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GCE-LTER Altamaha River Plant Community Monitoring Survey in October 2024
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2024 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 3 sampling sites on the creekbank of the Altamaha River. The sites were chosen to capture the transition from Spartina alterniflora to Spartina cynosuroides (site SCSA) and the transition from Spartina cynosuroides to Zizaniopsis miliacea (sites ZSC1 and ZSC2). The quadrats were established as permanent plots in October 2012 by placing PVC stakes along the creekbank at each site. Plots were evenly spaced, but were not randomly located because the goal was to start with mixtures of vegetation in most of the plots, and vegetation was distributed in patches along the creekbanks. Therefore, these plots provide useful measures of vegetation change, but are not a random sample of the vegetation at the site. Plots will be replaced each year as necessary to replace any lost to disturbance. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in a separate data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Thresholds and Regime Shifts at Four LTER Sites (CCE, JRN, PAL, SBC) 1951-2009
The existence and causes of abrupt transitions, thresholds, or regime shifts between ecosystem states is of great concern because the likelihood of such transitions is predicted to increase. The science for measuring and responding to state changes, however, is not well developed. This limitation stems from a lack of data-supported case studies of abrupt transitions in all but a few well-studied ecosystems. We used 30-60 years of data on biological responses and putative drivers from ocean, coastal, polar, and dryland ecosystems to illustrate general approaches to analysis of abrupt transitions. The analyses indicate one case in which the state or response variable (krill abundance) tracked abrupt changes in the driver (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) in a linear fashion. Response variables in other cases (sea cucumber abundance, penguin abundance, and perennial grass production) exhibited hysteretic relationships to drivers (wave intensity, sea ice duration, and monsoonal rainfall amounts, respectively) through a variety of response mechanisms. The analyses illustrate that 1) a suite of common concepts and approaches can be used across disparate systems, 2) there are generally insufficient data for the use of leading indicators, particularly considering the abruptness of transition relative to the lifespan of long-lived organisms, 3) information on spatiotemporal context is useful for comparing transitions in similar systems, and 4) ancillary information from associated experiments and observations is critical for interpreting response-driver relationships.
Seasonal non-destructive vegetation measurements at 15 net primary production (NPP) study sites at Jornada Basin LTER, 1989-ongoing
This data package contains non-destructive quadrat measurements collected for the long-term Net Primary Production (NPP) study at the Jornada Basin LTER. Data here include measurements of horizontal cover and vertical height of plants observed at permanent NPP quadrats at 15 study sites. Sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. All sites are excluded from domestic grazing. Eleven sites are in non-grazed pastures, and at the other four sites 1 hectare areas around the observational plots were fenced in 1988. At all sites a grid of 49 (48 at one playa location) 1m x 1m replicate quadrats was laid out when sampling began in 1989. Grids consist of 49 quadrats arranged in a square 7 x 7 pattern, with quadrats 10 m apart (P-COLL has 48 quadrats in a 3 x 16 pattern). Standing vegetation in quadrats is sampled three times a year: in winter (February - March), before shrubs begin spring growth; in spring (May), when shrubs and spring annuals have reached peak biomass; in fall (late summer; October), when summer annuals have reached peak biomass but before killing frosts. Additional observations of plant count and phenological stage are also made. This dataset is subsequently used to determine quadrat biomass and net primary production. Details and linked data packages are described in the methods element. This is an ongoing dataset with new quadrat measurements collected in the spring, fall and winter of each year. Attention: 1) For most species, these data are not appropriate for estimates of percentage cover because of the way the data are collected. See Note 1 in the methods element for further details.
Soil volumetric water content calculated from neutron hydroprobe data at 15 NPP study locations at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1989-ongoing
This data package contains soil water content data calculated from monthly neutron hydroprobe count measurements made at 15 net primary production (NPP) study locations on Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) lands. Once a month, neutron probe measurements are made at 10 depths (where possible) at each of 10 access tubes at each of the 15 NPP sites using a neutron probe (CPN Model 503DR Hydroprobe and CPN Model 503 Elite Hydroprobe). The raw dataset, also on EDI (knb-lter-jrn.210013001), consists of the count of thermalized neutrons at 30 cm depth intervals to a maximum depth of 300 cm. In this data package, the raw neutron counts have been adjusted for radioactive decay of the neutron source, then converted to volumetric water content (VWC) to a maximum depth of 270 cm using calibration equations (deepest probe depths are excluded from VWC calculations). The NPP sites these measurements are made at represent the 5 dominant vegetation types of the Jornada Basin, which consist of 3 shrub (creosotebush, mesquite dune, and tarbush) and 2 grass (upland grassland and playa) types. Three NPP sites are located in each of the types. This data collection is ongoing with new data collected monthly (updates to the EDI package may occur less frequently). NOTE: This version of the dataset includes calibrated data from a new hydroprobe unit that has recently been put into service. Repair parts were no longer available for the older unit.
