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528 results for “Killifish”
Fig. 10 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 10. Jaws, jaw suspensorium and opercular apparatus, left side, lateral view, of Nematolebias papilliferus, male, UFRJ 4652. AA = angulo-articular; DE = dentary; HY = hyomandibula; IH = interhyal; IO = interopercle; MC = Meckel's cartilage; MS = mesopterygoid; MT = metapterygoid; MX = maxilla; OP = opercle; PL = palatine; PM = premaxilla; PO = preopercle; QU = quadrate; RA = retro-articular; RC = rostral cartilage; SO = subopercle; SY = sympletic. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 9 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 9. Posterior portion of neurocranium, left lateral view. (a) Nematolebias papilliferus, male, UFRJ 4652; (b) Simpsonichthys flammeus, male, UFRJ 5117. BO = basioccipital; EO = exoccipital; SO = supraoccipital. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 8 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 8. Neurocranium of Nematolebias papilliferus, male, UFRJ 4652. (a) general ventral view; (b) left posterodorsal view. BO = basioccipital; DE = dermosphenotic; EO = exoccipital; FR = frontal; LE = lateral ethmoid; NA = nasal; PA = parietal; PR = prootic; PS = parasphenoid; PT = pterotic; SP = sphenotic; VO = vomer. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 7 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 7. Superficial layer of skin and dermal bones of the head of Nematolebias papilliferus (placed in a single plain), left side, external view, male, UFRJ 4652. DE = dermosphenotic; LA = lachrymal; NA = nasal. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 14 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 14. Posterodorsal portion of left jaw suspensorium, lateral view. (a) Nematolebias whitei, male, UFRJ 5283; (b) Simpsonichthys igneus, male, UFRJ 4869; (c) S. filamentosus, male, UFRJ 3990. HY = hyomandibula; MT = metapterygoid. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 20 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 20. Paired fin support of Nematolebias papilliferus, male, UFRJ 4652. (a) left shoulder girdle, left lateral view; (b) two ventralmost pectoral-fin proximal radials and adjacent area of coracoid, left lateral view; (c) left pelvic girdle, ventral view. CL = cleithrum; CO = coracoid; P3 = post-cleithrum 3; PB = pelvic bone; PLR = pelvic-fin rays; PR = proximal radials; PT = posttemporal; PTR = pectoral-fin rays; SC = supracleithrum; SP = scapula. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 3. Some members of the genus Simpsonichthys. (a) S. bokermanni, UFRJ 1836, male, about 35 mm SL; Brazil: Bahia: Ilhéus; (b) S. notatus, UFRJ 2068, male, about 30 mm SL; Brazil: Goiás: Nova Roma; (c) S. costai, not preserved, male, about 20 mm SL; Brazil: Mato Grosso: rio das Mortes floodplains; (d) S. alternatus, MNRJ 12523, male, holotype, 22.7 mm SL; Brazil: Minas Gerais: Brasilândia.
Fig. 6 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 6. Pectoral-fin contact organs of Nematolebias whitei. (a) general lateral view of the medial surface of the pectoral fin, UFRJ 5286; (b) osseous support, UFRJ 5283, and (c) external morphology of two contact organs of the subproximal portion of the 6th ray, ventrolateral view, UFRJ 5286. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 2. Some members of the genus Simpsonichthys. (a) S. constanciae, UFRJ 2199, male, about 40 mm SL; Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Barra de São João; (b) S. flavicaudatus, not preserved, male, topotype, about 40 mm SL; Brazil: Pernambuco: Lagoa Grande; (c) S. flammeus, not preserved, male, about 30 mm SL; Brazil: Goiás: Nova Roma.
Fig. 5 in Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)
Fig. 5. Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern and neuromasts in Simpsonichthys. (a) S. radiosus, male, UFRJ 6017; (b) S. semiocellatus, male, UFRJ 3933; (c) S. perpendicularis, male, UFRJ 5144; (d) S. cholopteryx, male, UFRJ 5428. ais = anterior infraorbital series; arn = anterior rostral neuromast; pbs = preorbital series; prn = posterior rostral neuromast; sos = supraorbital series; A-H = frontal scales A-H. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Rivulus kirovskyi, a new killifish from the central Amazon, Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern. a: Rivulus kirovskyi, holotype, UFRJ 5935, male, 20.3 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus; b: Rivulus santensis, UFRJ 123, male, 38.5 mm SL; Brazil: São Paulo: Bertioga.
