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89 results for “Life history: ecology”
Figure 1. Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1881 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 1. Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1881, habitus. (a) Male. (b) Female.
Fig. 2. Plots A-B in Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change
Fig. 2. Plots A-B. Hypothetical thermal curves of the free-living stages of two parasite populations with different thermal adaptation histories and similar thermal optimum (highest point in the curve). The blue curve represents a population adapted to a highly variable environment and the orange curve a population adapted to a less variable environment. The dashed black line is a hypothetical current mean temperature in the environment and the dashed grey line represents an increased mean temperature as a consequence of climate change. In plot A, the historical temperature sits close to the thermal optimum in both populations, and an increase in temperature results in a decrease in parasite performance, which is greater for the parasite adapted to the less variable environment. In plot B, the historical temperature is well below the thermal optimum of both parasites, and an increase in temperature results in improved performance for both parasites. In both scenarios, an increase in mean temperature causes a much higher relative change in performance in the population from the less variable environment as indicated in the difference in size among the shade areas. Plot C shows the hypothetical temperature and thermal development ranges for the free-living stages of parasites inhabiting three different latitudes. The temperature range increases with latitude but the development range of parasites does not because, although the thermal range in high latitudes is wider, a large portion of this range occurs <0 ◦C. While parasites from high latitudes might be highly resistant to freezing temperatures, they are also more vulnerable to high temperatures. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change
Fig. 1. Schematic of two types of life cycles of parasitic nematodes highlighting stage-specific interactions with the environment and hosts, and adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions: A) direct life cycle and B) specific indirect life cycle of protostrongylid parasites. In red are indicated the developmental stages of the parasite. The performance (e.g., survival rate, development rate) of developmental stages in the orange area is directly influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Developmental stages in light blue area are indirectly influenced by environmental conditions experienced by the definitive or intermediate hosts. The effect of the environment on the L3 of protostrongylids can be direct or indirect depending if the L3 migrates out of the intermediate host (direct) or if the L3 remains in the intermediate host (indirect). In the inner triangles, examples of stage-specific adaptations to cope with extremes are indicated. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
FIGURES 1–3. Quedius spelaeus spelaeus pupa. 1 in Description of the pupa and observations on the distribution, ecology, and life history of Quedius spelaeus spelaeus Horn (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada
FIGURES 1–3. Quedius spelaeus spelaeus pupa. 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view; 3, ventral view.
FIGURE 4 in Description of the pupa and observations on the distribution, ecology, and life history of Quedius spelaeus spelaeus Horn (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Quedius s. spelaeus in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits
<p class="MsoCommentText">Phenotypic variation among populations is thought to be generated from spatial heterogeneity in environments that exert selection pressures that overcome the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we tested for evidence of isolation by distance or by ecology (i.e., ecological adaptation) to generate variation in early life history traits and phenotypic plasticity among 13 wood frog populations spanning 1200 km and 7° latitude. We conducted a common garden experiment and related trait variation to an ecological gradient derived from an ecological niche model (ENM) validated to account for population density variation. Shorter larval periods, smaller body weight and relative leg lengths were exhibited by populations with colder mean annual temperatures, greater precipitation, and less seasonality in precipitation, and higher population density (high suitability ENM values). After accounting for neutral genetic variation, the <i>Q<sub>ST</sub>–F<sub>ST </sub></i>analysis supported ecological selection as the key process generating population divergence. Further, the relationship between ecology and traits was dependent upon larval density. Specifically, high suitability/high-density populations in the northern part of the range were better at coping with greater conspecific competition, evidenced by greater post-metamorphic survival and no difference in body weight when reared under stressful conditions of high larval density. Our results support that both climate and competition selection pressures drive clinal variation in larval and metamorphic traits in this species. Range-wide studies like this one are essential for accurate predictions of population's responses to ongoing ecological change.</p>
Figure 1 in Fly parasitism in Papuan frogs, with a discussion of ecological factors influencing evolution of life-history differences
Figure 1. Preserved specimen of Rana supragrisea showing enlarged swellings caused by three (two on right side, one on left) infesting larvae of Batrachomyia krausi. Apertures in the skin used to maintain larval access to air are clear on the right; larval respiratory spiracles project from the aperture on left.
Fig. 7 in Ecology and life history of an Amazon floodplain cichlid: the discus fish Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 7. Length vs. weight plots for Symphysodon haraldi specimens parasitized with the isopod gill parasite Braga cichlae, and unparasitized specimens. All specimens are from a single colony of discus in Uxi Bay, lago Amanã.
