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Stable isotopes and radiocarbon dating results on Late Pleistocene red deer and horse from the Serinyà caves (Girona, Catalonia, Spain)
<p>Table 1: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean and standard-deviations (SD) of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub> values per horse and red deer tooth. Numbers in bold indicate isotopic values corresponding to peaks (summer) or troughs (winter) detected from clear sinusoidal patterns in <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub> values. Numbers in bold correspond to minimum and maximum values in teeth revealing a sinusoidal pattern. LM3 and UM3 stand for lower third molar and upper third molar, respectively. LM2 stands for lower second molar. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. N: number of analyses.</p> <p>Table 2: Minimum, maximum, mean and standard-deviations of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub> for horse and red deer per technocomplex phases. na stands for not applicable. N: number of samples.</p> <p>Table A.1: Detailed isotopic results (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub>) for horse teeth with incremental sampling. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered for further interpretation. R stands for the right side, L is for the left side.</p> <p>Table A.2: Detailed isotopic results (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub>) for red deer teeth with incremental sampling. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side.</p> <p>Table A.3: Results of elemental analysis on bone or dentine (N<sub>bone or dentine</sub>) and collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) from horse (<em>Equus ferus</em>), red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) at the Serinyà caves. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. Tüb. stands for Tübingen and NU for National University.</p> <p>Table A.4: Results of elemental analysis on bone or dentine (N<sub>bone or dentine</sub>) and collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) from large bovids (<em>Bos/Bison</em>) and muskox (<em>Ovibos moschatus</em>) at the Serinyà caves. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. Tüb. stands for Tübingen.</p> <p>Table A.5: Results of elemental analysis on collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>,<em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) and radiocarbon dates (<sup>14</sup>C) from horse (<em>Equus ferus</em>), red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>), reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>), muskox (<em>Ovibos moschatus</em>), rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) and human (<em>Homo sapiens</em>) at the Serinyà caves. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. na stands for not applicable, nd for not determined and ind for indetermined.</p>
Fig. 3 in Exceptional preservation of tracheal rings in a glyptodont mammal from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina
Fig. 3. Cartilages present in the neck of glyptodont mammal Panochthus sp. compared with Recent California sea lion and domestic pig. A. Thyroid, cricoid, and tracheal cartilages in ventral view; generalized mammal (A 1), Panochthus sp. (A 2). B. Explanatory drawing of the Panochthus sp. skull in lateral view, with hyoid apparatus and tracheal rings. C–E. Tracheal rings in anterior view. C. Panochthus sp. (MHM-P 87). D. California sea lion Zalophus californianus Lesson, 1828. E. Domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758. A, modified from Martínez and Turpín 2015; D, E, modified from Moore et al. 2014. Abbreviations: cc, cricoid cartilage; hy, hyoid apparatus; mr, mandibular rami; sk, skull; tc, thyroid cartilage; tr, tracheal rings.
Fig. 2 in Exceptional preservation of tracheal rings in a glyptodont mammal from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina
Fig. 2. Tracheal cartilages of glyptodont mammal Panochthus sp. (MHM-P 87) from the Late Pleistocene of General Belgrano, Argentina, in ventral views. Lateral (A1), ventral and ventro-lateral (A2) portions, fragment of cricoid cartilage (A3) in ventral views.
FIGURE 2 in Late Pleistocene and Holocene pikas (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from Europe and the validity of Ochotona spelaea: New insights based on mtDNA analysis
FIGURE 2. Haplotype network of species of the genus Ochotona based on the analysis of cytochrome b mtDNA sequences.
FIGURE 1 in Late Pleistocene and Holocene pikas (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from Europe and the validity of Ochotona spelaea: New insights based on mtDNA analysis
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Ochotona based on the analysis of cytochrome b mtDNA sequences.
Fig. 3 - A in The decapod fauna (Axiidea, Anomura, Brachyura) from the Late Pleistocene of Trumbacà, Reggio Calabria (Calabria, southern Italy)
Fig. 3 - A) Pisa armata (Latreille, 1803), MSNM i27880, right chela, outer and inner views (x 3.2). B) Atelecyclus undecimdentatus (Herbst, 1783), MSNM i27879, right chela, outer view (x 3.7). C) Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761), MSNM i27904, carapace in dorsal view (x 8.5). D) Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761), MSNM i27912, right chela, outer and inner views (x 7.5). E) Xantho cf. X. incisus (Leach, 1814), MSNM i27908, left chela, outer and inner views (x 4.6).
