical impacts, islands may have even stronger and farther-reaching ecological impacts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data set and method</strong></p> <p>For each island, an algorithm detected the Island Mass Effect (IME) from climatological satellite chlorophyll maps as a contour enclosing the island and surrounding high-chlorophyll waters, termed IME region. A reference (REF) region of the same size was detected alongside each IME region, enclosing nearby non-IME waters. The IME and REF regions were used to build the IME database described in Messié et al. (2022), that includes variables related to satellite chlorophyll, primary production, and PHYSAT phenoclass diversity metrics in IME and REF regions on a climatological basis.</p> <p>This data set includes 4 files:</p> <ul> <li>island_database.csv: information regarding the 664 islands and shallow reefs where the IME detection was applied</li> <li>IME_masks.nc: monthly climatological masks for the IME and REF regions for all islands,</li> <li>IME_database.nc: IME database as a function of island and climatological month (chlorophyll, primary production, and phenoclass-derived variables calculated within the IME and REF masks).</li> <li>PHYSAT_climatology.nc: climatological maps for each PHYSAT phenoclass, used to calculate phenoclass-derived variables in the IME database.</li> </ul> <p>See details regarding data sources and calculations in <a href="https://rdcu.be/cO4qr">Messié et al. (2022)</a>.</p>
Water temperature in the hidden, subglacial lake at Uruguay Island, Antarctic Peninsula region, 2020-2021, and additional data sets.
The dataset contains temperature measurements in a small subglicer (hidden) lake of Antarctic Peninsula region at several levels of depth. The measurements cover almost a full year and provide an understanding of the temperature and hydrological regime of the water body. Weather measurement data and statistics is provided additionally.
Chipps Island trawl – Genetic Determination of Population of Origin 2017-2023
Central Valley Chinook Salmon populations differ in their Endangered Species Act listing status. It is often difficult to distinguish individuals from the different Evolutionarily Significant Units. As such, many of the salmon monitoring and evaluation efforts in the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay-Delta are hampered by uncertainty about population (stock) identification and proportional effects of management actions (Dekar et al. 2013; IEP 2019). Studies have identified that the current identification method (length-at-date models) of juvenile Chinook salmon (Fisher 1992) captured in the watershed vary in their accuracy, particularly for spring-run (NMFS 2013; Harvey et al. 2014; Merz et al. 2014). The inaccuracy of the size-based methods is likely due to differences in fish distribution during early rearing, habitat-specific growth rates, and inter-annual variability in temperatures and food availability that lead to overlap in size ranges among stocks. The primary objective of this project was the genetic classification (to race; Evolutionary Significant Unit) of Chinook Salmon captured from State Water Project and Central Valley Project fish protection facilities and Interagency Ecological Program monitoring programs. The population-of-origin was determined for sampled fish by comparing their genotypes to reference genetic baselines. Genetic methods, having less statistical uncertainty that size-based models for population identification, were intended to directly target (and reduce) one source of uncertainty in the estimation of loss (take) from water diversions (operations) and develop the information necessary for understanding stock-specific distribution, habitat utilization, abundance, and life history variation. This project supports recommendations from the Interagency Ecological Program’s Salmon and Sturgeon Assessment of Indicators by Life Stage and Interagency Ecological Program Science Agenda efforts to improve Central Valley salmonid monitoring
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - SARI SET Surface Water level data from Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - Mary's Point SET Surface Water level data from Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Virgin Islands National Park, Mary's Point (MARY) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - Water Creek SET Surface Water level data from Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Virgin Islands National Park, Water Creek (WACR) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
Sulfate Concentrations and Sulfur Stable Isotope Ratios in Surface Water from the Marlborough and Waipara Winegrowing Regions, South Island of New Zealand, 2023
Agricultural sulfur (S) additions are a major anthropogenic source of S to the environment, yet our understanding of the downstream transformations and potential environmental consequences of these S inputs remains incomplete. This dataset includes surface water samples from the Marlborough and Waipara winegrowing regions of the South Island of New Zealand, where frequent applications of S fungicide are widespread. Samples were analyzed for sulfate concentration and S stable isotope ratios – the combination of which forms the S “fingerprint”. We collected surface water samples during the winter of 2023 from a variety of different locations and land use types, including vineyards, forests, pastures, and urban areas. The data table includes water sample sulfate concentrations, sulfate-S stable isotope measurements, and the S stable isotope composition of commonly used S-containing fungicides and fertilizers for comparison.
