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484 results for “Liolaemus”
Revisiting the multispecies coalescent model fit with an example from a complete molecular phylogeny of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
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Complex patterns of diversification in the gray zone of speciation: Model-based approaches applied to Patagonian liolaemid lizards (Squamata: Liolaemus kingii clade)
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Environmental correlates of phenotypic evolution in ecologically diverse Liolaemus lizards
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Fig. 3 in A new lizard of the Liolaemus montanus group that inhabits the hyperarid desert of southern Peru
Fig. 3. Dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the head of holotype HP20CBT.
Fig 1 in A new lizard of the Liolaemus montanus group that inhabits the hyperarid desert of southern Peru
Fig 1. Phylogenetic tree obtained for the new species.
Fig. 1 in An endemic new species of Andean lizard of the genus Liolaemus from southern Peru (Iguania: Liolaemidae) and its phylogenetic position
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree obtained using Bayesian Methods (BM).
Fig. 5 in Some color in the desert: description of a new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Peru, and its conservation status
Fig. 5. Female specimens of the Liolaemus anqapuka sp. nov. Photos by A. Quiroz.
Fig. 8 in Some color in the desert: description of a new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Peru, and its conservation status
Fig. 8. Liolaemus anqapuka sp. nov. eating a moth of the Sphingidae family. Photo by A. Quiroz.
FIGURE 1 in Fragmented host distribution and trombiculid parasitic load: Eutrombicula araucanensis and Liolaemus pictus in Chile
FIGURE 1: Sample sites of Liolaemus pictus. White triangles show the localities where none were recorded Eutrombicula araucanensis. 1. Altos de Lircay National Park (N. P.); 2. Las Trancas; 3. Curacautín; 4. Malalcahuello; 5. Villarrica N. P.; 6. Oncol Park; 7. Panguipulli; 8. Valdivia Reserve; 9. Alerce Costero; 10. Hueicolla; 11. San Juan de la Costa; 12. Puyehue N. P.; 13. Puyehue; 14. Osorno Vulcano; 15. Llanquihue National Reserve (N. R.); 16. Puerto Montt; 17. Río Puelo basin; 18. Ancud; 19. La Chacra; 20. Chonchi; 21. Tantauco Park; 22. ChaitØn; 23. Cisnes.
Data from: Hidden diversity within the lizard genus Liolaemus: genetic vs morphological divergence in the L. rothi complex (Squamata:Liolaeminae)
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Data from: Accuracy and precision of species trees: effects of locus, individual, and base-pair sampling on inference of species trees of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Squamata, Liolaemidae)
Molecular phylogenetics has entered a new era in which species trees are estimated from a collection of gene trees using methods that accommodate their heterogeneity and discordance with the species tree. Empirical evaluation of species trees is necessary to assess the performance (i.e., accuracy and precision) of these methods with real data, which consist of gene genealogies likely shaped by different historical and demographic processes. We analyzed 20 loci for 16 species of the South American lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii species group and reconstructed a species tree with *BEAST, then compared the performance of this method under different sampling strategies of loci, individuals, and sequence lengths. We found an increase in the accuracy and precision of species trees with the number of loci, but for any number of loci, accuracy decreased when using only one individual per species or 25% of the full sequence length. In addition, locus 'informativeness' was an important factor in the accuracy/precision of species trees when using a few loci, but it became increasingly irrelevant with additional loci. Our empirical results combined with previous simulation studies suggest that there is an optimal range of sampling effort of loci, individuals, and sequence lengths for a given speciation history and information content of the data. Future studies should be directed towards further assessment of other factors that can impact performance of species trees, including gene flow, data 'informativeness', tree shape, missing data, and uncertain species boundaries.
Data from: How lizards survived blizzards: phylogeography of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group (Liolaemidae) reveals multiple breaks and refugia in southern Patagonia, and their concordance with other co-distributed taxa
Patagonia was shaped by a complex geological history, including the Miocene uplift of the Andes, followed by volcanism, marine introgressions, and extreme climatic oscillations during Pleistocene glaciation–deglaciation cycles. The distributional patterns and phylogenetic relationships of southern patagonian animals and plants were affected in different ways, and those imprints are reflected in the seven phylogeographic breaks and eight refugia that have been previously proposed. In this study we estimated time-calibrated phylogenetic/phylogeographic patterns in lizards of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group, and related them to historical Miocene-to-Pleistocene events of Patagonia and the previously proposed phylogeographic patterns. Individuals from 51 localities were sequenced for the mitochondrial marker (cyt-b) and a sub-sample of individuals from each mitochondrial lineage was sequenced for one nuclear (LDA12D) and one slow evolving mitochondrial gene (12S). Our analyses revealed strong phylogeographic structure among lineages and, in most cases, no signal of population changes through time. The lineomaculatus group is composed of three strongly supported clades (lineomaculatus, hatcheri and kolengh+silvanae), and divergence estimates suggested their origins associated with the oldest known Patagonian glaciation (7-5 Ma); subsequent diversification within the lineomaculatus clade coincided with the large Pliocene glaciations (~3.5 Ma). The lineomaculatus clade includes nine strongly structured genetically and geographically lineages and five of them are interpreted candidate species. Our findings suggest that some Liolaemus lineages have persisted in situ in multiple refugia through several glaciation-deglaciation cycles in southern Patagonia without demographic fluctuations. We also provide qualitative evidence of some shared phylogeographic breaks and refugia among plants, rodents, and lizards.
