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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Dataset: Environmental conditions and male quality traits simultaneously explain variation of multiple colour signals in male lizards

Dataset and R code associated with the following publication: Badiane et al. (2022), Environmental conditions and male quality traits simultaneously explain variation of multiple colour signals in male lizards. Journal of Animal Ecology, in press This dataset includes the following files: - An excel file containing the reflectance spectra of all individuals from all the study populations - An excel file containing the variables collected at the individual and population levels - Two R scripts corresponding to the analyses performed in the publication

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Near-shore island lizard fauna shaped by a combination of human-mediated and natural dispersal

Aim: Island biotas provide opportunities to study colonization and adaptation to novel environments. Islands, especially near-shore islands, may have a long record of human habitation such that some lineages result from human-assisted introductions. Here, we combine phylogenetic analyses with fossil data and historical specimen records to reconstruct colonization histories, characterize among-island divergence, and assess the role of humans in shaping the evolutionary history of lizards inhabiting a near-shore island archipelago. Location: Channel Islands and adjacent mainland of California, USA. Taxa: Western fence lizard ( Sceloporus occidentalis), southern alligator lizard (Elgaria multicarinata), common side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana). Methods: We sequenced mitochondrial DNA (ND1, cyt-b) from each of three lizard species, covering their entire island distributions plus the adjacent mainland. For each, we estimated diversity within and among each island, obtained maximum likelihood bootstrapped phylogenies, constructed haplotype networks, and tested for population expansion. We used museum specimen records and microfossil evidence to infer colonization scenarios. Results: Sceloporus occidentalis is characterized by a single island-colonization event, and exhibits the deepest divergences from mainland relatives and the highest among-island divergence. Elgaria multicarinata and Uta stansburiana each have at least three distinct colonization events, with fossil and historical data indicating that some of these occurred after humans arrived to the islands. Main Conclusions: The evolution of Channel Island lineages for two lizard taxa has been mediated by ancient and contemporary anthropogenic activity, while the evolution of the third is shaped by natural dispersal and vicariance caused by sea-level rise. Genetic divergence corroborates the treatment of S. occidentalis as an endemic island species, S. becki. The unique histories of these three taxa are synthesized with other Channel Island lineages highlighting that taxa inhabiting islands with long histories of human activity should be carefully studied to assess the role of people in facilitating colonization and subsequent gene flow.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

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Data from: Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards

Multivariate adaptation to climatic shifts may be limited by trait integration that causes genetic variation to be low in the direction of selection. However, strong episodes of selection induced by extreme climatic pressures may facilitate future population-wide responses if selection reduces trait integration and increases adaptive potential (i.e., evolvability). We explain this counter-intuitive framework for extreme climatic events in which directional selection leads to increased evolvability and exemplify its use in a case study. We tested this hypothesis in two populations of the lizard Anolis scriptus that experienced hurricane-induced selection on limb traits. We surveyed populations immediately before and after the hurricane as well as the offspring of post-hurricane survivors, allowing us to estimate both selection and response to selection on key functional traits: forelimb length, hindlimb length, and toepad area. Direct selection was parallel in both islands and strong in several limb traits. Even though overall limb integration did not change after the hurricane, both populations showed a non-significant tendency toward increased evolvability after the hurricane despite the direction of selection not being aligned with the axis of most variance (i.e., body size). The population with comparably lower between-limb integration showed a less constrained response to selection. Hurricane-induced selection, not aligned with the pattern of high trait correlations, likely conflicts with selection occurring during normal ecological conditions that favor functional coordination between limb traits, and would likely need to be very strong and more persistent to elicit a greater change in trait integration and evolvability. Future tests of this hypothesis should use G-matrices in a variety of wild organisms experiencing selection due to extreme climatic events.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

FIG. 1 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 1. Shaded relief map (based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 3 arcsecond/90 m digital elevation model) of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, showing the location of the 8abc limestone locality.

FIG. 2 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 2. Nearly complete left maxilla of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Medial view also shows the palpebral, which remained attached to the maxilla. C, Close-up of third (preserved) maxillary tooth from rear. Abbreviations: ASAF, anterior superior alveolar foramen; cr.tv., crista transversalis; fac.pr., facial process; j.gr., jugal groove; l.fac., lacrimal facet; lat.r., lateral ridge (= crista lateralis); l.rec., lacrimal recess; n.fac., nasal facet; palp., palpebral; prf.rec., prefrontal recess.