Decomposition and lignin content of wooden dowels deployed in a saltmarsh for 3, 5, or 7 years at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown SC, 2017-2024.
Wooden dowels were used to examine organic matter decomposition in saltmarsh soils. Dowels were inserted to a depth of 45cm in control and fertilized marsh plots. They were harvested after 3, 5 or 7 years and sectioned into 5-cm segments. Weight loss of the dowel segments was used to quantify the fate of labile organic matter, while change in lignin content was used to quantify the fate of refractory organic matter.
Dune Biomass on Hog Island, Virginia Coastal Barrier Islands, 1993-2012 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-vcr/70/25. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
[DEPRECATED] Aboveground biomass at control and fertilized plots in a Spartina patens-dominated marsh, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA. (Reformatted to ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This ecocomDP data package is about populations rather than communities, and has therefore been deprecated. This data package is formatted according to the "ecocomDP", a data package design pattern for ecological community surveys, and data from studies of composition and biodiversity. For more information on the ecocomDP project see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP/tree/master, or contact EDI https://environmentaldatainitiative.org. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-pie&identifier=33&revision=16 The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
PIE LTER zooplankton surveys using plankton tows along transects in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/337/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pie/405/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Zooplankton were collected in spring and late summer/fall at four stations representing the salinity gradient in the Parker River-Plum Island Sound estuary. Two size classes, greater than 335 micron and greater than 150 micron, were collected by net tows. Conductivity or salinty and temperature were recorded for each sample. Samples were concentrated to less than 250 mls and preserved in 70 percent EtOH. For taxonomy, sample splits were taken such that a minimum of 250 individuals were present, and counted under a dissecting microscope. Individuals were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, generally to species. Adult copepods were additionally characterized by sex. The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER has, since its inception in 1998, been working towards a predictive understanding of the long-term response of coupled land-estuary-ocean ecosystems to changes in three drivers: climate, sea level, and human activities. The Plum Island Estuary-LTER includes the coupled Parker, Rowley, and Ipswich River watersheds, estuarine areas including a shallow open sound, and extensive tidal marshes. PIE is connected to the Gulf of Maine in the Acadian biogeographic province, which is a cold water, macrotidal environment that is geographically and biologically distinct from coastal ecosystems to the south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Over the next four years the LTER will build upon the progress they have made in understanding the importance of spatial patterns and
Plum Island LTER phytoplankton identification using HPLC and Chem Taxonomy along transects in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts. (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/338/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pie/404/4. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Water column samples are collected along an estuarine salinity gradient as part of our monitoring surveys of the Parker River estuary each spring and late summer (typically high vs low freshwater input). Samples are filtered, and stored frozen for later pigment analyses by HPLC. Pigment data are then analyzed by CHEMTAX, calibrated to a matrix of pigment ratios based on taxonomy and enumeration of selected subsamples by microspcopy. Data are presented in terms of chlorophyll a concentrations partitionaed among the major phytoplankton groups as determined by CHEMTAX. For 2003-2006, sampling stations along the Plum Island Sound-Parker River were at fixed geographic locations at specific "Bends" in the river. In 2008, we began sampling the water column in salinity space rather than at specific geographic locations along the river. This sampling approach was adopted in order to follow particular water masses in this macrotidal estuary. In practical terms, it means that sampling locations, or stations, are not static. Therefore, we have mapped the 11 sampling locations (latitude and longitude are logged at each station) from each transect along the mainstem of the estuary, so each station may be placed along the river (to the nearest 0.5km) as well as in salinity space. We have also used the km marker to assign the sampling locations from each survey to one of four bounding boxes : the Sound (Plum Island Sound; EST-PR-SoundBND) which encompasses approximatly the first 9
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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