Data from: Phylogenomic analysis of the Chilean clade of Liolaemus lizards (Squamata: Liolaemidae) based on sequence capture data
The genus Liolaemus is one of the most ecologically diverse and species-rich genera of lizards worldwide. It currently includes more than 250 recognized species, which have been subject to many ecological and evolutionary studies. Nevertheless, Liolaemus lizards have a complex taxonomic history, mainly due to the incongruence between morphological and genetic data, incomplete taxon sampling, incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. In addition, as many species have restricted and remote distributions, this has hampered their examination and inclusion in molecular systematic studies. The aims of this study are to infer a robust phylogeny for a subsample of lizards representing the Chilean clade (subgenus Liolaemus sensu stricto), and to test the monophyly of several of the major species groups. We use a phylogenomic approach, targeting 541 ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) and 44 protein-coding genes for 16 taxa. We conduct a comparison of phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and several species tree inference methods. The UCEs provide stronger support for phylogenetic relationships compared to the protein-coding genes; however, the UCEs outnumber the protein-coding genes by 10-fold. On average, the protein-coding genes contain over twice the number of informative sites. Based on our phylogenomic analyses, all the groups sampled are polyphyletic. Liolaemus tenuis tenuis is difficult to place in the phylogeny, because only a few loci (nine) were recovered for this species. Topologies or support values did not change dramatically upon exclusion of L. t. tenuis from analyses, suggesting that missing data did not had a significant impact on phylogenetic inference in this data set. The phylogenomic analyses provide strong support for sister group relationships between L. fuscus, L. monticola, L. nigroviridis and L. nitidus, and L. platei and L. velosoi. Despite our limited taxon sampling, we have provided a reliable starting hypothesis for the relationships among many major groups of the Chilean clade of Liolaemus that will help future work aimed at resolving the Liolaemus phylogeny.
FIGURE 4. Pterygosoma patagonica n in Description of a new pterygosomatid mite (Acari, Actinedida: Pterygosomatidae) parasitic on Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemini) from Argentina
FIGURE 4. Pterygosoma patagonica n. sp.; A, Dorsal aspect of female. B, Gnathosoma and scutal aspect. pt: peritremes, scs: scutal setae, bs: body setae. C, Female genital area, ventral view. D, Male overview with genital area and aedeagus. E, Tarsal setation, tarsus I, lateral view. F, Setation of right leg I, II, female, ventral view.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new pterygosomatid mite (Acari, Actinedida: Pterygosomatidae) parasitic on Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemini) from Argentina
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Pterygosoma patagonica n. sp. (black) within the range of Liolaemus spp. (grey).
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new pterygosomatid mite (Acari, Actinedida: Pterygosomatidae) parasitic on Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemini) from Argentina
FIGURE 3. Chaetotaxy of tibia, genu, femur and trochanter of Pterygosoma patagonica n. sp.. Boxed loci correspond to variation (scheme after Jack, 1964).
FIGURES 1–2. Pterygosoma patagonica, n in Description of a new pterygosomatid mite (Acari, Actinedida: Pterygosomatidae) parasitic on Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemini) from Argentina
FIGURES 1–2. Pterygosoma patagonica, n. sp., female. 1, Dorsal aspect; 2, Apical fold with retrieved gnathosoma.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Catamarca Province, Argentina
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Liolaemus crepuscularis (white circles) and members of the ornatus group, plus L. espinozai. The arrow indicates the type locality.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Catamarca Province, Argentina
FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the darwinii group fom total evidence (morphology and molecular) analysis. (From Abdala, 2005). The arrow indicates Liolaemus crepuscularis.
FIGURE 1. a in A new species of Liolaemus from central steppes of Chubut, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Iguanidae)
FIGURE 1. a. Adult male holotype of Liolaemus uptoni in life from Bajada del Buey, Gastre, Chubut, dorsal view. Photo: J.A. Scolaro, 07032000. b. Adult male holotype of Liolaemus somuncurae from a landscape between Laguna Raimundo and Laguna Miñuelo, 1400 m asl., Somuncurá Plateau, Río Negro. Photo: J.M. Cei, 21021980.
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