Fig. 4 in Ecology and life history of an Amazon floodplain cichlid: the discus fish Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 4. (right column) Testes and ovaries of Symphysodon haraldi at advancing stages of gonadal development. Photographs are from freshly sacrificed and dissected specimens, with the gonads outlined for clarity. The following modified version of Nikolsky's scale of reproductive maturity was utilized: 0. (immature): gonads thin and transparent; sex determination not possible (not illustrated). 1. (early development or resting): testes thin and translucent; ovaries thin and translucent-pink with transparent eggs. 2. (maturing): testes translucent white; ovaries enlarged with white eggs. 3. (mature): testes thick and white; ovaries enlarged with largest eggs yellow. 4. (pre-spawning): testes swollen and sperm-positor everted; ovaries swollen with largest eggs orange, swollen and approximately 1.4 mm in diameter, ovipositor everted. 5. (spent): testes flaccid; ovaries flac- cid with scattered eggs of various size classes (not illustrated).
Fig. 2 in Ecology and life history of an Amazon floodplain cichlid: the discus fish Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 2. (a) Flood level and (b) electrical conductivity (EC) monitored in lago Amanã during the period 1995-1998. The timing of sampling in Uxi Bay is marked by A (1998) and B (1997). Dotted horizontal lines mark where shore-scrub (4m) and higher portions of blackwater igapó forest (10m) are inun- dated (Fig. 1). Dotted circles are speculated spawning events for the putative cohort groups 1a through 3 (refer to Fig. 8).
Figure 6 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 6 - Diet of Panulirus argus and Panulirus guttatus from Puerto Morelos, Mexico. For each food item the index of relative importance (IRI) is estimated as IRI = (% frequency × % weight)/100. (Data from Colinas-Sánchez and Briones-Fourzán 1990).
Figure 3 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 3 - Diet of Panulirus gracilis and Panulirus inflatus from Zihuatanejo, Mexico. For each food item the index of relative importance (IRI) is estimated as IRI = (% frequency × % weight)/100. (Data from Lozano-Álvarez and Aramoni-Serrano 1996).
Figure 2 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 2 - Differences in some life-history traits between Panulirus gracilis and Panulirus inflatus from Zihuatanejo, Mexico. A carapace length (CL) distribution (n Panulirus gracilis: 2162, n Panulirus inflatus: 1873) B mean size C growth rate of males (mm CL week–1, n Panulirus gracilis: 148, n Panulirus inflatus: 34) D brood size (number of eggs per clutch) versus CL relationship. Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. (Data from A, B Briones-Fourzán and Lozano-Álvarez 1992, C Briones-Fourzán and Lozano-Álvarez 2003, D Gracia 1985, Fernández-Lomelín 1992).
Figure 5 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 5 - Differences in some life-history traits between Panulirus argus and Panulirus guttatus from Puerto Morelos, Mexico. A carapace length (CL) distribution (n Panulirus argus: 717, n Panulirus guttatus: 450) B mean size C growth rate of males (mm CL week–1, n Panulirus argus: 148, n Panulirus guttatus: 57) D brood size (number of eggs per clutch) versus CL relationship. Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. (Data from A, B Lozano-Álvarez et al. 2007, Briones-Fourzán and Lozano-Álvarez 2013, C Negrete-Soto et al. 2002, D Fonseca-Larios and Briones-Fourzán 1998, Briones-Fourzán and Contreras-Ortiz 1999).
Figure 1 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 1 - Geographic distribution of the two pairs of sympatric Panulirus species addressed in the text.
Figure 4 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669
Figure 4 - Potential ecological interactions between Panulirus gracilis and Panulirus inflatus in a rocky site ("Site A") in Zihuatanejo, Mexico. A lobster density (number of individuals ha–1) B relative abundance of molluscs (percentage of molluscs in benthic samples) C condition factor of lobsters. Error bars denote 95% CI. (Data from A Lozano et al. 1982, B Aramoni-Serrano 1982, C Lozano-Álvarez and Aramoni-Serrano 1996).
Life history and population ecology of Radix swinhoei in Lake Dianchi
<p><span>Freshwater pulmonate (<em>Radix</em> <em>swinhoei</em>) is widespread and abundant in many eutrophic water bodies in Asia. Here, we conducted a one-year survey of <em>R</em>. <em>swinhoei</em> with monthly collections to measure the life history traits (life span and growth), annual secondary production and population size structure of <em>R</em>. <em>swinhoei</em> in nearshore regions of Lake Dianchi, a typic hypereutrophic plateau lake in Southwest China.</span></p>
Data from: Brain size evolution in pipefishes and seahorses: the role of feeding ecology, life history and sexual selection
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Data from: Multidimensional ecological analyses demonstrate how interactions between functional traits shape fitness and life history strategies
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Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of desmognathine salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae): a reevaluation of evolution in ecology, life history, and morphology
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.