Biomass removal at the initiation of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in 1995
This dataset contains data on vegetation biomass removed from treatment plots during the establishment of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. In fall of 1995, various combinations of plant functional groups or species were experimentally removed from 25 x 25 meter plots with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. Eight different treatments were established with selective removal of species or functional groups: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. The amount of plant material removed during the establishment of these treatments was recorded for later use as covariate or measure of disturbance. Removed fresh material was weighed in the field by species, then converted to dry mass using a subset of removed plot vegetation that was oven-dried and weighed in the lab. Variables in this file summarize the dry mass of plants removed by growth form (functional group, i.e. shrub, subshrub, perennial grass, succulent), and by total live dry mass, for each plot in the biodiversity experiment. Also provided are masses of dead material collected from plots (same groups as live material removed for each treatment) and total dry mass, live plus dead. Species-level data are available upo
Plant species-level responses to functional group and species removals in biodiversity experiment plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1999
This dataset contains individual species size data in vegetation plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. In 1999, this pilot study attempted to assess individual species responses of representative individuals in these treatments. Ten randomly selected individuals of eight plant species were measured in each experimental plot, and this dataset reports volumetric data (diameters and height) for each. The study was designed as an individual-based complement to the transect data in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210121001 but was not continued past 1999. This dataset is complete.
Plant and litter cover estimates derived from overhead microplot photos in the Cross-Scale Interactions Study (CSIS) at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013-ongoing
This dataset contains plant and litter cover estimates derived from overhead photos collected from microplots in a long-term experiment (2013-present) of cross-scale interactions (CSIs) at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Experimental treatments were initiated in 2013 at 15 experimental blocks, each with 4 treatment plots: plant-scale herbicide of mesquite shrubs, patch-scale connectivity modifiers (ConMods), herbicide + ConMods, control without manipulations. Repeat, overhead (downward-looking) photographs of ten "microplots" in each plot were taken for estimation of litter, soil, and vegetation cover in the experimental treatment and control plots over time. Photographs were rotated and then cropped to provide standardized areas, and then were analyzed with USDA SamplePoint software to determine coverage by ~27 plant, litter or other cover classes on a 100 point grid. Raw and corrected cover estimates are provided. This study is ongoing and new data will be added annually. Cover estimates are derived from photos in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210413004.
Litter and soil accumulation estimates derived from lateral microplot photos in the Cross-Scale Interactions Study (CSIS) at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013-2017
This dataset contains litter and soil vertical accumulation estimates derived from lateral photos of microplots in a long-term experiment (2013-2017) of cross-scale interactions (CSIs) at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Experimental treatments were initiated in 2013 at 15 experimental blocks, each with 4 treatment plots: plant-scale herbicide of mesquite shrubs, patch-scale connectivity modifiers (ConMods), herbicide + ConMods, control without manipulations. Repeat, lateral (side-looking) photographs of ten "microplots" in each ConMods and herbicide+ConMods plot were taken for estimation of litter, soil, and vegetation cover in the experimental treatment and control plots over time. Photographs were analyzed with SigmaScan software to determine vertical accumulation of litter and soil withing the microplots. This study is complete and ended in 2017. These vertical accumulation estimates are derived from photos in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210413006.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Ocean Currents and Biogeochemistry: salinity, temperature and current at CTD and ADCP mooring FOR01 from 2004 ongoing
Moored and bottom-mounted instrumentation (ADCP, CTD, thermistors, wave-tide meters) sampled year-round on the reef of Moorea Island, French Polynesia at LTER 1 fore reef site (FOR01). Sampling began in 2005. All data have been interpolated onto a 20 min grid. ADCP data are organized into 1-meter bins, measured as height from the bottom, to a maximum of 20 bins. All bins may not be filled, and although post-processing attempted to exclude data from bins 'above the surface', users need to exercise caution with the near-surface bins. CTD parameters include Pressure, Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity, and Density. The two moored CTD packages are located approximately 5 and 14 meters above the bottom and there are up to 5 additional temperature thermistors spaced vertically along the mooring line. Note that the upper CTD and temperature thermistor data were terminated in 2020, and the bottom CTD was terminated in February 2022. There are 2 bottom mounted thermistors in the vicinity of the mooring at 10 and 20 meter depth. A bottom-mounted wave-tide meter at 10-meter depth provides a measure of significant wave height and dominant wave period at a 2-hour sampling interval. Tide-related data may be calculated from bottom-mounted pressure sensor data.
