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Figure 5 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 5. Mesosternum of adult Liviinae: A, Anomoterga scolopiae (Yang); B, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); C, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Paurocephala robusta Mifsud and Burckhardt; F, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama). Abbreviations: bas, basisternum; kat, katepisternum; pcx, precoxale; pss, pleurosternal suture; scs, sternocostal suture. Scales 0.1 mm.

Figure 7 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 7. Metatibial apex of adult Liviidae: A, Strophingia cinereae Hodkinson; B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); F, D. xuani (Messi); G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Liella lanceomedia (Brown and Hodkinson); I, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); J, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); K, M. maculipennis (Brown and Hodkinson); L, Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein. Abbreviations: a, anterior view, l, lateral view, m, medial, p, posterior view. Scales 0.05 mm.

Figure 1 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 1. Habitus images illustrating generic diversity within Liviinae: A, Anomoterga africana (Loginova); B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); F, Diclidophlebia eastopi Vondráček; G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); I, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); J, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); K, Paurocephala chonchaiensis Boselli; L, Woldaia nebulosa Brown and Hodkinson. Scales 1.0 mm.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 4. Metapostnotum of adult Liviinae (arrow pointing to tubercle, tooth, ridge or horn): A, Anomoterga hsenpinensis Fang and Yang; B, Livia vernalis Fitch; C, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); D, Paurocephala chonchaiensis Boselli. Scales 0.1 mm.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 3. Head of adult Liviidae: A, Diclidophlebia xuani Messi; B, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); C, Anomoterga tahuata Klyver; D, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); E, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); F, Livia junci (Schrank); G, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); H, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt. A, B, dorsal view; C–H, ventral view. Scales A, B = 0.1 mm; C–H = 0.1 mm.

Figure 11 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 11. Phylogeny of the Liviidae showing strict consensus tree of the most parsimonious trees based on morphological data (character matrix in Supporting Information, File S2) and obtained with 'Traditional search' in TNT using equal weights. 'Unambiguous changes only' in WINCLADA was used to optimize the character states on the cladogram. Black circles represent synapomorphies, light circles homoplasies; numbers above circles refer to characters numbers, number below to the character states (Table 2). Host plants of Liviini: Malpigiales, Poa, Poales, Ran, Ranunculales; of Paurocephalini: representation of members of Malvales. Distribution: Afrotropics (Afr), Australasia (Aus), Indomalaya (Ind), Nearctic (Nea), Neotropics (Neo), Oceania (Oce), Palaearctic (Pal).

Fig. 2 in Feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its acquisition of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', on huanglongbing-infected Citrus reticulata leaves of several maturity stages

Fig. 2. Visual representation of EPG waveforms E1 (phloem salivation), E2 (phloem ingestion) and G (xylem ingestion) produced by adult Diaphorina citri feeding on HLB-infected Citrus sunki leaves.

Fig. 2 in Ultrastructure and development of the new stylets inside pre-molting first instar nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 2. Transmission electron micrographs of thin sections in other organs of 1st instar nymphs of D. citri. A & B. The esophagus (A) and tracheal cells (B) of a pre-molting nymph; bl, basal lamina; ep, epithelial cells; nc, new cuticle; nt, new taenidia; nu, nucleus; oc, old cuticle, ot, old taenidia. C. Part of the filter chamber showing the chamber wall (cw), anterior midgut (amg) and posterior midgut (pmg); double arrows indicate closely apposed basal lamina of the anterior and posterior midgut; aml, anterior midgut lumen; mv, microvilli; pml, posterior midgut lumen. D. Bacteriocyte cell in the bacteriome with a large nucleus (nu) and various shaped electron-dense bacterial cells (ed). E. Another part of the bacteriome with 2 types of bacterial cells: electron-dense (ed) and electron-lucent (el).

Fig. 3 in Toxicity of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Fig. 3. Percentage of emergence of Tamarixia radiata adults exposed to ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds (ESAM) during their larval stage. The concentration of extract used was equivalent to the LC90 (4,463.00 mg/L) estimated for D. citri adults (120 h of exposure).

Fig. 4 in Toxicity of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Fig. 4. Corrected mortality (Schneider-Orelli 1947) of Diaphorina citri adults exposed to residue on 'Valência' sweet orange seedlings treated with an aqueous emulsion of ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds — ESAM (●) — or the commercial limonoid-based bioinsecticide Azamax® 1.2 EC (O) used as a positive control, at different periods afer application in a semi-field trial (greenhouse). The mortality levels were lower than 7.5% in the controls.