Fig. 2 - A in The decapod fauna (Axiidea, Anomura, Brachyura) from the Late Pleistocene of Trumbacà, Reggio Calabria (Calabria, southern Italy)
Fig. 2 - A) Ebalia cf. E. deshayesi Lucas, 1846, MSNM i27902, carapace in dorsal view (x 12). B) Ilia nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758), MSNM i27903, carapace in dorsal view (x 6). C) Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767), MSNM i27884, carapace in dorsal and ventral views (x 2). D) Calappa granulata (Linnaeus, 1758), MSNM i27906, incomplete carapace in dorsal view (x 4.6). E) Calappa granulata (Linnaeus, 1758), MSNM i27893, right chela, outer view (x 2.5).
Figure 2 in First record of Zaslavskypera libanotidis (Reitter, 1896) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the late Pleistocene of Western Siberia
Figure 2. Distribution map of Zaslavskypera libanotidis. Red circles – modern finds, blue rhombus – the Pleistocene record.
Fig. 9 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 9. Geographic distribution and geochronological range of Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Plio−Pleistocene of Mexico and the USA. Biogeographic provinces after Janis (1998). LMA refers to North American Land Mammal Ages, modified from Bell et al. (2004). * present study. Abbreviations: RLB, Rancholabrean
Fig. 6 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 6. Hind limb of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. Left metatarsal (UAHMP−962) in anterior (A1) and proximal (A2) views, showing the articular surface. B. Distal portions of metatarsals III and IV (UAHMP−357) in anterior view.
Fig. 8 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 8. North American Plio−Pleistocene localities with records of Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005, including those from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico, described in the present study.
Fig. 7 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 7. Proximal phalanges of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. UAHMP−954 (right) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. UAHMP−954 (left) in anterior (B1) and posterior (B2) views.
Fig. 5 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 5. Postcranial elements of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. Distal end of left scapula (UAHMP−419) in lateral view. B. Distal end of left tibia (UAHMO−515) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views, showing the articular surface.
Fig. 2 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections of the localities of Barranca del Berrendo (HGO−28), Barranca San Agustín (HGO−29), and El Barrio (HGO−47); the correlation of the fossiliferous sedimentary sequence is shown. Arrows indicate the levels which have yielded the specimens.
Fig. 4 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 4. Mandible and lower dentition of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. Partial mandible (UAHMP−1144) in lateral (A) and occlusal (B) views.
Fig. 1 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 1. Index map showing the study area in the southeastern sector of Hidalgo, central Mexico. The Pleistocene localities Barranca del Berrendo (HGO−28), Barranca San Agustín (HGO−29), and El Barrio (HGO−47) are shown.
Fig. 4 in Two new late Pleistocene miniature owls from Rancho La Brea, California
Fig. 4. Stereopairs of specimens from late Pleistocene, Rancho La Brea, California, USA referred to miniature owls Asphaltoglaux cecileae sp. nov. (A, C, D) and Glaucidium kurochkini sp. nov. (B). A. Left humerus (RLB K9441) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. Right carpometacarpus (RLB K9404) in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. Right femur (RLB K9349) in anterior (C1) and posterior (C2) views. D. Right coracoid (RLB E9533) in ventral (D1) and dorsal (D2) views. See Fig. 3 for additional labeled osteological features. Abbreviations: artic., articularis; Fac., Facies.
Fig. 5 in Two new late Pleistocene miniature owls from Rancho La Brea, California
Fig. 5. Scatter plots illustrating the disproportionately large size of the Crista medialis hypotarsi of Asphaltoglaux cecileae sp. nov. A. Length versus width of Fac. plantaris of Crista medialis hypotarsi. B. Width of Crista medialis hypotarsi stem versus tarsometatarsus total length. All measurements in mm.
Fig. 3 in Youngest agamid lizards from Western Europe (Sierra de Quibas, Spain, late Early Pleistocene)
Fig. 3. Chronological synthesis of the latest Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene records of the family Agamidae in Western Europe (data mainly from Delfino et al. 2008). The grey strips represent the two periods of extinction of Western and Central European herpetofauna during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (Bailon 1991; Blain 2005, 2009; Bailon and Blain 2007; Ivanov 2007). MN, Mammal Neogene Biozonation.
Fig. 2 in Youngest agamid lizards from Western Europe (Sierra de Quibas, Spain, late Early Pleistocene)
Fig. 2. Agamidae indet. from the late early Pleistocene of Sierra de Quibas, Murcia, southeastern Spain. A. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/1, right maxilla in lateral (A 1) and medial (A 2) views. B. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/2, left dentary in lateral (B 1) and medial (B 2) views. C. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/3, right dentary in lateral (C 1) and medial (C 2) views. D. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/6, trunk vertebra in dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and posterior (D 3) views. E. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/7, anterior caudal vertebra in dorsal (E ), ventral (E ), anterior (E ), posterior (E ), and left lateral (E ) views.
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