Temperature, Salinity, Sound Velocity, Location, Depth, Heading, and Velocity measured aboard the R/V Nanuq for the Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER site, 2020-2021
This dataset describes measurements from a thermosalinograph and navigation device used aboard the R/V Nanuq during cruises in Resurrection Bay and the Gulf of Alaska. Thermosalinograph data includes temperature, salinity, conductivity, and sound speed measurements every five seconds while the instrument was in use. Navigation data describes latitude, longitude, depth, heading, course over ground, and speed over ground. Data are collected on R/V Nanuq using the ship's GPS devices and a Seabird Electronics SBE-45 thermosalinograph (TSG) that samples uncontaminated pumped seawater. Temperature and conductivity data are sampled every 5 seconds and salinity and sound velocity are derived parameters. No data quality control has been applied to this data, so users should be cautious that conductivity, salinity and sound speed dropouts to due bubbles are common when the ship is plowing through large waves. Data are collected by a variety of projects, including from the NSF-funded Northern Gulf of Alaska Long Term Ecological Research (NGA LTER) program, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC) Gulf Watch Alaska GAK1 project, the UAF Sub-Arctic Oceanography Field Course, the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) glider program, and others.
Fluxes project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Predicting Peat Depth in a North Temperate Lake District 2008
Peat deposits contain on the order of 1/6 of the Earth's terrestrial fixed carbon (C), but uncertainty in peat depth precludes precise estimates of peat C storage. To assess peat C in the Northern Highlands Lake District (NHLD), a approximately 7000 square km region in northern Wisconsin, United States, with 20 percent peatland by area, we sampled 21 peatlands. In each peatland, peat depth (including basal organic lake sediment, where present) was measured on a grid and interpolated to calculate mean depth. Our study addressed three questions: (1) How spatially variable is peat depth? (2) To what degree can mean peat depth be predicted from other field measurements (water chemistry, water table depth, vegetation cover, slope) and/or remotely sensed spatial data? (3) How much C is stored in NHLD peatlands? Site mean peat depth ranged from 0.1 to 5.1 m. Most of the peatlands had been formed by the in-filling of small lake basins (terrestrialization), and depths up to 15 m were observed. Mean peat depth for small peat basins could be best predicted from basin edge slope at the peatland/upland interface, either measured in the field or calculated from digital elevation (DEM) data (Adj. R2 = 0.70). Upscaling using the DEM-based regression gave a regional mean peat depth of 2.1 plus or minus 0.2 m (including approximately 0.1 to 0.4 m of organic lake sediment) and 144 plus or minus 21 Tg-C in total. As DEM data are widely available, this technique has the potential to improve C storage estimates in regions with peatlands formed primarily by terrestrialization. Number of sites: 21 Sampling Frequency: once for each site
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Northern Wisconsin Lake Resident Survey 2005, 2008, 2012
The purpose of this survey was to understand what lake characteristics people value most, what activities they enjoy most, and what they expect for the future of northern Wisconsin lakes. Questions covered aspects such as the property search process individuals went through leading up to their purchase of lakeshore property in Vilas County WI, what activities the individual's household participate in on lakes in Vilas County WI, their attitude about the future of their lake, their perception of the current state of their lake, and lake qualities they would like improved on their lake. Demographics of the respondents and background information about their lake were also collected. Two types of surveying methodologies were used for this survey, one being an internet-based survey, while the other was a mail survey. Surveys were conducted in 2005 and repeated in 2008.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Morphometry and Hypsometry data for core study lakes
Morphometric data for NTL study lakes. These are area and volume at one meter depth interval. hp-factor in percent volume for each depth layer NTL core study lakes
North Temperate Lakes LTER High Frequency Water Temperature Data, Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll, pH - Crystal Lake 2011 - 2014
Data from the instrumented buoy on Crystal Lake include micrometeorological parameters, relative humidity, air temperature, wind velocity, wind driection (2 m height),and water temperatures, pH, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen measured by a sonde that is moving through the water column. Measurements were taken before, during, and after lake mixing experiment
Lake Mendota Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Measurements at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2016