FIG. 6 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 6. Central fragment of left scapulocoracoid of USNM PAL 768729. The scapula and coracoid are indistinguishably fused. Abbreviations: cc.for., coracoid foramen; gl.fos., glenoid fossa; sc-cc.fen., scapulocoracoid fenestra; sc.for., scapular foramen.

FIG. 5 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 5. Dorsal vertebra of USNM PAL 768729. A, dorsal, B, left lateral, and C, ventral views. Note the low neural spine. Abbreviations: cond., condyle; cot., cotyle; n.sp., neural spine; poz., postzygapophysis; prz., prezygapophysis; syn., synapophysis.

FIG. 8 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of USNM PAL 768729 based on four methods (above and opposite page). A, Maximum parsimony with enforced molecular constraint. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support based on 1000 replications. Results with no constraint have identical topology with respect to Pan-Xenosaurus. B, Standard Bayesian inference. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities. C, Fossilized birth-death

FIG. 7 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 7. Relation between maxillary tooth length and snout-vent length (SVL) in iguanid lizards (log-log space). Ordinary least squares regression was used to predict SVL from tooth length. Iguanid lizards were preferred to anguimorphs because the broad spectrum of body size covered by available skeletons did not require extrapolation. Red dot represents prediction for USNM PAL 768729.

FIG. 4 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 4. Partial left mandible of USNM PAL 768729 in medial view. A, Articular region, with broken retroarticular process. B, Middle region, including coronoid and angular. Abbreviations: ang., angular; cb.I, ceratobranchial I; cn., coronoid; part., prearticular; p.mh.f., posterior mylohyoid foramen; ra.pr., retroarticular process; spl.fac., splenial facet.

FIG. 3 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 3. Right jugal of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Abbreviations: mx.fac., maxillary facet; qj.tub., quadratojugal tubercle.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Parasitic Nematodes Of Reptiles (Lizards And Snakes) In The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 2. Environments where the samplings were performed. Capture locations of L. darwinii, L. riojanus and A. longicauda. Town of the Encón, Department of 25 de Mayo (A, B, C)

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 3. Studied hosts. A in Parasitic Nematodes Of Reptiles (Lizards And Snakes) In The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 3. Studied hosts. A = Philodryas trilineata, B = Aurivela longicauda (photo: Ignacio Her- nandez), C = Liolaemus darwinii (photo: Claudio Mendez), D = Liolaemus riojanus

Fig. 8 in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 8. Gular region of P. sumatrana (RMNH.RENA 8384). Please note the V-shaped limitation of the gular sac. (gf, gular fold; ig, enlarged iuxtagular scales).

Fig. 5 in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 5. Detailed μ-CT of the caudal vertebrae of Pseudocophotis sumatrana (ZFMK 20790) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) view. Comparison of a transverse section of the caudal vertebrae (cv) of P. sumatrana (C) and Cophotis ceylanica (D, ZFMK 52524) (h, hemal arch).

Fig. 4 in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 4. μ-CT of the tails of Cophotis ceylanica (A, ZFMK 52524) and P. sumatrana (B, C, ZFMK 20790) in lateral view. Please note the presence of hemal arches (h) in C. ceylanica along the entire length of the tail.

Fig. 6 in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 6. Rostral appendages of P. sumatrana (A, RMNH.RENA 3782; B, RMNH.RENA 8384). Please note that the rostral appendage in RMNH.RENA 8384 is laterally compressed. (ns, nuchal spine; scs, corona of supraciliary scales; not to scale; ra, rostral appendage; nc, nuchal crest scales; ts, scaled tympanum)

Fig. 1. A in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 1. A, male holotype of Calotes nasicornis and Cophotis sumatrana (RMNH.RENA 3872); B, female holotype of Calotes aberrans (MZLU L897/3430); not to scale.

Fig. 2 in Nomenclatural and morphological notes on the rare agamid lizard Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Fig. 2. Specimen of Pseudocophotis sumatrana initially identified as "Harpesaurus tricinctus" (RMNH.RENA 8384 from Gedeh, Tjibodas, Java).