Fig. 1 in Toxicity of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Fig. 1. Effect of ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds (ES- AM) on oviposition preference of copulated Diaphorina citri females (A) and on feeding in non-sexed D. citri adults (B). Both tests were conducted without opportunity to choose, and the concentration of the extract used was equivalent to the LC25 (224.92 mg/L) previously estimated for D. citri adults (120 h of exposure).

Fig. 2 in Toxicity of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Fig. 2. Filter paper discs (experimental units) of the control and treatment with ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds (ESAM). Dark points inside the discs comprise honeydew drop areas excreted by Diaphorina citri adults exposed to the referred treatments, which were stained with a ninhydrin:acetone solution (1%, v/v).

Fig. 2 in Effects of cold-acclimation, pathogen infection, and varying temperatures on insecticide susceptibility, feeding, and detoxifying enzyme levels in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 2. Quantification of the transcription levels of 5 CYP4 genes from uninfected and Las-infected Diaphorina citri populations (A). Cq values were first normalized to the endogenous control gene actin. Standard deviations were calculated on the basis of 5 independent samples with 3 technical replicates each. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P <0.05). Western blot of CYP4 microsomal proteins from 4 independent samples isolated from uninfected and Las-infected D. citri (B).

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Fig. 1 in Reversal of insecticide resistance in Florida populations of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 1. Resistance ratios at the 50% response level using the most susceptible population as a comparison for the 3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists evaluated in this study. Abbreviations for insecticides are FLU, flupyradifurone; IMID, imidacloprid; THIA, thiamethoxam. Abbreviations for sites are LB, LaBelle; LA, Lake Alfred; SL, Port St. Lucie; WG, Winter Garden.

Fig. 2 in Mexican strains of Hirsutella isolated from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Morphologic and molecular characterization

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed with sequences of the 28S ribosomal gene of 14 Hirsutella species enlisted in the NCBI and 7 Mexican strains isolated from D. citri in Mexico. Percentages from bootstrap analysis that support branches in the tree are shown in the respective nodes. Scale represents the number of substitutions/100 nucleotides.

Fig. 3 in Mexican strains of Hirsutella isolated from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Morphologic and molecular characterization

Fig. 3. Percentage of mucilaginous colonies developed from fragments of mycelial colonies of 7 Hirsutella Mexican strains afer 5 days under dark conditions. Values followed by the same letter did not differ statistically (Tukey; P = 0.05). Lines in the bars indicate SD.

Figure 8 from: Gushki RS, Lashkari M, Mirzaei S (2018) Identification, sexual dimorphism, and allometric effects of three psyllid species of the genus Psyllopsis by geometric morphometric analysis (Hemiptera, Liviidae). ZooKeys 737: 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.11560

Figure 8 Shape variation along the positive RW2 (a), negative RW1 (b), and positive RW1 (c) extremes for P. machinosus, P. repens, and P. securicola, respectively.

Figure 9 from: Gushki RS, Lashkari M, Mirzaei S (2018) Identification, sexual dimorphism, and allometric effects of three psyllid species of the genus Psyllopsis by geometric morphometric analysis (Hemiptera, Liviidae). ZooKeys 737: 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.11560

Figure 9 Ordination of the group means along the first two canonical variate axes (CV1 and CV2) based on the generalized distance matrix.

Figure 7 from: Gushki RS, Lashkari M, Mirzaei S (2018) Identification, sexual dimorphism, and allometric effects of three psyllid species of the genus Psyllopsis by geometric morphometric analysis (Hemiptera, Liviidae). ZooKeys 737: 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.11560

Figure 7 Scatter plot of the first two principal components of the three species of Ash psyllids. Abbreviations: r = P. repens, s = P. securicola, and m = P. machinosus

Figure 6 from: Gushki RS, Lashkari M, Mirzaei S (2018) Identification, sexual dimorphism, and allometric effects of three psyllid species of the genus Psyllopsis by geometric morphometric analysis (Hemiptera, Liviidae). ZooKeys 737: 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.11560

Figure 6 Superimposed landmarks on the forewing of three species of ash psyllid: A P. machinosus B P. securicola, and C P. repens.