This original dataset contains carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) data collected in Lake Mendota during the summer of 2016. Data were collected between 15 April 2016 and 14 November 2016 on both Lake Mendota and its surrounding streams—four major inflows and the primary outflow of Lake Mendota. The dataset is comprised of four linked tables, corresponding to carbon and GHG measurements on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_carbon_ghg), weekly physico-chemical sonde casts on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ysi), ebullition rate estimates on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ebullition), and carbon and physico-chemical data from the four major inflows and primary outflow of Lake Mendota (stream_weekly_carbon_ysi). These data were used to explore the relationship between organic carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas production on a eutrophic lake. From these data, it is possible to estimate daily oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide flux on Lake Mendota during the study time period. Additional methods and applications of this data can be found in J.A. Harts Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology, May 2017.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Estimated winter inputs of stream water and groundwater to primary study lakes 1982 - 2014
This data set integrates and summarizes daily surface and groundwater inputs to 5 primary study lakes, using model estimates from a data-driven USGS hydrologic model (Hunt et al. 2013; Hunt and Walker 2017), and ice phenology data (number of days since ice-on). The lakes are Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout. Powers et al. (2017) used these data to estimate upper and lower bounds for exogenous chemical inputs to the lakes during winter. For a given lake and winter year, cumulative surface water and groundwater inputs were calculated across the ice cover period. For each lake, this data set reports the mean, maximum, and minimum winter water inputs observed across years, in units of water volume, % of average lake volume, and volume per winter day. Sampling Frequency: 1 per lake, with multiple summary values reported (i.e., mean, min, max). Number of sites: 5. Hunt, R.J. et al., 2013. Simulation of Climate - Change effects on streamflow, Lake water budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin. USGS Scientific Investigations Report., pp.2013-5159. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258363719_Simulation_of_Climate... Hunt, R.J., and Walker, J.F., 2017, GSFLOW groundwater-surface water model 2016 update for the Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7M32SZ2. Powers SM, Labou SG, Baulch HM, Hunt RJ, Lottig NR, Hampton SE, Stanley EH. In press (expected 2017). Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes. Limnology and Oceanography Letters.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Long-term winter chemical limnology and days since ice-on for primary study lakes 1982 - 2014
This data set integrates long-term data sets on winter nutrient chemistry with ice phenology (number of days since ice-on), focusing on the subset of measurements taken during ice cover. Parameters characterizing limnology of 5 primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes, are measured at one station in the deepest part of each lake at the surface, middle, and deep (~1 meter above bottom). These parameters include nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic carbon, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen values are the zonal averages from more complete depth profiles. Sampling Frequency: every 6 weeks during ice-covered season for the northern lakes. Number of sites: 5
North Temperate Lakes LTER Bythotrephes longimanus spiny water flea population monitoring in Wisconsin and Minnesota 2009 - 2014
Three data tables are included describing population dynamics for Bythotrephes longimanus, spiny water flea, in Southern Wisconsin during invasion. General monitor took place in Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Waubesa, Lake Kegonsa, Stormy Lake, Gile Flowage, Lake Gogebic. Accompanying Bythotrephes morphological measurements from Lake Mendota monitoring efforts in 2011 and 2012. Included are individual measurements of body morphology and reproductive status for ~2,500 Bythotrephes collected from Lake Mendota in 2011 and 2012. Sediment cores from Lake Mendota were analyzed for spiny water flea evidence with age of sediment estimated.
Long-term fish size data for Wisconsin Lakes Department of Natural Resources and North Temperate Lakes LTER 1944 - 2012 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/357/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset describes long-term (1944-2012) variations in individual fish total lengths from Wisconsin lakes. The dataset includes information on 1.9 million individual fish, representing 19 species. Data were collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resource fisheries biologists as part of routine lake fisheries assessments. Individual survey methodologies varied over space and time and are described in more detail by Rypel, A. et al., 2016. Seventy-Year Retrospective on Size-Structure Changes in the Recreational Fisheries of Wisconsin. Fisheries, 41, pp.230-243. Available at: http://afs.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2016.1160894
Long-term fish abundance data for Wisconsin Lakes Department of Natural Resources and North Temperate Lakes LTER 1944 - 2012 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/356/3. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset describes long-term (1944-2012) variations in the relative abundance of fish populations representing nine species in Wisconsin lakes. Data were collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resource fisheries biologists as part of routine lake fisheries assessments. Individual survey methodologies varied over space and time and are described in more detail by Rypel, A. et al., 2016. Seventy-Year Retrospective on Size-Structure Changes in the Recreational Fisheries of Wisconsin. Fisheries, 41, pp.230-243. Available at: http://afs.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2016.1160894
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