Data from: Predation drives the evolution of brain cell proliferation and brain allometry in male Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii
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Data from: Behavioral isolation due to cascade reinforcement in Lucania killifish
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Data accompanying Polyphenisms and polymorphisms: genetic variation in plasticity and color variation within and among bluefin killifish populations
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Predator-prey time series: Monthly densities of least Killifish and Eastern Mosquitofish over five years
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Asymmetrical hybridization and environmental factors influence the spatial genetic structure of a killifish hybrid zone
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Genomic landscape of reproductive isolation in Lucania killifish: The role of sex loci and salinity
<p>Adaptation to different environments can directly and indirectly generate reproductive isolation between species. Bluefin killifish (<i>Lucania goodei</i>) and rainwater killifish (<i>L. parva</i>) are sister species that have diverged across a salinity gradient and are reproductively isolated by habitat, behavioral, extrinsic, and intrinsic postzygotic isolation. We asked if salinity adaptation contributes indirectly to other forms of reproductive isolation via linked selection and hypothesized that low recombination regions, such as sex chromosomes or chromosomal rearrangements, might facilitate this process. We conducted QTL mapping in backcrosses between <i>L. parva </i>and <i>L. goodei</i> to explore the genetic architecture of salinity tolerance, behavioral isolation, and intrinsic isolation. We mapped traits relative to a chromosome that has undergone a centric fusion in <i>L. parva</i> (relative to <i>L. goodei</i>). We found that the sex locus appears to be male determining (XX-XY), was located on the fused chromosome, and was implicated in intrinsic isolation. QTL associated with salinity tolerance were spread across the genome and did not overly co-localize with regions associated with behavioral or intrinsic isolation. This preliminary analysis of the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation between <i>Lucania</i> species does not support the hypothesis that divergent natural selection for salinity tolerance led to behavioral and intrinsic isolation as a byproduct. Combined with previous studies in this system, our work suggests that adaptation as a function of salinity contributes to habitat isolation and that reinforcement may have contributed to the evolution of behavioral isolation instead, possibly facilitated by linkage between behavioral isolation and intrinsic isolation loci on the fused chromosome.</p>
Data from: fish (eggs) out of water: evolutionary divergence in terrestrial embryonic plasticity in Trinidadian killifish
<p>Research has shown that externally laid eggs are often responsive to environmental signals. How such embryonic plasticity evolves is unclear. In Trinidad, the killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are found in communities with and without predators. Killifish inhabit shallower, ephemeral habitat in sites with predators. Such shifts increase the exposure of eggs to air and possible desiccation. We compared embryonic plasticity between communities by rearing eggs terrestrially on peat moss or in water. The timing of hatching did not differ between communities when eggs were reared in water. Eggs from sites with predators responded to terrestrial incubation by hatching significantly earlier compared to water reared eggs. These responses were weaker in sites with no predators. Such divergent trends show that the presence of predators is associated with shifts in embryonic plasticity. Our results provide new insights into the factors that favor the evolutionary transition between life on water vs. land.</p>
Data from: Ecological character displacement among Nothobranchius annual killifishes in Tanzania
<p>Divergent ecological character displacement (ECD) is the competition-driven divergence in resource use-related phenotypic traits between coexisting species. It is considered one of the primary drivers of ecological diversification and adaptive radiation. We analyzed phenotypic and ecological variation in two African annual killifish species of the genus <em>Nothobranchius</em>; <em>N. eggersi</em> and <em>N. melanospilus</em> in sympatry and <em>N. melanospilus</em> in allopatry. Our aim was to test if allopatric and sympatric populations of <em>N. melanospilus</em> differ morphologically from each other and from <em>N. eggersi</em>, and examine if these differences are consistent with the predictions of ECD. We find that sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> differ from allopatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> and differ from <em>N. eggersi</em> more strongly than the latter. Our data satisfy four criteria for demonstrating ECD: Differences in phenotypes between allopatric and sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> are greater than expected by chance; the divergence pattern between allopatric and sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> results from an evolutionary shift rather than from ecological sorting; morphological differences observed reflect differences in resource use and, lastly, sites of allopatry and sympatry do not differ in food resource availability or other ecological conditions. Our results suggest that competition is the main driver of the observed divergence between two <em>N. melanospilus </em>populations.</p>
Sex-specific evolution of brain size, brain structure, and covariation with eye size in Trinidadian killifish
<p>Links between contrasting ecological conditions and evolutionary shifts in neurosensory components such as brain and eye size are accumulating. Whether selection operates differently on these traits between sexes is unclear. Trinidadian killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are located in sites with and without predators. Male killifish from sites without predators have evolved larger brains and eyes than males from sites with predators. These differences in brain size are present early in life but disappear in adult size-classes. Here, we evaluated female brain growth allometries to determine if females exhibit similar size-specific brain size differences between sites that differ in predation intensity. We also quantified brain size, structure, and eye size to determine if these structures coevolve in a sex-specific manner. We found that female brain growth allometries did not differ across populations. Yet, female killifish from sites without predators exhibited a larger cerebellum, optic tectum, and dorsal medulla early in life (prior to maturation), but such differences disappeared in larger size-classes. Females from sites with predators exhibit similar patterns in brain growth as males in those sites, therefore shifts in brain size and structure are driven by differences between sexes in sites without predators. We also found evidence for covariation between brain and eye size in both sexes despite different levels of variation in both structures, suggesting that these structures may covary to fluctuating degrees in sex-specific ways. We conclude that differential investment in brain tissue in sites without predators may be linked to varying reproductive and cognitive demands across the sexes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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